Local tomography troposphere model over mountains area   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Witold Rohm  Jaroslaw Bosy   《Atmospheric Research》2009,93(4):777-783

The term GNSS meteorology refers to the utilization of the Global Navigation Satellite System's (GNSS) radio signals to derive information about the state of the troposphere. GNSS tomography allows to resolve the spatial structure and temporal behavior of the tropospheric water vapor. This paper presents the verification of GNSS tomography over dense local GNSS network. The paper addresses the problem of obtaining a stable tomographic solution from an ill-conditioned system of linear equations. The main interests are in suitable horizontal and vertical resolution in given conditions. Here the Moore–Penrose pseudo inverse of variance–covariance matrix is used. The minimum constraints solution is obtained with no additional assumptions. The results are validated with the help of simulated weather conditions. Three various scenarios are tested. As general output of this paper the optimal model construction scheme is presented with possible further improvements. The verification of the tomography model based on the local GPS KARKONOSZE, situated in the Karkonosze mountains area in Poland.  相似文献   

Improvement of surface albedo simulations over arid regions     

鲍艳  吕世华  张宇  孟宪红  杨胜朋 《大气科学进展》2008,25(3):481-488

To improve the simulation of the surface radiation budget and related thermal processes in arid regions, three sophisticated surface albedo schemes designed for such regions were incorporated into the Biosphere- Atmosphere Transfer Scheme （BATS）. Two of these schemes are functions of the solar zenith angle （SZA）, where the first one has one adjustable parameter defined as SZA1 scheme, and the second one has two empirical parameters defined as SZA2 scheme. The third albedo scheme is a function of solar angle and soil water that were developed based on arid-region observations from the Dunhuang field experiment （DHEX） （defined as DH scheme）. We evaluated the performance of the original and newly-incorporated albedo schemes within BATS using the in-situ data from the Oasis System Energy and Water Cycle Field Experiment that was carried out in JinTa, Gansu arid area （JTEX）. The results indicate that a control run by the original version of the BATS generates a constant albedo, while the SZA1 and SZA2 schemes basically can reproduce the observed diurnal cycle of surface albedo, although these two schemes still underestimate the albedo when SZA is high in the early morning and late afternoon, and overestimate it when SZA is low during noontime. The SZA2 scheme has a better overall performance than the SZA1 scheme. In addition, BATS with the DH scheme slightly improves the albedo simulation in magnitude as compared to that from the control run, but a diurnal cycle of albedo is not produced by this scheme. The SZA1 and SZA2 schemes significantly increase the surface absorbed solar radiation by nearly 70 W m^-2, which further raises the ground temperature by 6 K and the sensible heat flux by 35 W m^-2. The increased solar radiation, heat flux, and temperature are more consistent with the observations that those from the control run. However, a significant improvement in these three variables is not found in BATS with the DH scheme due to the neglect of the diurnal cycle of albedo. Further analysis indi  相似文献   

基于GPS双频P码伪距进行单点定位研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

张民伟  郭际明  黄全义 《地理空间信息》2005,3(3):21-22

主要研究GPS单点定位中减弱电离层延迟和对流层延迟的方法,基于双频精码伪距观测值P1和P2的组合来消除电离层延迟,采用对流层模型UNB3来计算对流层延迟,并通过实例来验证这种方法的定位精度。  相似文献   

微波时间传递精度和时延分析     

车爱霞 《时间频率学报》2009,32(1):12-17

分析了引起微波时间传递系统时延变化的原因和单向及双向时间传递比对精度;分析表明,根据微波双向时间比对的长期测量数据可对搬钟实验得到的时延值进行修正,采用该修正结果可减小单向时间比对的误差。  相似文献   

同步卫星运动引起时延测量值变化的特性     

师万辉 《时间频率学报》1993,(2)

讨论了陕西天文台卫星电视传递时间频率系统所测得的时延值变化特性,依据实测数值给出时延值日变化的模式并与实际结果做了比较。把连续6天这个模式的结果再进行二次多项式回归,可以预报后6天的时延值,精度为几微秒。  相似文献   

Assessment of time-series of troposphere zenith delays derived from the Global Data Assimilation System numerical weather model     

Constantin-Octavian Andrei  Ruizhi Chen 《GPS Solutions》2009,13(2):109-117

Troposphere zenith path delays derived from the Global Data Assimilation System (GDAS) numerical weather model (NWM) are compared with those of the International GNSS Service (IGS) solutions over a 1.5-year period at 18 globally distributed IGS stations. Meteorological parameters can be interpolated from the NWM model at any location and at any time after December 2004. The meteorological parameters extracted from the NWM model agree with in situ direct measurements at some IGS stations within 1 mbar for pressure, 3° for temperature and 13% for relative humidity. The hydrostatic and wet components of the zenith path delay (ZPD) are computed using the meteorological parameters extracted from the NWM model. The total ZPDs derived from the GDAS NWM agree with the IGS ZPD solutions at 3.0 cm RMS level with biases of up to 4.5 cm, which can be attributed to the wet ZPDs estimates from the NWM model, considering the less accurate interpolated relative humidity parameter. Based on this study, it is suggested that the availability and the precision of the GDAS NWM ZPD should be sufficient for nearly all GPS navigation solutions.

Constantin-Octavian AndreiEmail:

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光电辨认机电子线路的设计     

邹兴长 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》1988,(3)

放大器,脉冲幅度鉴别器和由移位寄存器组成的延时器,是光电辨认机电子线路的主要组成部分。在简要地介绍了该机整体电子线路的基础上,本文分析了前置放大器的输入耦合方式,高增益,低漂移问题,鉴别器自稳零电路和延时器电路。研究了电路参数与整机性能之间的关系。提出了这些参数的选择原则。  相似文献   

提高增强系统电离层延迟改正数估计的方法研究     

王明诚  马煦  瞿稳科 《全球定位系统》2006,31(6):10-15

在对中国建立的GPS广域增强系统相关理论进行分析和研究的基础上，对广域增强系统的组成和基本原理进行了分析和研究，探讨了传统差分增强系统存在的缺点，在汲取已有研究成果和相关理论的基础上，研究了与电离层延迟改正数相关的理论和计算模型，以及在单参考站情况下提高和改善电离层延迟估计的模型和理论方法，设计的算法模型成功实现了电离层延迟和频率间偏差的分离和估计，最后通过对观测数据的分析和仿真处理，验证了设计模型的合理性，取得了预期效果。  相似文献   

Study on shear wave splitting in the after- shock region of the Yao′an earthquake in 2000     

王新岭  刘杰  张国民  马宏生  王辉 《地震学报(英文版)》2006,(2)

Introduction Rock microcracks in the crust play very important roles in all kinds of geophysical phe-nomenon variation (Aki et al, 1970; Crampin et al, 1980). The medium anisotropy of the upper crust has been studied extensively, mostly based on analysis on shear wave splitting from local earthquakes. Commonly, explanation for the upper crust anisotropy is the assumed ″extensive di-latancy anisotropy″ (Crampin, 1978) or its modified version ″anisotropic poroelasticity″ (Crampin and Zatse…  相似文献   

The M 2 ocean tide loading wave in Alaska: vertical and horizontal displacements, modelled and observed     

Shfaqat Abbas Khan  Hans-Georg Scherneck 《Journal of Geodesy》2003,77(3-4):117-127

Crustal deformations caused by surface load due to ocean tides are strongly dependent on the surface load closest to the observation site. In order to correctly model this ocean loading effect near irregular coastal areas, a high-resolution coastline is required. A test is carried out using two GPS sites located in Alaska, where the ocean tide loading effect is large and consequently observed easily by relative positioning with GPS. The selected sites are Fair (Fairbanks) and Chi3 (located on an island that separates Prince William Sound from the Gulf of Alaska). Processing of hourly baseline solutions between Fair and Chi3 over a period of 49 days yields a significant ocean tide loading effect. The data are processed using different strategies for the tropospheric delay correction. However, the best results are obtained when 1-h ZTD (Zenith Tropospheric Delay) parameters for hourly solutions are used. In this case ocean tide loading is not absorbed into the ZTD parameters. Hence, ocean tide loading can be well resolved in the GPS data analysis. In addition, the M ₂ ocean tide wave in the Gulf of Alaska has a very large amplitude. Although the horizontal M ₂ ocean tide loading amplitude in general is only about 1/4 of the vertical M ₂ ocean tide loading amplitude, the differential horizontal M ₂ ocean tide loading displacements are nevertheless measurable using differential GPS (DGPS). When using the GOT99.2 ocean tide model and taking the coastal structure into account, the predicted differential vertical M ₂ amplitude and Greenwich phase lag due to ocean tide loading are 19.3 mm and 110.2 degrees respectively, while GPS measurements yield 21.3 ± 1.0 mm and 99.7±2.8 degrees. Similarly, the predicted differential horizontal M ₂ amplitude and Greenwich phase lag (in the north–south direction) are 4.5 mm and –77.0 degrees, while GPS yields 5.4 ± 0.3 mm and –106.3±3.3 degrees. Only the north-south component of the differential horizontal M ₂ ocean tide loading wave is considered, because the east–west component is too small for the processed baseline and not detectable using DGPS.  相似文献