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101.
Ritta Niinioja Anna-Liisa Holopainen Liisa Lepist Anita Rm Jouko Turkka 《Limnologica》2004,34(1-2):154
Lake Pyhäjärvi, on the border between Finland and Russia in Karelia, is a very valuable clear-water lake of the Lobelia type. It belongs to the European Union's Natura 2000 programme in Finland, and has been included in regional and national monitoring programmes since the 1960s. The main monitoring station is situated near the outlet of the lake. Deterioration of its water quality was suspected already in the 1980s because of decreasing Secchi depths (transparency) and increasing chlorophyll a.The occurrence of algal blooms on the lakeshores is monitored weekly during each summer at one site on Lake Pyhäjärvi (site 1). This is a part of nationwide intensive algae monitoring programme organised by the environmental authorities together with voluntary observers at some 270 lake sites in Finland since 1998. Since 1997, Secchi depth observations have been carried out by volunteers biweekly or monthly at 17 sites on the lake. In the vicinity of one of these transparency observation sites (station 100), intensive monitoring of algae has been carried out. At this lakeshore monitoring site 69 algal observations were made, ten of which recorded algal blooms during the study period 1998–2002. The observed algal blooms were caused by algae of the Anabaena species, mainly by Anabaena lemmermannii. At Lake Pyhäjärvi the number of algal bloom observations received from the public have decreased from the 1990s to the 2000s. The range of Secchi disc transparency was 5.0–8.4 m with a mean value of 6.2 m at station 100 and 4.3–7.7 m (mean 6.1 m) at the main monitoring station 2 during the open water periods in 1998–2002. During this study period, the maximum values at site 100 seem to have increased slightly, which might indicate some improvement in the water quality due to decreased point source loading.We conclude that the intensive algal monitoring results of 5 years at the lakeshore site and the transparency results — both compiled by trained volunteers — reflect an improvement in the state of Lake Pyhäjärvi in Karelia. This conclusion is in accordance with the long-term water quality and short-core studies of sedimentary diatoms in Lake Pyhäjärvi. We suggest that the intensive algal observations and transparency measurements are both suitable methods for the monitoring of lakeshores and lakes, and that both are suitable for voluntary monitoring. We found public participation a good tool for monitoring lakes and lakeshores. 相似文献
102.
中国新疆博斯腾湖全新世沉积环境年代学特征 总被引:18,自引:1,他引:18
通过对博斯腾湖沉积物湖芯样品进行137Cs,14C-AMS测年分析,湖芯剖面上有明显的1986年的切尔诺贝利核事故蓄积峰,以及1975年和1963年次蓄积峰,这些137Cs蓄积峰对博斯腾湖现代沉积有明显的时标意义。通过质量深度与年代分析,博斯腾湖的沉积速率相对稳定,平均沉积速率为0.13±0.01g/cm2.a。与14C年代获得的中全新世以来的平均沉积速率0.13±0.03cm/a和0.12±0.05cm/a相似,表明博斯腾湖中全新世以来的沉积环境较稳定,并且也说明14C-AMS测年分析所得的结果较为可靠,可以利用博斯腾湖沉积物样品测定的14C年代进行线性回归作年代校正,由于湖泊沉积物中老碳效应的影响,博斯腾湖沉积物有机质14C测年偏老约650a左右。 相似文献
103.
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105.
鄱阳湖区平垸行洪、退田还湖后的防洪减灾形势分析 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
根据鄱阳湖区“退田还湖”的实际资料,采用洪水模拟的方法分析计算出“退田还湖”降低湖口站洪水位和减少1954年洪水超额分洪量,分析了“退田还湖”后鄱阳湖区的防洪减灾形势,提出应继续加强对鄱阳湖区防洪工程的建设,探讨了“退田还湖”后江湖洪水关系的变化趋势。 相似文献
106.
根据野外水准测量与室内实验分析,本文探讨了西藏纳木错和藏北高原古大湖晚更新世以来的湖泊演化和气候变迁。在纳木错沿岸拔湖48m以下,发育了6级湖岸阶地,拔湖48-139.2m发育有高位湖相沉积。研究表明,纳木错湖泊发育与藏北高原东南部古大湖演化可划分为3个阶段:①116-37ka B.P.间的古大湖期;②37-30ka B.P.间的外流湖期;③30kaB.P.以来的纳木错期。在古大湖阶段,包括纳木错、色林错和扎日南木错、当惹雍错等藏北高原东南部的一大批现代大、中、小型湖泊,都是互相连通的一个古大湖,其范围可能超过了现代的藏北内、外流(怒江)水系的分水岭。它或许还与藏北高原南部和西部的其他古湖相连,成为统一的藏北高原“古大湖”。通过对纳木错湖相沉积形成时代与深海氧同位素对比,易溶盐、pH值、地球化学、介形类和孢粉分析等的综合研究发现,湖相沉积记录了自晚更新世以来的湖泊演化和气候变迁信息。资料显示古大湖期湖面最高,气候温和清爽;外流湖期湖面急剧下降,气温和湿度较现今略高;纳木错期以来气候经历了全新世最宜期的暖湿后日益干旱化,气温波动,湖面持续下降。表明自晚更新世以来该区气候在逐渐变干的总趋势的基础上,经历了多次明显的冷暖与干湿波动。 相似文献
107.
Determination and application of the weights for landslide susceptibility mapping using an artificial neural network 总被引:38,自引:0,他引:38
The purpose of this study is the development, application, and assessment of probability and artificial neural network methods for assessing landslide susceptibility in a chosen study area. As the basic analysis tool, a Geographic Information System (GIS) was used for spatial data management and manipulation. Landslide locations and landslide-related factors such as slope, curvature, soil texture, soil drainage, effective thickness, wood type, and wood diameter were used for analyzing landslide susceptibility. A probability method was used for calculating the rating of the relative importance of each factor class to landslide occurrence. For calculating the weight of the relative importance of each factor to landslide occurrence, an artificial neural network method was developed. Using these methods, the landslide susceptibility index (LSI) was calculated using the rating and weight, and a landslide susceptibility map was produced using the index. The results of the landslide susceptibility analysis, with and without weights, were confirmed from comparison with the landslide location data. The comparison result with weighting was better than the results without weighting. The calculated weight and rating can be used to landslide susceptibility mapping. 相似文献
108.
ZulkifliNasution MashhorMansor 《湿地科学》2004,2(2):104-109
Situated at an elevation of 905 m above sea level in the Province of North Sumatra, Lake Toba and its surrounding landscapes are regarded as a natural heritage in a certain extent, as a quoted national treasure. Unfortunately degradation of the land and water resources in the watershed along Lake Toba is taking place at an alarming and totally unacceptable rate. The quality of the lake is partly depended on input the quality of the rivers. When compared to the control area the water quality that influenced by the piggeries are highly polluted. It can be concluded that the Salbe River at the downstream of the piggeries has been polluted and apparently it is a serious problem to the catchment area management. It should be noted that the polluted river would influence the water quality of the Lake Toba. Based on calculation, the permissible BOD5 according to B- river standard is 238 mg/L, it means the river still in B standard but the condition and quality are decreasing continuously. Following the Indonesian health standard the permissible BOD is - 461 mg/L. It means BOD in the river should be reduced 461 mg/L or clean program is needed. 相似文献
109.
110.
GIS自产生至今30多年来,世界各国都竞相开展GIS技术研究和应用开发,使其得到了迅速的发展,已形成较为完整的理论体系和大批实用系统,并已在社会各专业领域得到广泛应用并产生了巨大效益,目前,开始朝着产业化、集成化、智能化和社会化的方向发展。随着3S技术的集成应用,人们对GIS的运行效率及其深入的应用提出了更高的要求,地理信息智能化处理已成为地图学和GIS建设必须解决的问题,也是GIS发展的必然方向。在地理信息处理中采用人工智能技术,发展智能GIS或者专家GIS,是解决复杂地学问题的重要途径,也是目前GIS最吸引人的一个应用方向。目前在地理信息处理的许多领域都在使用人工智能技术,比如地图模式识别、地理数据的自动分类、地学专家系统、智能GIS、空间数据挖掘等。本文通过对当前地理信息智能化处理技术发展现状的阐述,旨在探索人工智能在地理信息处理中的应用前景。 相似文献