Evaluation of Monod kinetic parameters in the subsurface using moment analysis: Theory and numerical testing     

M. Mohamed  K. Hatfield  I.V. Perminova 《Advances in water resources》2007

The spatial moments of a contaminant plume undergoing bio-attenuation are coupled to the moments of microbial populations effecting that attenuation. In this paper, a scalable inverse method is developed for estimating field-scale Monod parameters such as the maximum microbial growth rate (μ^max), the contaminant half saturation coefficient (K_s), and the contaminant yield coefficient (Y_s). The method uses spatial moments that characterize the distribution of dissolved contaminant and active microbial biomass in the aquifer. A finite element model is used to generate hypothetical field-scale data to test the method under both homogeneous and heterogeneous aquifer conditions. Two general cases are examined. In the first, Monod parameters are estimated where it is assumed a microbial population comprised of a single bacterial species is attenuating one contaminant (e.g., an electron donor and an electron acceptor). In a second case, contaminant attenuation is attributed to a microbial consortium comprised of two microbial species, and Monod parameters for both species are estimated. Results indicate the inverse method is only slightly sensitive to aquifer heterogeneity and that estimation errors decrease as the sampling time interval decreases with respect to the groundwater travel time between sample locations. Optimum conditions for applying the scalable inverse method in both space and time are investigated under both homogeneous and heterogeneous aquifer conditions.  相似文献   

大亚湾网箱养殖区生物-化学特性与营养状况的周日变化     

黄洪辉  王寓平 《广东海洋大学学报》2001,21(2):35-43

根据1998年11月对大亚湾大鹏澳网箱养殖区进行的定点24h连续水质监测资料,分析并讨论了该养殖区海水生物-化学各要素的垂直分布和周日变化规律,并用单项指标评价法和改进的营养状态质量指数(NQI)法,参照营养指数(E)对该网箱养殖区海水的营养状况进行了评价和研究.结果表明,各项要素的平均值大都是表层＞中层＞底层;周日变化主要受潮汐运动和海水中生物的节律性生理活动的综合影响;表层海水的富营养化率明显高于中层海水,其各单项指标处于中度一富营养状态,而中层和底层海水则分别处于贫一中度和贫-富营养状态;PO4-P相对较贫乏,为养殖区富营养化的最关键限制因素.  相似文献   

吐哈盆地杜家台构造侏罗系生油岩热演化特征     

卢延恩  纪友亮 《矿产与地质》2000,14(1):39-43

利用干酷根镜质体反射率等多项指标分析了吐哈盆地杜家台构造侏罗系生油岩的热演化特性,认为该构造上生油岩生油门际在３５６０ｍ左右。侏罗系七克台组、三间房组、三工河组的生油岩处于未成熟阶段,西山窑组和八道湾组也尚进入生油阶段。八道湾组煤系地层成熟度高,是入亮煤阶段,煤成气生成量多,是重点勘探层。  相似文献   

Myctophid feeding ecology and carbon transport along the northern Mid-Atlantic Ridge     

《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2014

Myctophids are among the most abundant fishes in the world׳s ocean and occupy a key position in marine pelagic food webs. Through their significant diel vertical migrations and metabolism they also have the potential to be a significant contributor to carbon export. We investigated the feeding ecology and contribution to organic carbon export by three myctophid species, Benthosema glaciale, Protomyctophum arcticum, and Hygophum hygomii, from a structurally and ecologically unique ecosystem- the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR). Similar to the results of previous studies, the diet of these fishes was primarily copepods and euphausiids, however, gelatinous zooplankton was identified in the diet of B. glaciale for the first time. Ridge section and time of day were significant explanatory variables in the diet of B. glaciale as determined by canonical correspondence analysis, while depth was the only significant explanatory variable in the diet of P. arcticum. Daily consumption by MAR myctophids was less than 1% of dry body weight per day and resulted in the removal of less than 1% of zooplankton biomass daily. Although lower than previous estimates of carbon transport by myctophids and zooplankton in other areas, MAR myctophid active transport by diel vertical migration was equivalent to up to 8% of sinking particulate organic carbon in the North Atlantic. While highly abundant, myctophids do not impart significant predation pressure on MAR zooplankton, and play a modest role in the active transport of carbon from surface waters.  相似文献   

Advanced image processing methods as a tool to map and quantify different types of biological soil crust     

《ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing》2014

Biological soil crusts (BSCs) modify numerous soil surface properties and affect many key ecosystem processes. As BSCs are considered one of the most important components of semiarid ecosystems, accurate characterisation of their spatial distribution is increasingly in demand. This paper describes a novel methodology for identifying the areas dominated by different types of BSCs and quantifying their relative cover at subpixel scale in a semiarid ecosystem of SE Spain. The approach consists of two consecutive steps: (i) First, Support Vector Machine (SVM) classification to identify the main ground units, dominated by homogenous surface cover (bare soil, cyanobacteria BSC, lichen BSC, green and dry vegetation), which are of strong ecological relevance. (ii) Spectral mixture analysis (SMA) of the ground units to quantify the proportion of each type of surface cover within each pixel, to correctly characterize the complex spatial heterogeneity inherent to semiarid ecosystems. SVM classification showed very good results with a Kappa coefficient of 0.93%, discriminating among areas dominated by bare soil, cyanobacteria BSC, lichen BSC, green and dry vegetation. Subpixel relative abundance images achieved relatively high accuracy for both types of BSCs (about 80%), whereas general overestimation of vegetation was observed. Our results open the possibility of introducing the effect of presence and of relative cover of BSCs in spatially distributed hydrological and ecological models, and assessment and monitoring aimed at reducing degradation in these areas.  相似文献   

Effect of mid-oceanic ballast water exchange on virus-like particle abundance during two trans-Pacific voyages     

Leichsenring J  Lawrence J 《Marine pollution bulletin》2011,62(5):1103-1108

Ballast water is a potential source of invasive species, including viruses that target a variety of hosts. We sampled ballast during two trans-Pacific voyages and analyzed the efficacy of mid-oceanic exchange in reducing virus-like particle (VLP) abundance. Exchange did not significantly reduce virus abundance during the first voyage (P = 0.874), whereas it reduced viral abundance 3.9-fold from 1.8 × 10⁷ to 0.47 × 10⁷ VLP mL⁻¹ during the second voyage (P < 0.0001). Despite the impact of exchange during the second voyage, virus abundances were not significantly different between exchanged and unexchanged tanks upon arrival in Canada (P = 0.363) and Canadian port water samples (P = 0.502). Regressions between environmental parameters and VLP abundance uncovered negative correlations between salinity and viral abundance during one, and dissolved oxygen and viral abundance during the second voyage. In summary, ballast tanks are highly variable with respect to total virus abundance, and the efficacy of exchange requires investigation into the dynamics of specific viruses.  相似文献   

Biological neutralization of chlor-alkali industry wastewater     

Jain RM  Mody KH  Keshri J  Jha B 《Marine pollution bulletin》2011,62(11):2377-2383

The present work reports biological neutralization of chlor-alkali industrial effluent by an alkaliphilic bacterium, isolated from the Gujarat coast, which was identified as Enterococcus faecium strain R-5 on the basis of morphological, biochemical and partial 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The isolate was capable of bringing down the pH of waste water from 12.0 to 7.0 within 3 h in the presence of carbon and nitrogen sources, with simultaneous reduction in total dissolved solutes (TDS) up to 19-22%. This bacterium produced carboxylic acid, as revealed by FT-IR analysis, which facilitated neutralization of alkaline effluent. The presence of unconventional raw materials viz. Madhuca indica flowers or sugar cane bagasse as carbon and nitrogen sources could effectively neutralize alkaline effluent and thus making the bioremediation process economically viable. The time required for neutralization varied with size of inoculum. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on biological neutralization of a chlor-alkali industrial effluent.  相似文献   

舟山渔场细点圆趾蟹（Ovalipes punctatus）生物学特性及其季节变化   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

王迎宾  俞存根  郑基  陈小庆  宁平 《海洋与湖沼》2011,42(2):274-278

根据2006—2007年在舟山渔场渔业资源调查中采集的细点圆趾蟹样品,开展了生物学特性研究,对生物学特性的季节变化进行了分析,并将结果与以往报道进行了比较。结果表明,舟山渔场细点圆趾蟹甲长分布范围9—75mm,平均43.8mm,甲宽10—98mm,平均54.9mm。体重分布范围0.4—167.4g,平均40.4g。雄性...  相似文献   

Ecosystem-based marine spatial management: Review of concepts, policies, tools, and critical issues   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Stelios Katsanevakis  Vanessa Stelzenmüller  Andy South  Thomas Kirk Sørensen  Peter J.S. Jones  Sandy Kerr  Fabio Badalamenti  Christos Anagnostou  Patricia Breen  Guillem Chust  Giovanni D’Anna  Mike Duijn  Tatiana Filatova  Fabio Fiorentino  Helena Hulsman  Kate Johnson  Aristomenis P. Karageorgis  Ingrid Kröncke  Simone Mirto  Carlo Pipitone  Susan Portelli  Wanfei Qiu  Henning Reiss  Dimitris Sakellariou  Maria Salomidi  Luc van Hoof  Vassiliki Vassilopoulou  Tomás Vega Fernández  Sandra Vöge  Anke Weber  Argyro Zenetos  Remment ter Hofstede 《Ocean & Coastal Management》2011,54(11):807-820

Conventional sectoral management and piecemeal governance are considered less and less appropriate in pursuit of sustainable development. Ecosystem based marine spatial management (EB-MSM) is an approach that recognizes the full array of interactions within an ecosystem, including human uses, rather than considering single issues, species, or ecosystem services in isolation. Marine spatial planning and ocean zoning are emerging concepts that can support EB-MSM. EB-MSM is driven by high-level goals that managers aim to achieve through the implementation of measures. High-level goals and objectives need to be translated into more operational objectives before specific targets, limits and measures can be elaborated.Monitoring, evaluation and adaptation are necessary to ensure that marine management measures are both effective and efficient. Solid monitoring frameworks are the foundation of adaptive management, as they provide the necessary information to evaluate performance and the effectiveness of management actions. Marine protected areas (MPAs) - possibly set up in networks - constitute a key component in EB-MSM policies and practises and have been applied as a cornerstone in conservation of marine biodiversity, management of fish populations, development of coastal tourism, etc. Moreover, MPA experiences have provided methods and concepts (such as zoning) to a wider EB-MSM context. The assignment of values to biophysical features of the marine environment allows the direct assessment of related management choices and may assist EB-MSM.A range of monetary valuation techniques have been proposed to reduce attributes of goods and services to a single metric. However, in the marine environment such an approach is often over simplistic, and thus less reductive techniques may be necessary. Rather than producing a single metric, the results of non-monetary assessments guide policy allowing weight to be given as necessary to potential areas of conflict and consensus.Strategies to take into account climate change effects and geohazard risks in EB-MSM have been applied or proposed worldwide. EB-MSM regimes must be alert to such risks and flexible to account for changes.  相似文献   

Distribution patterns of soil lichens across the principal biomes of southern Africa     

L. Zedda  A. GröngröftM. Schultz  A. PetersenA. Mills  G. Rambold 《Journal of Arid Environments》2011,75(2):215-220

The present study was undertaken to assess baseline distribution patterns for soil lichens occurring in the principal biomes of southern Africa, and to analyse their relationship to selected environmental parameters. Among the lichen species found across our survey sites, four distinct groups could be delineated, each as distinct consortium of lichen species sharing particular morphological characters (e.g. growth-form, pigmentation and type of photobiont kind). These groups are largely correlated with specific environmental parameters. These findings suggest that lichens may serve as valuable bioindicators for evaluating climate and soil change in this region of Africa.  相似文献