岩石压应力传递系数计算及影响机制     

张凌空  牛安福  黄辅琼 《地震地磁观测与研究》2017,39(1):102-106

钻孔应变观测是地壳岩石应变相对测量的主要方法,对其附加应力场的研究,可以有效分析岩石压应力向探头的传递过程,可对应变仪有关力学参数的设计和观测数据的物理解释提供帮助。考虑到外加应力在岩石、水泥和仪器钢筒等3层介质中传递的实际情况,根据弹性力学中的厚壁圆筒方程,推导轴对称应力作用下岩石压应力的传递系数公式,分析影响机制,并给出有关变化规律曲线和定量指标。  相似文献   

精确测定地震计传递函数     

王洪体  崔仁胜  李江  叶鹏 《地震地磁观测与研究》2017,39(1):107-116

提出联合阶跃标定与带精确电流测量的正弦波标定来确定地震计传递函数的方法。首先,使用阶跃标定确定地震计等效机械摆的自振周期和阻尼,得到地震计低频特性。随后,使用正弦波标定并引入电流测试技术,测定地震计全频段频率响应,幅频响应更加准确,同时可获得相频响应。最后,构建与地震计传递函数特征一致的结构来描述传递函数,采用最优化方法拟合求取地震计传递函数。该方法具有原理清楚、操作简单、易于实现、结果精确等优点,特别适用于地震计用户测试、地震计传递特性与厂方参数及各地震计间一致性和长期稳定性的验证,结果符合反馈型地震计传递函数特点。  相似文献   

全球产业转移与GVC区域竞争——基于中国与中南半岛四国的分析     

姚作林  金凤君  陈卓 《地理研究》2021,40(2):326-342

以中国和中南半岛四国为对象,以定量评价全球产业转移背景下的区域全球价值链(GVC)竞争态势为目标,采用多因子综合评价、IRIO投入-产出分析和RCA、GVC指数分析等方法,刻画了21世纪以来全球43个主要经济体、八大类型产业的全球产业转移时空演化特征,同时测算了中国和中南半岛四国的全球产业转移吸引力以及制造业全球竞争力...  相似文献   

南海北部阳江‒一统暗沙断裂带与新近纪岩浆活动     

蔡国富  张向涛  彭光荣  吴静  柳保军  白海军  李振升  马晓楠  李三忠  索艳慧 《大地构造与成矿学》2021,45(1):40-52

阳江?一统暗沙断裂带是南海北部珠江口盆地极其重要的中?新生代构造带和转换带.基于钻井资料和大范围、高密度的二维、三维地震资料,本文初步揭示阳江?一统暗沙断裂带走向为NW-NWW向、宽约30 km,沿着断裂走向从陆架至洋陆边界断裂带可分为北?中?南三段,断裂在新生代选择性活化,具有多重走滑断裂叠合和基底岩浆底辟强烈等特点...  相似文献   

错位转换层位置对高层建筑抗震性能影响的研究     

吴波  沈朝勇  周福霖  黄襄云  陈建秋  任珉 《地震工程与工程振动》2006,26(4):101-107

本文采用有限元程序对设有错位转换的高层结构进行了空间时程地震反应分析,论述了错位转换层整体位置、错位转换层相对位置对结构动力特性、动力反应及竖向构件内力的影响。分析结果表明,错位转换层整体位置的变动及相对变动对结构周期、主要振型和相对位移影响不大;随着错位转换层整体向上移动,在转换层处的层间位移角的突变会加剧;当两错位转换层相距3层左右时,高层结构地震反应最不利;错位转换层的存在会使两错位转换层附近的竖向构件内力发生突变,设计中应予以加强。  相似文献   

敦煌戈壁不同近地层大气稳定度下的感热交换系数   总被引：7，自引：3，他引：4  

韦志刚  黄荣辉  陈文 《高原气象》2006,25(5):834-839

首先利用空气动力学法,计算分析了敦煌戈壁2000年9月—2001年9月的感热交换系数Ch的特征,计算得到Ch的年平均值为0.00203±0.00045。敦煌戈壁的Ch在近中性和中性条件下(-0.01<ζ<0.01,ζ为Monin-Obukhov大气稳定度参数)为常数,Chn≈0.0020;在稳定条件下(ζ≥0.01),Ch比较小,随地表风速的增大而增大,趋于Chn,它们之间存在的关系是:Ch=0.0012 0.0003ln(V);在不稳定条件下(ζ≤-0.01),Ch比较大,随地表风速的增大而减小,也趋于Chn,它们之间存在的关系是:Ch=0.0026-0.0002ln(V)。本文还利用地表温度、一层气温和一层风速近似计算了总体Richardson数Rb,判定大气的层结稳定度,再根据该稳定度来选择感热交换系数。  相似文献   

Empirical formula for fundamental vibration periods of reinforced concrete buildings in Taiwan     

Li‐Ling Hong  Woei‐Luen Hwang 《地震工程与结构动力学》2000,29(3):327-337

More than 30 buildings around Taiwan have been selected to monitor the floor responses under seismic excitation. The structural array monitoring system in each building controls at most 27 channels of accelerometers distributed in several floors. Those buildings were triggered by many events during the past five years of operation. In each building, the records at the basement can be considered as the ground excitation, and the others at the upper floors are the structural responses. The frequency transfer functions of those buildings can be identified by ARX models, and then the fundamental vibration periods are estimated. The identified fundamental vibration periods using different events are compared in order to ensure the reliability of system identification. An empirical formula in predicting the fundamental vibration period is presented through the regression analysis to the identified fundamental vibration periods of 21 reinforced concrete (RC) moment‐resisting frame (MRF) buildings. It is found that the height of a building plays an important role in predicting the fundamental vibration period, compared with the length, width, and time after completion of the building. It is also found that the RC MRF buildings in Taiwan tend to be stiffer than those in the U.S. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

六种近地层湍流动量输送系数计算方案对比分析          下载免费PDF全文

胡艳冰高志球  沙文钰肖涛 高超 《应用气象学报》2007,18(3):407-411

选取30多年来近地层湍流通量研究中具有代表性的六种参数化方案, 应用GAME/Tibet试验中那曲通量观测站的实测资料, 对比分析了各方案计算所得的湍流动量输送系数 (C_M) 之间的差异。结果表明:六种参数化方案计算得到的湍流动量输送系数之间存在较大差异。对于那曲观测站稀疏短草下垫面而言, 稳定条件下当理查孙数小于0.1时, 除Businger71方案存在显著低估以外, 其他各方案均能较好估算湍流动量输送系数; 不稳定条件下, Dyer74方案对湍流动量输送系数的估算效果最好, 其次为Wang02, Launiainen95和Louis82方案, Businger71方案误差较大。  相似文献   

Comparing methods for mapping canopy chlorophyll content in a mixed mountain forest using Sentinel-2 data     

《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2020

The Sentinel-2 Multi-Spectral Imager (MSI) has three spectral bands centered at 705, 740, and 783 nm wavelengths that exploit the red-edge information useful for quantifying plant biochemical traits. This sensor configuration is expected to improve the prediction accuracy of vegetation chlorophyll content. In this work, we assessed the performance of several statistical and physical-based methods in retrieving canopy chlorophyll content (CCC) from Sentinel-2 in a heterogeneous mixed mountain forest. Amongst the algorithms presented in the literature, 13 different vegetation indices (VIs), a non-parametric statistical approach, and two radiative transfer models (RTM) were used to assess the CCC prediction accuracy. A field campaign was conducted in July 2017 to collect in situ measurements of CCC in Bavarian forest national park, and the cloud-free Sentinel-2 image was acquired on 13 July 2017. The leave-one-out cross-validation technique was used to compare the VIs and the non-parametric approach. Whereas physical-based methods were calibrated using simulated data and validated using the in situ reference dataset. The statistical-based approaches, such as the modified simple ratio (mSR) vegetation index and the partial least square regression (PLSR) outperformed all other techniques. As such the modified simple ratio (mSR3) (665, 865) gave the lowest cross-validated RMSE of 0.21 g/m² (R² = 0.75). The PLSR resulted in the highest R² of 0.78, and slightly higher RMSE =0.22 g/m² than mSR3. The physical-based approach-INFORM inversion using look-up table resulted in an RMSE =0.31 g/m², and R² = 0.67. Although mapping CCC using these methods revealed similar spatial distribution patterns, over and underestimation of low and high CCC values were observed mainly in the statistical approaches. Further validation using in situ data from different terrestrial ecosystems is imperative for both the statistical and physical-based approaches' effectiveness to quantify CCC before selecting the best operational algorithm to map CCC from Sentinel-2 for long-term terrestrial ecosystems monitoring across the globe.  相似文献   

IMU辅助下的单目视觉坐标传递     

郭若南  蒋郡祥  牛小骥  史俊波 《测绘通报》2020,(3):7-11

针对管线测量中由于GNSS RTK卫星信号遮挡或测站不易架设等原因无法提供坐标的场景,本文提出了一种IMU辅助下的单目视觉坐标传递方法,用于延伸RTK测得的精密坐标。首先在两个已知的RTK点上架设相机拍摄图像,同时采集IMU数据;然后对图像进行特征提取和匹配,恢复帧间旋转、平移及尺度;最后三角化待测点,以获得待测点在真实尺度的相机坐标系下的坐标。受IMU静基座初始对准方法的启发,本文利用重力矢量和相机光心间矢量分别在地理坐标系和相机坐标系下的投影求解这两个坐标系间的旋转矩阵,进而求得待测点在地理坐标系下的三维坐标。相对于其他测量手段,本文方法灵活便捷、设备轻便、操作简单,且一次采集即可获取相机视场中的任意共视点坐标。试验结果表明,本文提出的坐标传递方法所得的平面坐标的误差平均值为0.12 m,高程误差的平均值为0.2 m。  相似文献