三江平原沼泽地主养鲤鱼塘能量转换效率研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨富亿 《湖泊科学》1995,7(3):263-270

对1988～1992年三江平原沼泽地泥炭池主养鲤鱼生态系统的能量转换效率进行了研究分析。结果表明,一个生长期浮游植物毛初级生产力对太阳辐射能的转换效率为0.204～0.308％;鲢鳙净产量对浮游植物净产量的转换效率为1.195～4.815％;太阳能转换为鱼类总净产量的生态学效率为0.067～0.123％。总辅助能、总生物能和饲料辅助能转换为鱼类总净产量的效率分别为8.91～14.05％、10.96～17.20％和11.06～17.57％.在2500kg/hm~2、3500kg/hm~2及5000kg/hm~2三个净产量级型池塘中,以5000kg/hm~2产量级的能量转换效率为最佳型。  相似文献   

鲫(Carassius auratus)对浅水湖泊水体浊度、营养水平和浮游生物生物量的影响——基于中宇宙模拟实验     

陈坤全  李启升  韩燕青  李伟  张又  李宽意  何虎 《湖泊科学》2021,33(2):397-404

鲫(Carassius auratus)是我国各类淡水水体的优势鱼类之一.作为底栖杂食性鱼类,一方面,鲫可以通过排泄和扰动沉积物影响湖泊营养和光照水平,通过"上行效应"促进浮游植物生长;另一方面,鲫也可以捕食浮游动物,通过"下行控制"影响藻类生长以及营养盐循环.对于浅水湖泊,两种途径对于生态系统影响的相对重要性仍有待研究.本研究设计了一个两因素户外中宇宙实验,通过在沉积物表面添加隔网的方式,比较两种情况下(能、否接触沉积物),鲫对水体浊度、营养盐和浮游生物生物量的影响.实验在16个大型钢化玻璃桶(400 L)中进行,持续36 d(2019年8月6日—9月11日).研究结果表明:1)在能接触沉积物的条件下,鲫显著促进了沉积物再悬浮,表现为水体的总悬浮物(TSS)和无机悬浮物(ISS)浓度大幅升高;水体的光衰减系数(Kd)增加,总氮(TN)和总磷(TP)浓度明显升高; 2)在不能接触沉积物的条件下,鲫对水体悬浮物(TSS和ISS)浓度和Kd的影响不明显,但是显著降低了水体TN和TP浓度; 3)在两种情况下,鲫对浮游植物叶绿素a浓度以及浮游动物生物量的影响均不显著.本研究表明鲫只有在能够接触沉积物的条件下,才会显著提高水体浊度和营养水平.因此,在缺乏沉水植被的浅水湖泊中,鲫扰动沉积物产生的"上行效应"可能是其对生态系统产生负面影响的主要途径.  相似文献   

高淀粉水平下精氨酸对松浦镜鲤肠道形态与功能的影响     

李晋南  王常安  张圆圆  吴迪  范泽  王连生 《广东海洋大学学报》2021,(1)

【目的】探讨高淀粉饲料中添加精氨酸对松浦镜鲤(CyprinuscarpioL.)肠道消化酶活性及肠道形态的影响。【方法】选用初始体质量(6.84±0.02)g的松浦镜鲤360尾,随机分为5组,每组4个重复,每个重复18尾鱼。实验饲料分为5组,分别在45%水平的高淀粉饲料中添加质量分数0%、0.6%、1.2%、1.8%、2.4%的精氨酸,实验周期为8周,进行肠道消化酶和形态的测定。【结果】前、中、后肠的淀粉酶活性,各组之间没有显著差异(P> 0.05);添加2.4%精氨酸组的前肠脂肪酶活性显著高于对照组(P <0.05),中肠和后肠的脂肪酶活性各组间没有显著差异(P>0.05);前、中、后肠蛋白酶活性随精氨酸添加量的增加而增加,添加1.8%和2.4%精氨酸组的前肠和中肠蛋白酶活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05),添加2.4%精氨酸组后肠的蛋白酶活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。高淀粉饲料中添加Arg显著影响了肠道皱襞高度,但对肠绒毛宽度和肌层厚度没有显著影响。2.4%精氨酸组前肠皱襞高度显著高于其他各组(P <0.05),1.8%精氨酸组中肠和后肠皱襞高度显著高于对照组(P <0.05)。1.2%、1.8%和2.4%组肠体指数显著高于对照组(P <0.05),2.4%精氨酸组肠长指数显著高于对照组(P <0.05)。各组前、中、后肠肠绒毛密度没有显著差异,且排列较整齐。【结论】高淀粉饲料中添加1.8%~2.4%精氨酸可以增加松浦镜鲤肠道消化酶活性,同时改善了松浦镜鲤的肠道形态结构。  相似文献   

Seasonal fluctuation of Myxobolus gibelioi (Myxosporea) plasmodia in the gills of the farmed allogynogenetic gibel carp in China     

王桂堂  姚卫建  龚小宁  汪建国  聂品 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2003,21(2)

ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＭｙｘｏｓｐｏｒｅａｎｓａｒｅｖｅｒｙｃｏｍｍｏｎｐａｒａｓｉｔｅｓｏｆｆｉｓｈ .Ｔｈｅｉｒｓｅａｓｏｎａｌｆｌｕｃｔｕａｔｉｏｎｓｉｎｐｒｅｖａｌｅｎｃｅａｎｄｉｎｔｅｎｓｉｔｙｏｆｉｎｆｅｃｔｉｏｎｗｅｒｅｄｅｓｃｒｉｂｅｄｂｙｓｏｍｅａｕｔｈｏｒｓ (Ｍｉｔｃｈｅｌｌ,1 989;Ｓｉｔｊａ ＢｏｂａｄｉｌｌａａｎｄＡｌｖａｒｅｚ Ｐｅｌｌｉｔｅｒｏ,1 990 ;Ｃｏｎｅ ,1 994 ) .Ｈｏｗｅｖｅｒ,ａｌｍｏｓｔｎｏｒｅｌａｔｅｄｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎｉｓａｖａｉｌａｂｌｅｉｎＣｈｉｎ…  相似文献   

Genetic discrimination for three gynogenetic clones of silver carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, based on restriction endonuclease analysis of Nd5-Nd6 region of mitochondrial DNA     

周建峰叶玉珍  吴清江 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2005,23(1):126-128

1 INTRODUCTION Silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) is an important species in freshwater fisheries and ranks the first in world fish production (Li, 1993). China has a long history of aquaculture of silver carp that is very difficult for selective breeding because it has a long life cycle. However, development of cytoge-netics and modern molecular genetics built up a strong impact to the research on selective breeding. A rapid, efficient approach for establishment of a pure line of…  相似文献   

Integrated biological control of water hyacinths, Eichhornia crassipes by a novel combination of grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella (Valenciennes, 1844), and the weevil, Neochetina spp.     

GOPALAKRISHNAN Ayyaru  RAJKUMAR Mayalagu  孙军  PARIDA Ajay  VENMATHI MARAN Balu Alagar 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2011,29(1)

The efficacy of grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella (Cyprinidae) and weevils Neochetina spp. (Curculionidae) to control the aquatic weed, water hyacinth, is investigated in a square net cage (happas) setting at a farm in Cuddalore District, South India. This novel combination of insects and fish is found to be superior to individual treatments for controlling the weed growth within 110 d. The biomass of the weed, number of plants, percentage of flowered plants and chlorophyll contents were studied. The weed ...  相似文献   

地衣芽孢杆菌在异育银鲫日粮中的应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘波  刘文斌  王恬 《广东海洋大学学报》2005,25(6):31-35

在异育银鲫基础日粮中分别添加质量分数0.01%、0.02%、0.03%、0.04%的地衣芽孢杆菌,测定了鱼体的生长及食糜植酸酶活性等。结果表明:与对照组相比,添加量0.01%、0.02%、0.03%组的增重率分别显著提高了12.46%、18.59%、18.84%;添加量0.02%、0.03%组的磷表观消化率分别提高37.63%、35.03%(P<0.05);饵料系数降低了0.52、0.57(P<0.05),其他组差异不显著。与对照组相比,0.03%组食糜植酸酶活性提高50.79%、0.04%组肝体比降低20.91%(P<0.05),其他组差异不显著。因此在异育银鲫日粮中添加地衣芽孢杆菌提高了机体酶活性,促进了鱼体生长。  相似文献   

Assessment of chemical and physical treatments to selectively kill non-indigenous freshwater zooplankton species     

Louis A. Tremblay  Olivier Champeau  Patrick L. Cahill  Steve Pullan  Natasha Grainger  Ian C. Duggan 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2019,53(1):97-112

Non-indigenous zooplankton species pose a biosecurity threat to New Zealand’s freshwater native taxa. Nine species are known to have established in New Zealand lakes to date. The spread of some zooplankton taxa is linked to the translocation of farmed fish, principally grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), and recreational vessel movements. The aims of this study were to assess the effectiveness of a range of chemical and physical treatments for transport water and associated equipment to kill freshwater cladoceran, copepod, and rotifer zooplankton species, and their risk to non-target fish. Sodium chloride was the most effective and applicable chemical treatment tested at length in the cladoceran and, combined with physical treatment via mechanical filtration of water or hot water immersion of equipment (to also manage the risk of diapausing eggs), represents an effective option for the control of non-indigenous zooplankton, with limited impact on stenohaline fish.  相似文献   

Uptake and biological effects of synthetic glucocorticoids in common carp (Cyprinus carpio)     

Kei Nakayama  Yoshiyuki Inoue  Naomi Ikeda  Naoki Hashizume  Hidekazu Murakami  Takeshi Ishibashi  Hirofumi Ikeda  Tomohiko Isobe  Shin-Ichi Kitamura  Go Suzuki 《Marine pollution bulletin》2014

Uptake and biological effects of synthetic glucocorticoids (GCs) were analyzed using common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Fish were exposed to clobetasol propionate (CP) or clobetasone butyrate (CB) individually or in mixture at 1 μg L⁻¹ for 21 days. Bioconcentration factor (BCF) of CB was calculated as 100, and BCF of CP was less than 16. No effects were found in fish erythrocyte and leukocyte numbers and serum glucose levels after exposure to the selected GCs. On the other hand, serum concentrations of free amino acids significantly increased in GC-exposed groups. Thus, exposures to synthetic GCs at relatively low concentrations seemed to cause enhancement of protein degradation and subsequent increase of serum free amino acids without a corresponding increase in serum glucose levels, an effect which might be related to partial induction of gluconeogenesis by GC.  相似文献   

Swimming behavior of juvenile silver carp near the separation zone of a channel confluence     

Saiyu Yuan  Lei Xu  Hongwu Tang  Yang Xiao  Colin Whittaker 《国际泥沙研究》2022,37(1):122-127

Knowledge of locomotion of fish near river confluences is important for prediction of fish distribution in a river network.The flow separation zone near the confluence of a river network is a favorite habitat and feeding place for silver carp,which is one of the four major species of Chinese carp and usually provides positive rheotaxis to water flow.In the current study,a series of laboratory experiments were done to determine the behavioral responses of juvenile silver carp to the hydrodynamic ...  相似文献