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61.
62.
In this paper it is argued that the re-establishment of a metropolitan government in the Greater Copenhagen Area in 2000 (Greater
Copenhagen Authority) is not to be seen as a return to the kind of regional, coordinative authority (Greater Copenhagen Council)
that was abolished in the Thatcherite climate of the 1980s. Throughout the 1980s and 1990s new forms of urban governance,
entrepreneurialism and a higher national priority to the capital region were introduced, which changed the conditions under
which the new metropolitan government is operating. This `contextualization' of the analysis of the two generations of metropolitan
government points to the fact that typologies of metropolitan government, such as the one put forward by Sharpe (1995), often
lacks analytical cogency.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
63.
Traditional models of urban development are no longer adequate to describe current metropolitan transformations. These are
now at the centre of a debate concerning management and administration. In Italy, delays in resolving problems of urban and
metropolitan government, despite the legal framework provided by Law 142/90, have weighed heavily on the larger urban areas
of the country: Rome, Naples, Milan, which have not been able to tackle the issue of metropolitan government. Recent legislation,
while not providing a pre-defined institutional solution, allows separate administrative districts to collectively establish
metropolitan institutions of `variable geometry'. The Milan urban area is not one city, but a system of mutually-dependent
cities, linked to each other and the rest of the world by a transport network still requiring much investment. The vitality
of its economic structure (especially its small firms) is held back by seriously inadequate infrastructure and low external
economic efficiency. The provincial capital may boast `historic centrality' but the most interesting potential for development
is to be found on the periphery and in the administrative districts immediately surrounding it, in the recovery of derelict
industrial areas and dormitory towns established in the 1950s and 1960s, especially to the north. Recovery of derelict areas,
green areas, and better transport links within the urban area and with the outside world are the key elements in the reorganization
of `Greater Milan'. In this situation of rapid transformation the most appropriate political strategies involve negotiated
planning.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
64.
STRESS-METAMORPHISM AND ISOTOPIC AGE OF SHEAR ZONE GRANITOID TECTONITES OF IRTYSH SHEAR ZONE (ALTAI REGION) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
B.M.Chikov V.A.Ponomachuk S.V.Zinoviev B.N.Lapin A.T.Titov A.V.Travin S.V.Palessky 《大地构造与成矿学(英文版)》2002,26(1):36-51
The Irtysh shear zone (ISZ) of Altai region is the lineament structure of the collision-suture type, where granites of Kalba complex and granodiorites of Zmeinogorsk complex are exposed to regional gneiss-formation and stress-metamorphic alterations. This study is based on detailed structural observations at special grounds using optical and electron microscopy, and on the behavior analysis of isotopic systems from altered granitoids.Within the ISZ area we have established the continuous rows of granitoid stress-metamorphism from initial recrystallization of protolite, its cataclasis and mechanical flaring up to complete recrystallization with alteration of mineral composition and formation of the streaky complexes of granite tectonites of blastomylonite and blastocataclasite types. The directed alteration of rocks has several impulse and is expressed by a change in morphology of mineral grains and their relations, magnification of deformation component in the rock structure, and formation of new mineral phases on the basis of initial ones without surface fluidization. At transformation of isotopic systems from granitoid, their feldspars,biotite and hornblende, we can observe “rejuvenation“ of the rock substrate from 270- 290 Ma for Kalba granitoids to 220-235 Ma for their tectonites, and for Rudny Altai granodiorites, their ages changes from 285-317 Ma to 232-257 Ma for their tectonites. 相似文献
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67.
根据华北地区1999年和2001年两期高精度GPS观测结果,通过与1992,1995,1996年和1999年这几期资料的比较,发现近两年的运动与前有所不同,主要表现为:(1)阴山单元和鄂尔多斯单元之间显示为压性运动的性质,但比较微弱,它们之间的边界带上似乎有左旋走滑运动,但从整体上看并不显著。(2)晋冀鲁单元和燕山单元的整体活动性不如以前,各单元内部存在着较明显的差异运动,并山单元和晋冀鲁单元的北部存在着比较显著的东西向挤压,北京地区则表现为南北向挤压。(3)晋冀鲁单元南部与胶辽鲁苏单元的南部的趋势活动呈张性,优势运动方向为东南,这样的结果可能表明,华北目前存在着应力扰动行为,大同与天津之间的区域是受其影响最大的地区,该区有可能成为未来几年中强地震活动的一个主体地区。 相似文献
68.
E.J. Rohling T.R. CaneS. Cooke M. SprovieriI. Bouloubassi K.C. EmeisR. Schiebel D. KroonF.J. Jorissen A. LorreA.E.S. Kemp 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2002,202(1):61-75
Little is known about centennial- to millennial-scale climate variability during interglacial times, other than the Holocene. We here present high-resolution evidence from anoxic (unbioturbated) sediments in the eastern Mediterranean Sea that demonstrates a sustained ∼800-yr climate disturbance in the monsoonal latitudes during the Eemian interglacial maximum (∼125 ka BP). Results imply that before and after this event, the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) penetrated sufficiently beyond the central Saharan watershed (∼21°N) during the summer monsoon to fuel flooding into the Mediterranean along the wider North African margin, through fossil river/wadi systems that to date have been considered only within a Holocene context. Relaxation in the ITCZ penetration during the intra-Eemian event curtailed this flux, but flow from the Nile - with its vast catchment area - was not affected. Previous work suggests a concomitant Eurasian cooling event, with intensified impact of the higher-latitude climate on the Mediterranean basin. The combined signals are very similar to those described for the Holocene cooling event around 8 ka BP. The apparent type of concurrent changes in the monsoon and higher-latitude climate may reflect a fundamental mechanism for variability in the transfer of energy (latent heat) between the tropics and higher latitudes. 相似文献
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