河流阶地的形成、演变及环境效应   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5  

魏全伟  谭利华  王随继 《地理科学进展》2006,25(3):55-61

河流阶地是河流地貌演变的历史产物, 它记录了河流演变过程中的有关环境变化信息, 是剖析河流历史演变的关键地貌体。本文从河流阶地的地貌特征、形成原因、环境响应和有关测 年技术等方面, 比较全面地论述了河流阶地的发育、演变及其意义, 并对相关问题进行了初步讨 论。认为河流阶地是河流系统和环境综合作用的产物, 对河流阶地的研究可以反演研究区地质构 造、古河流动态及气候等信息, 是揭示研究区环境信息的重要地貌单元。  相似文献   

基于经验参考场地的广义线性反演方法          下载免费PDF全文

傅磊  李小军  陈苏 《地震工程学报》2019,41(5):1290-1298

为了克服广义线性反演方法（GIT）中理想的参考场地难以找到的局限性,本文将四分之一波长法计算的平均场地放大系数和谱衰减法计算的高频衰减参数作为GIT方法的经验参考场地（ERS）。以2008年5月至8月间28个强震动台站记录的95个汶川8.0级地震余震的615组强震动记录为例,通过与其他方法的比较,验证了ERS-GIT的合理性,并讨论了各类方法之间差异的原因。结果显示,ERS-GIT方法、传统GIT方法和非参数化GIT方法计算得到的平均应力降依次为1.15 MPa,0.78 MPa和0.52 MPa;ERS-GIT方法和传统GIT方法得到的品质因子分别为Q（f）=75.02f^1.27和Q（f）=65.56f^1.22。以场地的卓越频率为分界,ERS-GIT方法得到的局部场地响应在长周期和高频部分分别与H/V谱比法和传统GIT方法更为接近。  相似文献   

基于强震动资料的破裂过程快速反演及其自动化的可行性   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

郑绪君  张勇  马强  汪荣江 《地球物理学报》2018,61(10):4021-4036

破裂过程快速反演是目前快速获取地震灾害特征的主要手段之一,是震后应急工作的重要内容.近十年来基于远震资料开展的手动快速反演工作取得了长足进步,但在响应时间方面存在固有的局限,阻碍了反演效率的持续提升.我们根据新近发展的IDS （Iterative Deconvolution and Stacking）自动反演方法,尝试反演近场强震动资料确定破裂过程,探讨破裂过程反演自动化的可行性.对近几年国内发生的强震——包括2013年芦山M_W6.6地震、2016年青海门源M_W5.9地震和2016年新疆阿克陶M_W6.6地震——的应用结果表明,采用IDS方法反演强震数据可以得到稳定可靠的破裂模型,且反演计算时间都控制在几十秒内.此外,以2008年汶川M_W7.9地震为例,测试了不同子断层尺度、截止频率和地壳速度结构模型对反演结果的影响,发现滑动分布主要特征不强烈依赖于反演参数和地壳模型,证实了自动反演的稳定性和很强的适应能力.这一研究表明,基于强震动资料的自动反演可能是破裂过程快速反演的主要发展方向.特别地,在未来强震动台网持续发展、强震动数据的质量和共享速度都得到进一步提高之后,这一工作可望纳入到地震参数的常规自动测定工作中,为震后应急和海域地震的海啸预警提供急需的震源模型.  相似文献   

基于CFD-FEM的浮式结构水弹性响应数值模拟     

刘一  朱仁庆  程勇  谢彤  李润泽 《海洋工程》2020,38(6):24-32

开发并验证了一种基于CFD-FEM耦合的弹性浮体水弹性响应计算模拟方法。采用CFD方法建立黏性数值水池模拟非线性波浪,弹性浮板进行有限元离散,并在交界面进行数据交互实现耦合计算;通过与水池试验数据和三维板理论在各种波浪环境下的浮体垂向位移结果对比,证实CFD-FEM耦合方法的有效性。并进一步研究了浮板的厚度、入射波波幅和浮板的三维效应对浮板水弹性响应的影响。结论表明,波幅的增加会加剧弹性浮板的水弹性响应,浮板各点处的垂向位移随波幅的增加而增大;当浮板厚度改变时,不同厚度浮板自由端处的垂向位移差异较小,而在中部等位置处,厚度对浮板的水弹性响应有较大的影响。  相似文献   

Experimental study on the hydrodynamic performance of rectangular floating breakwater influenced by reef areas     

Jie Cui  Xin Chen  Xiaokang Deng  Chunyan Ji  Qian Li 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2020,38(3):266-276

Abstract

In this paper, series of experimental studies under regular wave actions to investigate the hydrodynamic performance of the rectangular floating breakwater (FB) affected by reefs with different slopes were carried out in a wave flume. The wave transmission coefficients, motion responses and mooring forces can be calculated on the basis of the data obtained from the experiments. A comparative experiment of the only rectangular FB is also conducted. The experimental results reveal that the rectangular FB with different reefs can make more positive effects on wave energy dissipation than that of the only rectangular FB, especially for short-period waves. The characteristics of three degrees of freedom of the rectangular FB affected by reefs are also observed, which can be used to further explain the variation tendency appeared in transmission coefficients. The roll motion of the FB influenced by reefs is intenser than that of the only FB and the changes of slopes have limited effects on the sway motion of the FB. Furthermore, the heave motion of the only rectangular FB is intenser than that of the FB affected by reefs for short-period waves and vice versa for long-period waves.  相似文献   

气候与土地利用变化对汉江流域径流的影响   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

田晶  郭生练  刘德地  陈启会  王强  尹家波  吴旭树  何绍坤 《地理学报》2020,75(11):2307-2318

作为联结大气圈和地圈的纽带,水文循环同时承受气候变化和土地利用/覆被变化（LUCC）的双重影响,然而大多数的水文响应研究主要关注未来气候变化对径流的影响,忽略了未来LUCC的作用。因此,本文的研究目的是评估未来气候变化和LUCC对径流的共同影响。首先采用2种全球气候模式（BCC-CSM1.1和BNU-ESM）输出,基于DBC降尺度模型得到未来气候变化情景;然后,利用CA-Markov模型预测未来LUCC情景;最后,通过设置不同的气候和LUCC情景组合,采用SWAT模型模拟汉江流域的未来径流过程,定量评估气候变化和LUCC对径流的影响。结果表明：① 未来时期汉江流域的年降水量、日最高、最低气温相较于基准期（1966—2005年）,在RCP 4.5和RCP 8.5浓度路径下,分别增加4.0%、1.8 ℃、1.6 ℃和3.7%、2.5 ℃、2.3 ℃;② 2010—2050年间,流域内林地和建设用地的面积占比将分别增加2.8%和1.2%,而耕地和草地面积占比将分别减少1.5%和2.5%;③ 与单一气候变化或LUCC情景相比,气候变化和LUCC共同影响下的径流变化幅度最大,在RCP 4.5和RCP 8.5浓度路径下未来时期年平均径流分别增加5.10%、2.67%,且气候变化对径流的影响显著大于LUCC。本文的研究结果将有助于维护未来气候变化和LUCC共同影响下汉江流域的水资源规划与管理。  相似文献   

土质边坡剖面上动力响应异常点与潜在滑动面位置的关系研究          下载免费PDF全文

任自铭  冯仲林  殷世林 《地震工程学报》2009,31(1):21-25

通过数值分析对土质边坡动力响应规律进行研究,发现在土质边坡剖面上动力响应参数分布异常的地方跟通常认为的潜在滑动面有很好的对应关系,说明在坡体内发生较大剪应变处土体的动力特性可能已经发生改变,从而使动力传递异常.  相似文献   

Critical response of structures to multicomponent earthquake excitation     

Oscar A. Lopez  Anil K. Chopra  Julio J. Hernandez 《地震工程与结构动力学》2000,29(12):1759-1778

This paper aims to develop an improved understanding of the critical response of structures to multicomponent seismic motion characterized by three uncorrelated components that are defined along its principal axes: two horizontal and the vertical component. An explicit formula, convenient for code applications, has been derived to calculate the critical value of structural response to the two principal horizontal components acting along any incident angle with respect to the structural axes, and the vertical component of ground motion. The critical response is defined as the largest value of response for all possible incident angles. The ratio r_cr/r_srss between the critical value of response and the SRSS response—corresponding to the principal components of ground acceleration applied along the structure axes—is shown to depend on three dimensionless parameters: the spectrum intensity ratio γ between the two principal components of horizontal ground motion characterized by design spectra A(T_n) and γA(T_n); the correlation coefficient α of responses r_x and r_y due to design spectrum A(T_n) applied in the x‐ and y‐directions, respectively; and β = r_y/r_x. It is demonstrated that the ratio r_cr/r_srss is bounded by 1 and . Thus the largest value of the ratio is , 1.26, 1.13 and 1.08 for γ = 0, 0.5, 0.75 and 0.85, respectively. This implies that the critical response never exceeds times the result of the SRSS analysis, and this ratio is about 1.13 for typical values of γ, say 0.75. The correlation coefficient α depends on the structural properties but is always bounded between −1 and 1. For a fixed value of γ, the ratio r_cr/r_srss is largest if β = 1 and α = ±1. The parametric variations presented for one‐storey buildings indicate that this condition can be satisfied by axial forces in columns of symmetric‐plan buildings or can be approximated by lateral displacements in resisting elements of unsymmetrical‐plan buildings. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

First and second baroclinic mode responses of the tropical Indian Ocean to interannual equatorial wind anomalies     

Vinu Valsala 《Journal of Oceanography》2008,64(4):479-494

The combined and individual responses of the first and second baroclinic mode dynamics of the tropical Indian Ocean to the well-known Indian Ocean Dipole mode (IOD) wind anomalies are investigated. The IOD forced first baroclinic Rossby waves arrive at the western boundary in three months, while the reflected component from the eastern boundary with opposite phase arrives in five to six months, both carry input energy to the west. The inclusion of the second baroclinic mode slows down the wave propagation by mode coupling and stretches the energy spectrum to a relatively longer time scale. The total energy exists in the equatorial wave guide for at least five months from the forcing, as much as 10% of that of the atmospheric input, which mainly dissipates at the western boundary. The individual responses of the ocean to IOD interannual wind anomaly show that the significant modes of oceanic anomalies are confined to a wave guide of 10° on either side of the equator.  相似文献   

非轴对称条件下用三维模式匹配法计算电阻率测井响应   总被引：12，自引：3，他引：9       下载免费PDF全文

谭茂金  张庚骥  运华云  赵文杰 《地球物理学报》2007,50(3):939-945

采用模式匹配法研究了非轴对称条件下普通电阻率测井响应.根据非轴对称的地层模型,建立了新型的坐标系,确定在井轴与地层法线所形成的XOY平面上用数值方法,与此面垂直的方向上用解析方法.在XOY平面上的数值分析中,构建了广义特征值问题;在Z轴方向的解析部分中,人为地划分了一些介质层,并根据电磁场在层界面的连续性条件,推导出了各层之间场量的传递关系,从而摒弃了传统上二维模式匹配法中的复杂的反射阵和透射阵理论,完成了三维模式匹配理论.多种地层模型的数值结果对比表明,该方法在轴对称条件下的计算结果和二维模式匹配法的计算结果具有很好的一致性.此外,应用此算法还研究了倾斜地层等各种非轴对称的地层模型电阻率测井响应,系统地考察了井斜角对普通电阻率测井响应的影响.  相似文献