Strain‐softening analysis of a spherical cavity     

Shuilin Wang  Shunde Yin  Zhenjun Wu 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2012,36(2):182-202

This paper studies the excavation of a spherical cavity subjected to hydrostatic initial stresses in the infinite homogeneous and isotropic rock mass with strain‐softening Mohr–Coulomb (M‐C) and Hoek–Brown (H‐B) behaviors. Numerical solutions of the spherical cavity are obtained and the application to determining stress–strain curve of strain‐softening M‐C and H‐B rock mass is studied. A closed‐form solution for the elastic–brittle–plastic medium is introduced first, and then a numerical procedure that simplifies the strain‐softening process into a series of brittle–plastic ones is presented. The approach is validated against the facts that the strain‐softening process evolves into a brittle–plastic one when the softening slope is very steep, whereas it evolves into an elasto‐plastic one when the softening slope approaches zero. Numerical solutions for the prediction of displacements and stresses around the spherical cavity in the strain‐softening M‐C and H‐B rock mass are presented. On the basis of the analysis of the spherical cavity in strain‐softening rock mass, the stress–strain relationship at an infinitesimal cube around the cavity is obtained and discussed with different evolution laws for the strength parameters considered. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

长白山天池火山千年大喷发空降浮岩碎屑的形貌特征和最终沉降速度          下载免费PDF全文

于红梅  许建东  林传勇 《地震地质》2011,33(2):440-451

碎屑的形貌参数是计算碎屑最终沉降速度公式中的一个重要参数,而以往在计算中只是把碎屑假设为球形或椭球形,未对其进行详细研究.通过对长白山天池火山千年大喷发产生的空降碎屑的形貌分析得到一些新的认识:空降碎屑以浮岩为主,浮岩碎屑的形态不规则,从等轴状到拉长状,从次圆状到棱角状都有.随着浮岩碎屑粒径的减小,颗粒拉长现象明显,拉...  相似文献   

秦皇岛海域“褐潮”海水对卤虫、轮虫存活和摄食的影响研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

公晗  孔凡洲  王云峰  颜天  周名江 《海洋科学》2015,39(4):30-36

为评价秦皇岛褐潮现场海水的毒性,作者利用HPLC技术及CHEMTAX,分析了2013年7月2日采自秦皇岛褐潮高峰期微型及微微型浮游植物的色素组成及群落结构;测定了卤虫(Artemia salina)、轮虫(Brachionus plicatilis)存活率和摄食量。研究表明,褐潮海水微型及微微型浮游植物中,海金藻(Pelagophyceae)占主要优势,其生物量占总生物量的72.6%。褐潮海水抑制卤虫存活,卤虫48 h存活率降至77%;对轮虫24 h存活没有显著效应。此外,褐潮海水抑制卤虫、轮虫的摄食,卤虫、轮虫8 h内摄食量分别由(5.5±0.4)ng/个降至(2.4±0.4)ng/个、由(1.5±0.2)ng/个下降至(0.9±0.1)ng/个。该结果与美国的3株褐潮藻的毒性进行了比较。CCMP 1507对卤虫存活有显著抑制作用,其他两株没有显著效应;3株褐潮藻对轮虫24 h存活都没有显著影响。暴露于3株褐潮藻中,卤虫的摄食量均显著较低;其中CCMP 1507在混合饵料中还抑制卤虫、轮虫对其他藻的摄食。对CCMP 1507各组分分析发现,该藻的毒性主要来源于藻细胞。结合现场试验与室内试验结果分析表明,秦皇岛褐潮对卤虫、轮虫有一定的毒性,其毒性与CCMP 1507的毒性相当。  相似文献   

Global and regional ridge patterns on Mars   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Agustin F. Chicarro  Peter H. Schultz  Philippe Masson 《Icarus》1985,63(1):153-174

Over 16,000 wrinkle ridges on Mars have been classified, mapped, and digitized to provide a large computer-accessible data base for analyzing regions subjected to possible compressive stresses. The survey has revealed major compressive structures that occur well beyond the Tharsis-dominated hemisphere. The large variety of affected geologic terrains indicate stresses not simply localized in the intercrater plains. One major area of inferred compression occurs in the southern cratered highlands near longitude 180°W where major ridges and scarps extend over 3000 km. The occurrence and orientation of many ridges are locally controlled by ancient impact basins. The Chryse basin in particular has an important effect on ridges in northern Lunae Planum. The removal of all basin-concentric ridges reveals, however, a complex global pattern. Although such patterns may yet be controlled by heavily degraded impact basins, major regional trends also emerge that appear to require broader scale global stresses. Most ridges in the Western Hemisphere are shown to be orthogonal to three centers corresponding to Tharsis (1°N, 122°W), Syria (12°S, 104°W), and Chryse (19°N, 47°W). Ridges not included in these three sets are generally more random and highly localized. Most, but by no means all, ridges in the Eastern Hemisphere are controlled by the Hellas and Isidis basins. A simple global grid is not yet identifiable and may not be recognizable owing to the large number of regional patterns.  相似文献   

冲绳海槽中部的火山口     

曾志刚  陈丽蓉 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2008,28(3)

冲绳海槽位于中国东海大陆架的东部,与东海陆架相连,是一个新生的孤后盆地,海底火山活动和地震频繁,断裂体系十分发育,沉积了十分丰富的火山碎屑沉积物,根据海底沉积物中的浮岩与磁铁矿含量变化,结合水深资料推测了海底火山口的位置,结果表明Z 14—5测站(27°18′N、127°12′E)附近是一个火山口。  相似文献   

冲绳海槽中南部浮岩的岩石地球化学特征及其成因     

韩宗珠  李超  来志庆 《海洋湖沼通报》2008,(3)

冲绳海槽中南部广泛分布一套浮岩类岩石,其中以灰白色酸性浮岩为主,化学组成相当于英安流纹岩,深灰色中基性浮岩零星出露,化学组成与玄武安山岩相当.研究表明本区浮岩属造山带地区火山岩,形成于强烈构造活动构造背景,稀土元素标准化模式相似,均表现为负铕异常,表明它们之间的同源性,并经历过不同程度不同的斜长石分异作用.除Sr和中部浮岩的Yb有明显亏损以外,其它微量元素均表现为明显富集,尤其是Ba、Rb、Th、La和Ce等大离子亲石元素表现为显著富集.  相似文献   

Experimental Crystallization of a High-K Arc Basalt: the Golden Pumice, Stromboli Volcano (Italy)   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

DI CARLO  IDA; PICHAVANT  MICHEL; ROTOLO  SILVIO G.; SCAILLET  BRUNO 《Journal of Petrology》2006,47(7):1317-1343

The near-liquidus crystallization of a high-K basalt (PST-9golden pumice, 49·4 wt % SiO₂, 1·85 wt % K₂O,7·96 wt % MgO) from the present-day activity of Stromboli(Aeolian Islands, Italy) has been experimentally investigatedbetween 1050 and 1175°C, at pressures from 50 to 400 MPa,for melt H₂O concentrations between 1·2 and 5·5wt % and NNO ranging from –0·07 to +2·32.A drop-quench device was systematically used. AuPd alloys wereused as containers in most cases, resulting in an average Feloss of 13% for the 34 charges studied. Major crystallizingphases include clinopyroxene, olivine and plagioclase. Fe–Tioxide was encountered in a few charges. Clinopyroxene is theliquidus phase at 400 MPa down to at least 200 MPa, followedby olivine and plagioclase. The compositions of all major phasesand glass vary systematically with the proportion of crystals.Ca in clinopyroxene sensitively depends on the H₂O concentrationof the coexisting melt, and clinopyroxene Mg-number shows aweak negative correlation with NNO. The experimental data allowthe liquidus surface of PST-9 to be defined. When used in combinationwith melt inclusion data, a consistent set of pre-eruptive pressures(100–270 MPa), temperatures (1140–1160°C) andmelt H₂O concentrations is obtained. Near-liquidus phase equilibriaand clinopyroxene Ca contents require melt H₂O concentrations<2·7–3·6 and 3 ± 1 wt %, respectively,overlapping with the maximum frequency of glass inclusion data(2·5–2·7 wt % H₂O). For olivine to crystallizeclose to the liquidus, pressures close to 200 MPa are needed.Redox conditions around NNO = +0·5 are inferred fromclinopyroxene compositions. The determined pre-eruptive parametersrefer to the storage region of golden pumice melts, which islocated at a depth of around 7·5 km, within the metamorphicarc crust. Golden pumice melts ascending from their storagezone along an adiabat will not experience crystallization ontheir way to the surface. KEY WORDS: basalt; pumice; experiment; phase equilibria; Stromboli  相似文献   

中国褐毛藻属Halothrix的分类学研究     

黄冰心  栾日孝  丁兰平  政晓英  孙国栋  谭华强 《海洋科学》2013,37(4):32-36

对作者于1998~2003年间在中国沿海采集的褐毛藻属 Halothrix 标本进行了分类研究。经鉴定,确认有4个种,即可疑褐毛藻H. ambigua Yamada、细弱褐毛藻H. gracilis Luan et Ding sp. nov.、褐毛藻 H. lumbricalis (Kuetzing) Reinke和垫状褐毛藻 H. pulvinata Luan et Ding sp. nov.,其中新种2个。文中对这4个种进行了较详细的特征描述,以及较完整的其他分类学信息,并编制了检索表。细弱褐毛藻H. gracilis Luan et Ding sp. nov.的长同化丝稍细,直径15～55μm,中、上部细胞较长,长宽比为1.3～3;短同化丝的细胞较多,10~17个;具有匍匐丝体。垫状褐毛藻 H. pulvinata Luan et Ding sp. nov.具有明显垫状的基部,由多数无色丝体组成,丝体细胞13~20个,细胞长宽比为1.3~11,长同化丝在基部多分枝。其研究结果在一定程度上丰富了我国大型海藻的物种多样性。模式标本保存在中国科学院海洋研究所海洋生物标本馆(AST)。  相似文献   

贵州石漠化地区棕黄色粘性土团聚体稳定性研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

唐益群  张晓晖  佘恬钰  杨坪  王建秀 《工程地质学报》2009,17(6):817-822

 以贵州省普定县碳酸盐岩石漠化研究试验区（陈旗村）的棕黄色粘性土为研究对象,考虑了初始含水率和浸润时间两个影响因素,对研究区土体中占绝对优势的5mm的大颗粒团聚体进行了共计16组湿筛法试验。结果表明:棕黄色粘性土团聚体遇水破裂的过程主要发生在被浸润初期,初始含水率越小的土壤,经雨水浸润后,大颗粒团聚体破裂得越快越彻底;而原本就比较湿润的土体,团聚体的稳定性则较好。因此,对碳酸盐岩石地区石漠化的防治,应着重考虑气候长期干燥、蒸发量对水土流失的影响。 〖  相似文献   

Isotopic feature and uranium dating of the volcanic rocks in the Okinawa Trough     

HUANG Peng  LI Anchun  HU Ningjing  FU Yongtao  MA Zhibang 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2006,49(4):375-383

1 Introduction The Okinawa Trough(OT) extends for ~1200 km between Taiwan and Kyushu, and is an incipient back-arc basin bounded by the Ryukyu Arc to the south and east, and by Diaoyudao Uplift Belt[1,2] (Tai- wan-Sinzi Belt[3]) to the north and west. Drastic faults and volcanic activities are the typical features in the OT. Generally, the OT is divided into three segments (north, middle and south) by the Tokara Strait and Kerama Gap[4]. The geological features, such as tec- tonics, m…  相似文献