Analytical study of ground motion caused by seismic wave propagation across faulted rock masses          下载免费PDF全文

J.C. Li  N.N. Li  S.B. Chai  H.B. Li 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2018,42(1):95-109

Studying seismic wave propagation across rock masses and the induced ground motion is an important topic, which receives considerable attention in design and construction of underground cavern/tunnel constructions and mining activities. The current study investigates wave propagation across a rock mass with one fault and the induced ground motion using a recursive approach. The rocks beside the fault are assumed as viscoelastic media with seismic quality factors, Q_p and Q_s. Two kinds of interactions between stress waves and a discontinuity and between stress waves and a free surface are analyzed, respectively. As the result of the wave superposition, the mathematical expressions for induced ground vibration are deduced. The proposed approach is then compared with the existing analysis for special cases. Finally, parametric studies are carried out, which includes the influences of fault stiffness, incident angle, and frequency of incident waves on the peak particle velocities of the ground motions.  相似文献   

Study of irregular wave run-up over fringing reefs based on a shock-capturing Boussinesq model     

《Applied Ocean Research》2019

This paper presents the results of a parametric study of irregular wave run-up over fringing reefs using the shock-capturing Boussinesq wave model Funwave-TVD to better understand the role of fringing reefs in the mitigation of wave-driven flooding. Laboratory experiments were newly performed with a typical fringing reef profile and typical hydrodynamic conditions to validate the model. Experimental data shows irregular wave run-ups are dominated by the low-frequency motions and confirms the run-up resonant phenomenon over the back-reef slope, which has been revealed in previous numerical studies. It is demonstrated that irregular wave evolution and run-up over fringing reefs are reasonably reproduced by the present model with a proper grid size. However, the infragravity run-up height and highest 2% run-up height over the back-reef slope are under-predicted due to the underestimation of the infragravity wave height over the reef flat. The validated model was then utilized to model irregular wave transformations and run-ups under different conditions. Through a series of numerical experiments, the effects of key hydrodynamic and reef geometry parameters, including the reef flat width, water depth over the reef flat, fore-reef slope angle and back-reef slope angle, on the irregular wave run-up were investigated. Variations of spectral components of irregular wave run-ups were examined to better understand the physical process underlying the effect of each parameter.  相似文献   

Stokes漂流对全球海表面温度模拟的影响     

肖林  史剑  蒋国荣  刘子龙  张成成 《海洋通报》2018,(1):55-87

Stokes漂流对海洋上混合层中的流场和温度场结构具有不可忽视的作用。本文基于WAVEWATCHⅢ海浪模式模拟的海浪要素计算得到Stokes漂流,将其引入SBPOM模式的动量方程中,从体积输运的角度研究Stokes漂流对全球海表面温度的影响。分析发现Stokes漂流与Stokes输运在全球呈现高纬度强于中低纬度的带状分布特征,且这种流动与输运对全球海表面温度具有降温作用,该降温作用的分布与全球Stokes输运强度相对应,高纬降温作用大于中低纬度,特别是南极绕极流海域平均降温明显大于其余海域,最大降温可达1.5℃,且全球月平均降温超过0.1℃。  相似文献   

Characteristics of breaking irregular wave forces on a monopile     

《Applied Ocean Research》2019

The substructures of offshore wind turbines are subjected to extreme breaking irregular wave forces. The present study is focused on investigating breaking irregular wave forces on a monopile using a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) based numerical model. The breaking irregular wave forces on a monopile mounted on a slope are investigated with a numerical wave tank. The experimental and numerical irregular free surface elevations are compared in the frequency-domain for the different locations in the vicinity of the cylinder. A numerical analysis is performed for different wave steepness cases to understand the influence of wave steepness on the breaking irregular wave loads. The wave height transformation and energy level evolution during the wave shoaling and wave breaking processes is investigated. The higher-frequency components generated during the wave breaking process are observed to play a significant role in initiating the secondary force peaks. The free surface elevation skewness and spectral bandwidth during the wave transformation process are analysed and an investigation is performed to establish a correlation of these parameters with the breaking irregular wave forces. The role of the horizontal wave-induced water particle velocity at the free surface and free surface pressure in determining the breaking wave loads is highlighted. The higher-frequency components in the velocity and pressure spectrum are observed to be significant in influencing the secondary peaks in the breaking wave force spectrum.  相似文献   

300 BC-1900 AD无定河流域城镇时空格局演变   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

佟彪  党安荣  许剑 《地理学报》2019,74(8):1508-1524

通过分析和整理从战国中晚期（约300 BC）至清末（约1900 AD）无定河流域历代县级及以上城址的位置、兴废年代数据,结合行政区划沿革、经济社会发展、政权更迭等资料,分析流域城镇格局的时空演变过程。研究表明：① 受气候周期性波动影响,无定河流域城镇的兴起与衰废具有明显的周期性特征,城镇几何中心的移动轨迹具有明显的“西北—东南”向潮汐性运动特征;② 城址存续年限普遍较短,具有明显的阶段性特征,流域内曾存在过4个阶段性中心城镇,中心城镇移动的方向和过程与城镇几何中心的潮汐性移动过程趋势一致;③ 流域城镇空间格局可分为3种类型,即秦汉与隋唐时期的沿河流谷地分布,宋、明两代的沿边境线与长城分布,以及元、清两代集中于流域下游分布。流域城镇未来的发展布局应重视气候变化对城镇分布的长期影响,关注区域环境的脆弱性,合理安排城镇体系发展规模与布局。  相似文献   

京津冀协同发展重要地理国情监测研究与应用     

余永欣  杨伯钢  刘博文  李立军  王星杰  张建国 《北京测绘》2020,(2):224-228

文章阐述了开展京津冀协同发展重要地理国情监测的现实背景和意义,依托地理国情普查和常态化监测,结合京津冀一体化发展需求,提出了京津冀协同发展重要地理国情监测的总体思路、研究内容、关键技术和研究方法等,并开展了京津冀地区自然生态空间变化监测、高等级公路和铁路交通网络变化监测、重点大气颗粒物污染源空间分布监测等重要地理国情信息监测研究,成果已经在京津冀地区可持续发展评价、京津冀生态文明建设、空间规划管理等工作中得到了广泛应用。  相似文献   

一种酪氨酸酶基因在笠贝初生壳形成中的表达分析     

谭素建  郇聘  刘保忠 《海洋科学》2018,42(9):17-21

软体动物初生壳形成是贝壳早期发育研究的重要内容。目前,初生壳形成的机制尚不清晰。本文从笠贝(Lottia goshimai)中克隆了一个酪氨酸酶基因(lgo-tyr1),聚类分析表明其与长牡蛎基因cgi-tyr1是直系同源基因。Lgo-TYR1的序列分析显示它具有两个典型的铜离子结合结构域和一个信号肽。通过整装原位杂交和电子扫描显微镜观察,检测到lgo-tyr1在担轮幼虫的圆形贝壳区以及紧邻的环状细胞带中表达,表明lgo-tyr1可能参与了担轮幼虫初生贝壳的生物合成以及贝壳区边界的确立。  相似文献   

基于ASP.NET MVC的海域海岸带整治修复项目信息管理系统的设计和实现          下载免费PDF全文

于新宇  李家  郝杰  闫吉顺 《海洋开发与管理》2018,35(2):71-73+93

文章在国家大力开展海域海岸带整治修复的背景下,利用Visual Studio 2013开发平台和SQL Server 2014数据库软件,采用ASP.NET MVC架构设计海域海岸带整治修复项目信息管理系统,实现整治修复项目信息的快速录入,并可进行查询、展示和互动等操作。相比传统信息管理系统,本系统大大提高了可维护性、可扩展性、灵活性和封装性,可促进我国海域海岸带整治修复项目信息管理实现现代化。  相似文献   

杭州湾中部实测波浪特性分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨斌  杨忠良  叶钦  张俊彪  施伟勇 《海洋工程》2018,36(3):96-103

利用杭州湾中部一年实测波浪资料,分析该地区的波参数统计变化特性,采用最小二乘法拟合得出相关参数之间的关系式,并统计分析了频谱特性。结果表明:杭州湾中部以小浪和轻浪为主,在各月分布较为均匀,年平均周期为2.97 s;最大一次波浪过程为冷空气影响所致,影响强度大于台风莫拉克;常浪向分布在东北至东南向,其中又以小浪出现较多,对应的波周期以2~4 s为主;强浪向主要分布在西北和东北方向,对应的波周期主要分布在3~5 s;多数特征波参数之间相关关系较好;由谱分析得知风浪占多数,且以单峰为主。研究结果可为相关工程和理论研究提供基础资料。  相似文献   

The bivalve Lembulus bicuspidatus may enhance denitrification in shelf sediment at the Angola–Benguela Frontal Zone     

A Neumann  A Flohr 《African Journal of Marine Science》2018,40(1):91-96

We collected living individuals of the bivalve Lembulus bicuspidatus, which shows an unusual preference for the oxygen-deficient habitat found at the Angola–Benguela Frontal Zone of the southeastern Atlantic. With a series of incubation experiments with ¹⁵N-labelled nitrate as a tracer in combination with membrane-inlet mass spectrometry, we studied the potential contribution of L. bicuspidatus to nitrate reduction in the upper sediment layer. Our preliminary results suggest that L. bicuspidatus enhances nitrate reduction if the oxygen concentration is sufficiently low. The Lembulus-mediated nitrate reduction rate is then similar to the rate of microbial nitrate reduction in the surrounding sediment.  相似文献