珠江河网横向汊道水面线演变过程及原因探讨——以东平水道为例     

王博芝  杨昊  欧素英  傅林曦  蔡华阳  杨清书 《热带地理》2021,41(2):410-422

基于1960－2016年东平水道三水、紫洞、澜石、浮标厂月均潮差、余水位数据及三水、马口站月均流量数据,以1993年三水－马口分流比突变为切入口,探讨余水位坡度及潮波衰减率等径－潮动力改变下,东平水道水面线与余水位曲率的时空演变特征及其影响因素。结果表明：东平水道在1993年三水分流比剧增之后,1）余水位坡度或潮波衰减率与流量的双累积曲线斜率下降,即余水位坡度或潮波衰减率对流量的依赖性减弱;2）东平水道水面坡度整体下降且上游（紫洞－三水河段）降幅最大,不同季节坡度的变化率介于-67%~-4%,水面线由下凹转为上凸,即曲率由正转负。同时,曲率波动幅度明显减弱,1993年前曲率波动介于2×10^-10~5.48×10^-10,而1993年后波动介于-0.9×10^-10~-0.07×10^-10。上述曲率变化在冬季较夏季显著;3）上述水面线异变的主要原因为,东平水道中上游河道挖沙导致河床地形大幅下切、水位下降、来水量增大,且同时期的航道疏浚加剧这一变化;下游主要受滩涂围垦影响,河道淤浅。以上地形变化导致河道中游径、潮流量增大,径－潮双向顶托使水面线转变为上凸型。受北江上游飞来峡水库调蓄影响以及过水断面宽深比、海平面变化等季节性调节作用,东平水道冬季水面线及曲率变化较夏季显著。  相似文献   

基于COSI-Corr技术的龙羊峡库区1987—2019年风沙输移特征及潜在入库量估算     

邵梅  罗万银  车雪华  王芳  逯军峰  邹松兵 《中国沙漠》2021,41(6):249-261

风沙活动威胁着龙羊峡水库的安全运营,查清沙害来源和入库量对于防治水患和沙害具有重要意义。基于1987、1995、2003、2013、2019年的Landsat卫星影像,利用COSI-Corr技术监测了龙羊峡库区不同时空的沙丘移动特征,并重新评估库区近32 a的潜在风沙入库量。结果显示：（1）1987—2019年龙羊峡库区沙丘平均移动速率为5.81 m·a^-1,呈先加速（1987—2003年）后减速（2003—2013年）再加速（2013—2019年）趋势;沙丘移动方向在132.81°—165.82°范围内,与该区主风向一致。（2）近32 a向龙羊峡水库输送的潜在风沙量可达7.82×10⁷ m3（1.20×10⁸ t）。上风向塔拉滩潜在输送量为7.38×10⁷ m3（1.14×10⁸ t）,下风向木格滩仅贡献了0.44×10⁷ m3（0.68×10⁷ t）。（3）库区内风沙输移受风况、气候、植被等多种因素的影响,在未来全球变暖条件下,青藏高原的风沙活动将会持续发展,风沙入库量的长期累计效应将对水库安全构成严重威胁,必须引起足够重视。  相似文献   

Geographical Variation and Influencing Factors of Spartina alterniflora Expansion Rate in Coastal China     

ZHANG Danhua  HU Yuanman  LIU Miao  CHANG Yu  SUN Lishuang 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2020,(1):127-141

Biological invasion poses a huge threat to ecological security.Spartina alterniflora was introduced into China in 1979,and its arrival corresponded with negative effects on native ecosystems.To explore geographical variation of its expansion rate in coastal China,we selected 43 S.alterniflora sites from Tianjin Coastal New Area to Beihai.The area expansion rate,expansion rate paralleling and vertical to the shoreline were analysed based on Landsat images and field survey in 2015.Simple Ocean Data Assimilation(SODA)and climate data were collected to statistically analyse the influential factors of expansion rate.Results showed that significant difference of S.alterniflora area expansion rate among different latitude zones(P<0.01),increasing from 6.08%at southern(21°N–23°N)to 19.87% in Bohai Bay(37°N–39°N)along latitude gradient.There was a significant difference in expansion rate vertical to shoreline in different latitude zones(P<0.01)with the largest occurring in Bohai Bay(256m/yr,37°N–39°N),and showed an decreasing tendency gradually from north to south.No significant difference and latitudinal clines in expansion rate paralleling to shoreline were observed.Expansion rate had significant negative correlation with mean seawater temperature,the lowest seawater temperature,current zonal velocity and meridional velocity and presented a reducing trend as these biotic factors increased;however,they were not significantly correlated with the highest seawater temperature and mean seawater salinity.We identified significant correlations between expansion rate and annual mean temperature,the lowest temperature in January and annual precipitation,but there was little correlation with annual diurnal difference in temperature and the highest temperature in July.The rapid expansion rate in high-latitude China demonstrated a higher risk of potential invasion in the north;dynamic monitoring and control management should be established as soon as possible.  相似文献   

耦合手机信令数据和房价数据的城市不同经济水平人群行为活动模式研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

关庆锋  任书良  姚尧  梁迅  周剑锋  袁泽皓  戴良洋 《地球信息科学学报》2020,22(1):100-112

有效分析城市不同经济水平人群的分布特征和活动模式对优化城市资源配置和揭示空间隔离现象有着极高的价值。但人群活动和社会经济等级数据较敏感,使得以往研究仅停留在宏观层面,难以合理划分人群经济等级并对其空间分布和活动模式进行定量分析。本研究以深圳为研究区,基于空间位置关联分析方法,耦合手机信令数据和细尺度房价数据实现了人群经济水平的准确划分,通过计算活动指标定量的分析了不同经济水平人群的空间分布和行为活动特征。研究表明：深圳市不同经济水平人群活动分布与各行政区经济发展相关,呈现“南高北低,西高东低”的格局;深圳市不同经济水平人群之间活动模式存在差异,活动范围、出行距离、出行速度与经济水平存在正向相关;高经济水平人群职住地点相距较远,存在跨行政区分布的现象。本研究分析了城市不同经济水平人群的空间分布特征和活动模式,对城市规划和解决社会不平等问题具有重要的参考价值。  相似文献   

Microphysical Characteristics of Extreme-Rainfall Convection over the Pearl River Delta Region,South China from Polarimetric Radar Data during the Pre-summer Rainy Season     

Hao HUANG  Kun ZHAO  Johnny C.L.CHAN  Dongming HU 《大气科学进展》2023,40(5):874-886

During the pre-summer rainy season, heavy rainfall occurs frequently in South China. Based on polarimetric radar observations, the microphysical characteristics and processes of convective features associated with extreme rainfall rates(ERCFs) are examined. In the regions with high ERCF occurrence frequency, sub-regional differences are found in the lightning flash rate(LFR) distributions. In the region with higher LFRs, the ERCFs have larger volumes of high reflectivity factor above the freezin...  相似文献   

基于全球闪电定位网的江淮闪电定位网探测效率分析：以台风“利奇马”为例     

郑嘉怡  陆高鹏  刘非凡  任欢  彭康铭  王庸平  祝宝友 《热带气象学报》2023,(1):129-138

基于全球闪电定位网(World Wide Lightning Location Network,WWLLN)获取的闪电定位资料对江淮闪电定位网(Jianghuai Area Sferic Array,JASA)在内陆及近海区域的闪电实时探测性能进行评估。通过对2019年第9号超强台风“利奇马”期间产生的闪电活动进行对比分析,发现JASA和WWLLN对台风闪电的径向分布、时间变化和空间变化有较好的一致性,绝大部分闪电发生在云顶亮温小于220 K区域;在台风发展阶段,内核区闪电活动较为频繁,在台风成熟和消亡阶段时,闪电主要分布外雨带,内核区的闪电活动少但集中。在探测效率方面,JASA对江淮区域实时定位到的闪电数远多于WWLLN,相对探测效率和绝对探测效率分别为69.12%和92.51%。而在海洋区域(114～130°E,20～24°N和123～130°E,24～32°N),由于受到JASA站点位置分布的限制,闪电实时定位数略少于WWLLN,其相对探测效率和绝对探测效率分别为32.67%和52.26%。研究结果表明了JASA对内陆及近海区域雷暴具备较强的捕获能力,为实时监测台风期间强对流闪电...  相似文献   

多卫星系统融合精密单点定位性能分析     

杨松  张显云  杜宁  鲍新雪  刘芳诚 《测绘工程》2017,26(6)

随着全球四大卫星导航系统格局的成型,卫星定位系统已从单系统模式发展为如今多系统、多频率融合定位、交互操作的模式。在分析多系统精密单点定位模型及各误差项处理策略的基础上,利用RTKLIB进行GPS,GLONASS,GALILEO,BDS多系统融合精密单点定位试验,并分析其动/静态定位性能。实验结果表明:在单系统空间几何构型较差的情况下,多系统融合精密单点定位较单GPS定位精度可提高20%~40%,收敛时间可缩短35%~50%;在截止高度角超过40°的情况下,单系统会因可见卫星数量不足而无法完成连续定位,而多系统仍能实现高精度的连续定位。这在城区、山区或卫星遮蔽较严重的不利环境中有重要的利用价值。  相似文献   

A MODELING STUDY OF PARAMETERIZATION SCHEMES FOR DEPOSITIONAL GROWTH OF ICE CRYSTAL: FOUR RAINFALL CASES OVER TROPICS AND MIDLATITUDES     

辛进  李小凡 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2017,23(3):259-268

Depositional growth of ice crystal is one of the major processes for development of precipitation systems and can be represented by depositional growth of cloud ice from cloud water (PIDW) and depositional growth of snow from cloud ice (PSFI) in cloud-resolving model. Four parameterization schemes are analyzed in the cloud-resolving model simulations of four rainfall cases over the tropics and midlatitudes. The comparison of time and model domain mean data shows that Shen’s scheme produces the closest rainfall simulation to the observation. Compared to Zeng’s scheme, Shen’s scheme improves the mean rain-rate simulation significantly through the dramatic decrease in depositional growth of cloud ice from cloud water. Compared to other schemes, Shen’s scheme produces the better rainfall simulation via the reduction in the mean rain rate associated with the enhanced gain of cloud water and ice.  相似文献   

THE CONTRASTS BETWEEN STRONG AND WEAK MJO ACTIVITY OVER THE EQUATORIAL WESTERN PACIFIC IN WINTER     

陈雄  李崇银  谭言科  郭文华 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2017,23(2):133-145

This paper investigates the contrasts between strong and weak Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) activity over the equatorial western Pacific during winter using the NCEP reanalysis data. It is shown that the MJO over the equatorial western Pacific in winter shows significant interannual and interdecadal variabilities. During the winters with strong MJO activity, an anomalous cyclonic circulation lies east of the Philippines, strong anomalous easterlies control the equatorial eastern Pacific, and anomalous westerlies extend from the Indian Ocean to the western Pacific in the lower troposphere, which strengthens the convergence and convection over the equatorial western Pacific. The moisture convergence in the lower troposphere is also enhanced over the western Pacific, which is favorable to the activity of MJO. Eastward propagation is a significant feature of the MJO, though there is some westward propagation. The space-time spectral power and center period of the MJO are higher during strong MJO activity winters. The anomalous activity of MJO is closely related to the sea surface temperature (SST) and East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM). During strong MJO activity winters, there are positive/negative anomalies at high/low latitudes in both sea level pressure and 500 hPa geopotential height, and the temperature is lower over the central part of the Chinese mainland, which indicates a strong EAWM. China experiences more rainfall between the Yellow and Yangtze Rivers, but less rainfall south of the Yangtze River. The SSTA is negative near the Taiwan Island due to the impact of strong EAWM and shows a La Ni?a pattern anomaly over the eastern Pacific. During the weak MJO activity winters, the situation is reversed.  相似文献   

基于加密探空资料对不同海拔高度台站边界层大气的对比分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

卢萍  杨康权  李英 《大气科学》2017,41(6):1234-1245

本文利用中国气象局成都高原气象研究所西南涡加密观测试验获取的探空资料及地面台站资料,对比分析了高原东侧的四川省境内不同海拔高度台站的边界层特征,结果表明:高海拔地区地表大气受陆面的影响更为剧烈,日变化幅度更大,且极值出现时间更早。温度/比湿/风速的差异都主要体现在低层边界层大气中,越靠近地面,差异越显著。其中,温度递减率在02:00（北京时,下同）最小,14:00最大,高海拔测站受陆面影响的大气层厚度比低海拔测站大,低海拔测站在近地层300 m以下大气中存在明显的逆温现象。14:00近地层大气的比湿最小,午夜02:00近地层大气的比湿最大,高海拔地区低层大气的平均比湿递减率小于低海拔地区。高海拔地区风速日变化幅度大,4个时次的风速廓线形态差异也大;低海拔地区风速变化幅度小,4个时次的风速廓线形态也比较一致。高海拔台站地表大气的日变化幅度大,极值出现时间略早。  相似文献