An experimental study on water entry of asymmetric wedges     

《Applied Ocean Research》2016

The aim of the paper is to provide an experimental reference for investigation of asymmetric water entry of wedges. Parameters of the study include initial deadrise angle, inclination angle and impact speed. Initial deadrise angles of the wedges were 20° and 30° with inclination angles ranging from 0° to 15° in 5° increments. Wedges were freely fallen from three different heights. Time histories of impact pressure and body acceleration were recorded. Sampling rate of measurements were set to 25 KHz. Main configuration of each test including mass of the wedge and water level were kept unchanged during all experiments. Additionally, several calibration tests were conducted to assess the repeatability and accuracy of the recorded data. The experimental results are compared with different entry theories and other available experiments. The comparison shows a reasonable agreement and indicates that the inclination angle can dramatically affect the impact pressure experienced by the wedges. Finally, the results show that the traditional asymmetric theories are not appropriate for all inclination angles.  相似文献   

Fracture characteristics in Cretaceous platform and overlying ramp carbonates: An outcrop study from Maiella Mountain (central Italy)     

《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2016

This article focuses on field- and laboratory-based characterization of vertically persistent fractures that are part of oblique-slip normal fault zones and crosscut the Cretaceous platform and overlaying ramp carbonates outcropping at Maiella Mountain (central Italy). The achieved results show that: (i) fault damage zones are wider and more densely fractured in the platform carbonates than in the ramp ones; (ii) joints and sheared joints composing the fault damage zones are taller, better connected and less spaced within the former rocks than in the ramp carbonates. The aforementioned structural differences are interpreted to be a consequence of the different mechanical properties of the platform and ramp carbonates during failure. At Maiella Mountain, platform carbonates are, indeed, made up of overall stiffer (higher Uniaxial Compressive Strength values) and less porous rocks, due to more abundant intergranular void-filling cement and presence of matrix.In terms of hydrocarbon flow and recovery, geometric and dimensional attributes of fractures suggest that the well-connected network of closely spaced fractures cutting across the platform carbonates may form efficient pathways for both vertical and horizontal hydrocarbon flow. In contrast, the relatively poorly connected and low-density fracture network affecting the ramp carbonates is likely less efficient in providing fairways for flowing hydrocarbons.  相似文献   

Faults in the Baikal region: morphostructural and structure-genetic features (case study of the Buguldeika fault junction)     

A.V. Cheremnykh  A.S. Cheremnykh  A.A. Bobrov 《Russian Geology and Geophysics》2018,59(9):1100-1108

Lineament analysis is applied to map the pattern of the Obruchev fault system in the Buguldeika Village area, where several fault zones (Olkhon, Primorsky, Prikhrebtovyi, Buguldeika, and Kurtun) make up a junction. As inferred from the predominant directions of genetically related lineaments, the Olkhon, Primorsky, and Prikhrebtovyi faults originated under NW-SE extension and compression. The extension and compression settings within these zones are reconstructed by analysis of lineaments that have prominent and poor geomorphic expression, respectively. However, the pattern of lineaments well expressed in the surface topography within a weakly deformed block corresponds to reverse slip, while that of poorly pronounced lineaments corresponds to left-lateral strike slip. The study confirms the idea that the latest extension (rifting) stage in the Baikal region reactivated fault zones but did not deform blocks. The blocks store record of residual deformation produced by previous settings of regional compression and shear. The obtained results agree with earlier tectonophysical analysis of faults and fractures in the area and prove the applicability of the suggested approach to map the fault patterns and reconstruct their respective stress settings in areas that underwent multiple deformation events of different ages.  相似文献   

页岩压裂影响因素三维模型数值分析     

张健  张国祥  王金意 《江苏地质》2018,42(1):127-130

不同影响因素对页岩水力压裂效果有不同的影响。基于三维数值计算模型介绍了水力压裂的典型过程,针对水平最小主应力、页岩的弹性模量和渗透系数对压裂的影响进行了分析。结果表明:随着水平最小主应力的增加,裂缝高度也随之增加;随着页岩的弹性模量增加,裂缝的高度随之降低;随着渗透系数的增加,裂缝高度也随之增加;随着压裂液的黏度系数提高,裂缝的高度降低。  相似文献   

Development Phases and Mechanisms of Tectonic Fractures in the Longmaxi Formation Shale of the Dingshan Area in Southeast Sichuan Basin, China     

FAN Cunhui  HE Shun  ZHANG Yu  QIN Qirong  ZHONG Cheng 《《地质学报》英文版》2018,92(6):2351-2366

Shale gas has currently attracted much attention during oil and gas exploration and development. Fractures in shale have an important influence on the enrichment and preservation of shale gas. This work studied the developmental period and formation mechanism of tectonic fractures in the Longmaxi Formation shale in the Dingshan area of ??southeastern Sichuan Basin based on extensive observations of outcrops and cores, rock acoustic emission (Kaiser) experiments, homogenization temperature of fracture fill inclusions, apatite fission track, thermal burial history. The research shows that the fracture types of the Longmaxi Formation include tectonic fractures, diagenetic fractures and horizontal slip fractures. The main types are tectonic high-angle shear and horizontal slip fractures, with small openings, large spacing, low densities, and high degrees of filling. Six dominant directions of the fractures after correction by plane included NWW, nearly SN, NNW, NEE, nearly EW and NW. The analysis of field fracture stage and fracture system of the borehole suggests that the fractures in the Longmaxi Formation could be paired with two sets of plane X-shaped conjugate shear fractures, i.e., profile X-shaped conjugate shear fractures and extension fractures. The combination of qualitative geological analysis and quantitative experimental testing techniques indicates that the tectonic fractures in the Longmaxi Formation have undergone three periods of tectonic movement, namely mid-late Yanshanian movement (82–71.1 Ma), late Yanshanian and middle Himalaya movements (71.1–22.3 Ma), and the late Himalayan movement (22.3–0 Ma). The middle-late period of the Yanshanian movement and end of the Yanshanian movement-middle period of the Himalayan movement were the main fracture-forming periods. The fractures were mostly filled with minerals, such as calcite and siliceous. The homogenization temperature of fracture fill inclusions was high, and the paleo-stress value was large; the tectonic movement from the late to present period was mainly a slight transformation and superposition of existing fractures and tectonic systems. Based on the principle of tectonic analysis and theory of geomechanics, we clarified the mechanism of the fractures in the Longmaxi Formation, and established the genetic model of the Longmaxi Formation. The research on the qualitative and quantitative techniques of the fracture-phase study could be effectively used to analyze the causes of the marine shale gas fractures in the Sichuan Basin. The research findings and results provide important references and technical support for further exploration and development of marine shale gas in South China.  相似文献   

测井地质学前世、今生与未来——写在《测井地质学·第二版》出版之时     

赖锦  王贵文  庞小娇  韩宗晏  李栋  赵仪迪  王松  江程舟  李红斌  黎雨航 《地质论评》2021,67(5):67060005-67060005

测井地质学以地质学和测井学的方法理论为指导,综合运用各种测井信息,来解决基础地质和石油地质的地质问题。经过数十年发展,测井地质学在油气勘探开发各个环节得到广泛应用。非常规油气的兴起使得测井地质学正面临多重挑战和全新探索,亟需建立针对非常规油气的测井地质学综合方法理论体系。本文以《测井地质学·第二版》出版为契机,系统归纳了测井地质学的起源及发展历程、主要研究内容和研究方法流程。然后总结了测井资料与地震、地质信息的匹配性,并分析了不同探测特性测井方法纵向分辨率区间特征。在此基础上评述了测井地质学在井旁构造解析、沉积学特征研究、层序地层划分、地应力方向判别及大小计算、井壁裂缝识别与评价、烃源岩评价以及非常规油气“七性关系”综合评价当中的应用。但由于测井资料的负载能力有限性、测井与地质信息属性不对应性以及测井资料本身的多解性,使得测井地质学在测井—地质转换、非常规油气测井评价及其与人工智能融合方面还存在一定的问题。因此加强基础岩石物理研究,挖掘测井曲线中包含的地质信息,并与人工智能相结合,将拓展测井地质学研究的精度和广度,从而使其未来可更好地应用至非常规油气测井评价等实践工作中。  相似文献   

冻土机械切削破碎机理的研究进展   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

李龙  周琴  张凯  凌雪  张在兴  李耀 《冰川冻土》2021,43(2):638-649

冻土开挖困难、破碎效率低是高寒地区工程建设、地基施工等面临的技术难题。冻土机械切削破碎是冻土开挖的主要方法,其机理研究是提高冻土破碎效率的前提和基础。首先总结了温度、含水率、围压等对冻土复杂力学特性的影响,进而调研分析了冻土机械切削破碎的典型切削力学模型,发现冻土切削机械破碎模式不仅与冻土力学特性密切相关,也与切削参数和刀具结构直接相关,冻土切削过程中存在着最优的切削前角（30°~60°）,且深切削和浅切削时冻土内部受力方式存在差异也会导致破坏形式的不同;温度、含水率、围压所造成的冻土力学性能变化会直接导致冻土破坏过程和切削破碎机理的改变,冻土强度随着温度降低表现出先升高然后保持稳定的特性,随着含水率升高呈现出先升高后降低的趋势,冻土破碎存在脆性、塑脆过渡及塑性等不同破坏形式。通过系统总结冻土切削破碎机理研究进展,进一步明确了冻土力学性质主要影响因素、变化特点及其切削破坏损伤特征,为冻土机械切削破碎的切削参数和切削具结构优化提供了设计依据。  相似文献   

冲击地压关键层远程区域水力压裂防治技术          下载免费PDF全文

黄澎涛 《探矿工程》2021,48(S1):187-194

针对我国目前冲击地压防治工程人员身处冲击危险区域,无法实现区域先行、超前治理的局面,论文提出了矿井冲击地压关键层远程钻孔水力压裂防治技术。分析了我国冲击地压矿井的地质条件和近几年重大冲击地压灾害的特点,认为华北石炭—二叠系煤田和侏罗系煤田很多冲击地压煤矿煤层上覆地层,普遍发育厚层坚硬的砂岩关键层,能量的释放符合冲击地压形成的“3因素”理论。经论证,关键层脆性强,硬度大,易于压裂,利用水力压裂法解除地应力是合适的;井下长钻孔、地面深孔和地面导斜钻孔的施工技术和钻孔水力压裂技术已成熟,实现远程钻孔水力压裂区域性的防治冲击地压是可行的。工业性试验显示,井下长钻孔顺层分段水力压裂长度可达800 m,水压可达40 MPa,裂缝半径为40 m;地面垂直钻孔分段压裂深度可达3000 m,压裂段高>100 m,压力达80 MPa,裂缝半径为100~200 m;地面导斜钻孔水平顺层段长度达1000 m,压力达80 MPa,裂缝半径为100~150 m;压裂前后煤体应力或支架压力的检测数据对比显示,压裂后的应力较压裂前降低了10 MPa以上,满足区域治理的要求,钻孔远程水力压裂在防治冲击地压上较传统方法具有显著超前优势、区域优势、效率优势、安全优势和环保优势,可以做到冲击地压防治区段的无人化,满足区域先行、超前治理的国家要求。  相似文献   

ZDY12000LD型履带液压钻机机身立柱断裂分析          下载免费PDF全文

李骏  焉忠方  路前海 《探矿工程》2021,48(S1):339-342

钻机立柱是煤矿井下设备工作重要的承载部件,其性能直接影响整车工作的安全性和可靠性。通过建立立柱三维模型,对ZDY12000LD型定向钻机立柱的有限元分析,在最大起拔力下对立柱进行强度校核。将原立柱材料Q345钢改为Q550钢,显著提高了立柱的力学性能,立柱可承受的弯曲应力提高了43%,变形量减小4%,承载能力和安全可靠性显著提高,增强了钻机运行的稳定性、安全性和可靠性。  相似文献   

Fracture Characteristics and Heat Accumulation of Jixianian Carbonate Reservoirs in the Rongcheng Geothermal Field, Xiong’an New Area     

WANG Yingjin  MA Feng  XIE Heping  WANG Guiling  WANG Zhihe 《《地质学报》英文版》2021,95(6):1902-1914

Geothermal energy plays an important role in urban construction of the Xiong’an New Area. Geothermal reservoir fracture distribution of the Mesoproterozoic Jixianian Wumishan Formation (Fm.) carbonate reservoir in the Rongcheng geothermal field are evaluated based on FMI log from Wells D19 and D21. The results show carbonate reservoir fracture density of Well D19 is 15.2/100 m, greater than that of Well D21 with a value of 9.2/100 m. Reservoir porosity and permeability of Well D19 are better than that of Well D21, and the water saturation is bimodally distributed. The movable fluid volume ratio (BVM) of Well D19 is 2% to 8% with some zones exceeding 20%, while the value of Well D21 is less than 4%. Therefore, reservoir fractures in Well D19 are more conducive to fluid flow. Reservoir fractures have a similar occurrence to normal faults, indicating that the tensile stress field controlled the formation of such fractures. Developed reservoir fractures provide a good channel for groundwater convection. The circulation of regional groundwater and the heat exchange between water and rock and the multiple heat accumulation patterns form a stable and high potential heat reservoir in the Rongcheng geothermal field.  相似文献