Vertical Structure in the Marine Atmospheric Boundary Layer and its Implication for the Inertial Dissipation Method     

Anna Sjöblom  Ann-Sofi Smedman 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2003,109(1):1-25

The structure of the marine atmospheric boundarylayer and the validity ofMonin–Obukhov similarity theory over the seahave been investigated using longterm measurements. Three levels of turbulencemeasurements (at 10 m, 18 mand 26 m) at Östergarnsholm in themiddle of the Baltic Sea have beenanalysed. The results show that turbulentparameters have a strong dependenceon the actual height due to wave influence.The wind profile and thus thenormalised wind gradient are very sensitiveto wave state. The lower part of theboundary layer can be divided into three heightlayers, a wave influenced layerclose to the surface, a transition layer andan undisturbed ordinary surfacelayer; the depth of the layers is determinedby the wave state. This heightstructure can, however, not be found for thenormalised dissipation, which is onlya function of the stability, except duringpronounced swell where the actualheight also has to be accounted for. Theresults have implications for the heightvariation of the turbulent kinetic energy(TKE) budget. Thus, the imbalancebetween production and dissipation willalso vary with height according to thevariation of wave state. This, in turn,will of course have strong implicationsfor the inertial dissipation method, inwhich a parameterisation of the TKEbudget is used.  相似文献   

A consistent derivation of the wave-energy equation from basic hydrodynamic principles     

Andreas?MalcherekEmail author 《Ocean Dynamics》2003,53(3):302-308

Based on a decomposition of the velocity into mean flow, turbulent and wave components, momentum and hereafter a wave-energy equation is derived. It contains a turbulent energy dissipation term which is closed by applying a wave-related mixing length model and linear wave theory solutions. This closure produces a non-linear turbulent wave-energy dissipation including the wave energy in a 5/2 power law. The theory is able to predict correctly the shape of deep-water wave spectra according to Phillips' similarity law.Responsible Editor: Hans Burchard  相似文献   

The system of the Milky Way, LMC and SMC     

Adam Ružčka 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2003,284(2):519-522

A simple sticky-particle numerical model has been developed in order to check whether extended structures of gas created due to the dynamical evolution of the Galaxy and the Magellanic Clouds system can be explained as remnants of a tidal interaction. Influence of dissipative nature of gaseous medium has been taken into account. The most remarkable features are: the Magellanic Stream, the common HI envelope surrounding both the LMC and SMC and the bridge extended between the Clouds. In contrast to previous works of Murai and Fujimoto (1980), Gardiner et al. (1994) and H and Rohlfs (1994) no presumptions were done on the actual galactocentric velocities of the Magellanic Clouds. The mean values of the LMC and SMC velocity vectors obtained from the Hipparcos proper motion measurements (Kroupa and Bastian, 1997) were used in order to verify whether they allow to reproduce the observed HI distribution. Numerical simulations showed that tidal forces are really significant for the evolution of extended structures such as the Magellanic Stream but this approach becomes unsufficient for the internal regions of galaxies where self-gravity and dissipative properties of the gas cannot be neglected. More precise proper motion measurements are urgently needed. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Energy approach for earthquake induced slope failure evaluation     

T. Kokusho  T. Ishizawa 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2006,26(2-4):221-230

Earthquake-induced slope stability is evaluated by the force-equilibrium method in engineering practice. This method provides a safety factor against initiating failure or displacement according to the Newmark model along a fixed slip surface but it cannot evaluate failure deformations after failure occurs. An energy approach is proposed as an alternative means for evaluating slope failures and subsequent flow deformations. The driving energy for slope displacement is considered to be the earthquake energy and the gravitational potential energy. As a first step in the research, an energy balance is formulated for the model of a rigid block resting on an inclined plane. Then, an innovative model test is developed, in which the energy balance in a sliding slope is measured on a shake table. The earthquake energy used for the slope failure can be successfully quantified in the test and its contribution to displacement is discussed in the light of the energy balance established for the block model.  相似文献   

新一代天气雷达谱宽资料分析晴空回波特征的探讨   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

耿建军  顾松山  陈钟荣  黄兴友  夏文梅 《南京气象学院学报》2007,30(6):814-818

根据广州强对流天气发生前新一代天气雷达(CINRAD/SA)观测的晴空回波谱宽资料,经过数据质量控制和预处理,估算了不同高度的湍流耗散率,发现这次强对流天气过程发生前,低层的湍流耗散率明显增强,揭示了这次强对流天气过程的前兆特征.  相似文献   

非线性粘滞阻尼器消能结构设计方法探讨   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

蒋通  贺磊 《世界地震工程》2007,23(1):134-140

在建立非线形粘滞阻尼器消能结构性能曲线的基础上，建议了依据减震性能目标确定阻尼器参数的概略设计方法。提出了多自由度非线性粘滞阻尼器消能结构的等效阻尼比计算公式。在此基础上建议了适用于多自由度非线性粘滞阻尼器消能结构地震反应预测的模态叠加法，方法与时程分析结果对比吻合良好。为使各层阻尼器参数更好地满足减震性能要求，提出了将概略设计得到的层阻尼器参数依据减振性能目标进行调整的方法。  相似文献   

风浪作用下水生植物对水流结构的影响——以太湖中两种典型沉水植物为例          下载免费PDF全文

张英豪  赖锡军  张琳  姚昕  邓焕广 《水科学进展》2020,31(3):441-449

为研究风浪作用下水生植物对水流结构的影响,选取太湖中两种典型沉水植物(苦草与马来眼子菜)为研究对象,分别对苦草植物斑块与马来眼子菜植物斑块内外水体的瞬时流速进行野外现场测量,利用瞬时流速的能量谱分布将波浪流速与紊动流速分离,分别分析水生植物对时均流速、波浪流速以及紊动能的影响。风浪影响下,水体中存在流向与测量时近水面处盛行风向一致的水流;波浪流速以垂向流速为主,且波浪流速自水面向床底逐渐减小;紊动能在水面处达到最大值,并向床底方向逐渐减小。与无植被条件相比,苦草与马来眼子菜的存在减小了时均流速、波浪流速以及紊动能。两种植物形态上的差异,导致其对水流结构的影响不同:苦草叶片阻流面积在冠层中部达到最大,使得时均流速与波浪流速在苦草中部位置的减小程度最大;马来眼子菜叶片主要集中于冠层顶部(水面附近),其对时均流速以及波浪流速的减小作用在水面处达到最大。  相似文献   

可用于带耗散力卫星轨道长间隔积分的数值积分方法   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

徐继鸿  黄天衣 《紫金山天文台台刊》1998,17(1):28-37

本文分析了对称方法不适合带耗散力的卫星轨道长间隔积分的缺陷和本质原因,并针对这个问题,采用文所介绍的方法,构造并推荐了一组积分公式。  相似文献   

冲击荷载作用下饱和软粘土孔压增长与消散规律   总被引：17，自引：3，他引：14  

白冰  刘祖德 《岩土力学》1998,(2)

通过大量室内试验,研究饱和软粘土在冲击荷载作用下的变形和孔压增长规律,讨论孔压增长的内在机理和不同围压、不同冲击能作用下孔压量的变化。讨论土体的再团结变形规律,提出再固结体积压缩系数的确定方法。最后分析冲击荷载作用后的强度变化。这些讨论为动静结合法处理软基提供了依据。  相似文献   

低周反复荷载作用下复合耗能支撑钢筋混凝土框架结构的抗震性能试验研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

王曙光  刘伟庆  蓝宗建  张炳凡  杨蕾蕾  崇峻 《地震工程与工程振动》1998,18(3):124-130

本文介绍了三榀钢支撑钢筋混凝土框架结构（包括两榀复合耗能支撑框架、一榀普通支撑框架）在低周反复荷载作用下的试验结果。对复合耗能支撑框架结构在低周反复荷载作用下的工作性能（包括受力性能、破坏形态、滞回曲线、骨架曲线、延性和耗能能力等）进行了探讨,揭示了复合耗能支撑框架结构良好的抗震性能。  相似文献