The diurnal and seasonal characteristics of urban heat island variation in Beijing city and surrounding areas and impact factors based on remote sensing satellite data     

ZHANG Jiahua  HOU Yingyu  LI Guicai  YAN Hao  YAO Fengmei 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2005,48(Z2)

Based on the land surface temperature (LST), the land cover classification map,vegetation coverage, and surface evapotranspiration derived from EOS-MODIS satellite data, and by the use of GIS spatial analytic technique and multivariate statistical analysis method, the urban heat island (UHI) spatial distribution of the diurnal and seasonal variabilities and its driving forces are studied in Beijing city and surrounding areas in 2001. The relationships among UHI distribution and landcover categories, topographic factor, vegetation greenness, and surface evapotranspiration are analyzed. The results indicate that: (i) The significant UHI occur in Beijing city areas in the four seasons due to high heat capacity and multi-reflection of compression building, as well as with special topographic features of its three sides surrounded by mountains,especially in the summer. The UHI spatial distribution is corresponding with the urban geometry structure profile. The LST difference is approximately 4-6℃ between Beijing city and suburb areas, comparatively is 8- 10℃ between Beijing city area and outer suburb area in northwestern regions. (ii) The UHI distribution and intensity in daytime are different from nighttime in Beijing city area, the nighttime UHI is obvious. However, in the daytime, the significant UHI mainly appears in the summer, the autumn takes second place, and the UHI in the winter and the spring seem not obvious. The surface evapotranspiration in suburb areas is larger than that in urban areas in the summer, and high latent heat exchange is evident, which leads to LST difference between city area and suburb area. (iii) The reflection of surface landcover categories is sensitive to the UHI, the correlation between vegetation greenness and UHI shows obviously negative.The scatterplot shows that there is the negative correlation between NDVI and LST (R2 = 0.6481).The results demonstrate that the vegetation greenness is an important factor for reducing the UHI,and large-scale construction of greenbelts can considerably reduce the UHI effect.  相似文献   

Fresh and saline groundwater interaction in coastal aquifers: Is our technology ready for the problems ahead?     

V. E. A. Post 《Hydrogeology Journal》2005,13(1):120-123

  相似文献   

Salinisation des nappes côtières : cas de la nappe nord du Sahel de Sfax,Tunisie     

Rouaida Trabelsi  Moncef Zaïri  Habib Smida  Hamed Ben Dhia 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2005,337(5):515-524

The intensive agricultural and economic activities induce the increase of the risk of groundwater quality degradation through high groundwater pumping rates. The salinization and contamination are the main sources of this pollution, especially in coastal aquifers. The explanation of the origin of salinity for the shallow aquifer of Northern Sahel of Sfax was analysed by a chemical study of the groundwater main compounds. The partitioning of groundwaters into homogenous groups is undertaken by graphical techniques, including a Stiff pattern diagram, an expanded Durov diagram and several binary diagrams. The study indicates the presence of various salinization processes. In the recharge area, salinization is the result of dissolution/precipitation of the aquifer formation material (group I). The irrigation water return and the intensive pumping have been identified as major sources of salinization in the south by direct cation exchange and mixing reactions (groups II and III). The anomaly of high groundwater salinity observed near the Hazeg zone was explained by the presence of a seawater intrusion in this area. This hypothesis is related to the high chloride concentration, to the presence of inverse cation exchange reactions (group IV), and to the piezometric level inferior to sea level. To cite this article: R. Trabelsi et al., C. R. Geoscience 337 (2005).  相似文献   

贵州喀斯特山区墓地利用管理与耕地保护   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

莫世江 《云南地理环境研究》2005,17(3):31-34

通过对贵州亮岩峰丛山地的墓地进行随机抽样调查和统计分析,显示出墓地在一定坡度上的特定地段有集中趋势;在对墓地选址与土层厚度进行显著性检验后表明:喀斯特地区土层厚度著性影响墓地分布。以至于绝大多数墓地集中分布在日照较好、排水畅通、土层较厚的阳坡山麓地带,以占用土层较厚的优质耕地为主。在现实的墓地利用管理实践中,实施统一规划、集中管理,建立有偿使用制度、严格用地指标,加强墓地绿化,实行墓地园林化建设等措施,以期综合性多元化开发利用墓地,有效保护耕地资源。  相似文献   

青藏高原腹地植物碳同位素组成对环境条件的响应   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

王谋  李勇  黄润秋  李亚林  张玉修 《山地学报》2005,23(3):274-279

现代植物碳同位素组成是特定环境影响的结果,通过对植物碳同位素组成的研究可以揭示植物生长期环境信息。针对青藏高原腹地高寒草甸~高寒草原过渡区植被碳同位素组成进行研究;该区高山嵩草样δ13C值在-25.63‰~-27.95‰间,平均值-26.63‰;高寒草原区混合样δ13C值于-26.29‰~-27.73‰间,平均值-27.04‰。高山嵩草样δ13C值总体呈现由南东往北西方向正偏趋势,研究区北部高寒草原区混合植物样也呈现出由南向北富重碳同位素趋势。这些变化规律被认为是主要受降水环境影响的结果,而区域内降水条件的展布规律则是受高原夏季风运移方式的控制。对植物δ13C值与地理位置的回归分析表明,该区植被碳同位素组成与地理位置相关,高山嵩草样(r=0.44603,n=29,p<0.05)和混合样(r=0.8112,n=5,p<0.1)均表现出对区域降水环境条件的良好响应。据此,以该区植物δ13C值为背景,进行合理推算,拟定了研究区内干旱区和湿润区界限的位置。  相似文献   

中国道路网引起的景观破碎格局及其对保护区的影响     

黄梦娜  马廷 《地球信息科学学报》2019,21(8):1183-1195

道路的修建往往带来景观破碎、生态系统功能受损等后果。有关道路网络的生态影响格局及其影响因素,是当前道路生态学、地理空间分析等领域共同关注的问题。本文利用2015年全国道路网络数据,采用定量空间分析方法,刻画了当前中国铺装道路所引起的陆表景观破碎的格局特征,并分析了道路网络对自然保护区的干扰及与多变量的影响关系。结果表明：① 全国铺装道路的生态影响面积占陆地面积的10%,将陆表切割成3万多个斑块,并呈现小斑块数目众多,大斑块数目较少的分布特点;同时,陆表破碎化程度呈现明显的东西分异规律,空间格局与人口分布、经济发展水平等影响因素的地理分布规律趋同;② 全国约58%的自然保护区受到道路干扰,保护区的受干扰情况存在高等级保护区受干扰弱、低等级保护区次之、国家公园受干扰程度最强等差异特征,且国家公园处于受干扰高于未设保护区域的状态;③ 主要人类活动因素与保护区受干扰程度呈正相关,保护区面积、地形因素与受干扰程度呈负相关,具有面积小、受保护等级低、位于平原地区、气候适宜等特征的保护区更易受到道路干扰,处于已经受到人类活动破坏,生态脆弱的状态。因此,中国道路建设应追求社会发展与生态保护双平衡,同时道路干扰受到自然以及人文要素的共同作用,在相关影响机制研究和生态保护政策制定中应进行综合考虑。  相似文献   

Last interglacial vegetation and climate history from the Portuguese coast          下载免费PDF全文

T. A. MINCKLEY  J. A. HAWS  M. M. BENEDETTI  S. C. BREWER  S. L. FORMAN 《第四纪科学杂志》2015,30(1):59-69

  相似文献   

The Three American Wests     

Joe Weber 《The Professional geographer》2019,71(2):239-252

In the twenty-first century, there are three American Wests, which cut across cultural, political, physical, and economic boundaries. Parts of the West are booming, building homes, and adding population; others are legally off limits to such development; and much of the West has been bypassed by such development and growth. These are called here the Booming West, Protected West, and Bypassed West. Maps of climate, political boundaries, ethnic and racial identities, or presidential voting patterns do not match these three Wests. Each West has a different relationship to the others and might see them as threats or opportunities, and each West can be expected to grow in different areas at the expense of other Wests. The boundaries between the three Wests could be important locations; sharp transitions can exist between Wests, perhaps nowhere more so than where a fast growing metro area abuts a national park or forest boundary. Finally, the effects of climate change cut across the three Wests and have different implications for their future. Continued population growth will further emphasize the boundaries between each of the three Wests and raise the stakes for their control.  相似文献   

Political ecology of tiger conservation in India: Adverse effects of banning customary practices in a protected area     

Nitin D. Rai  Tor A. Benjaminsen  Siddhartha Krishnan  C. Madegowda 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2019,40(1):124-139

Protected areas have had significant impacts on local communities primarily through the physical removal of people. In some instances, people continue to live within protected areas due to the inability of the state to evict them. The restrictions on livelihoods placed on people living inside protected areas lead to in situ displacement. We show how conservation enclosures in the Biligiri Rangaswamy Temple Tiger Reserve have produced a class of people that the state ‘lets die’ by banning customary practices such as fire use, hunting and harvesting of forest produce. Using longitudinal ethnographic, socio‐economic and ecological data, we demonstrate that conservation policy has alienated indigenous forest dwellers from their agricultural and forest‐land. The outcomes of conservation policy include dispossession through increased crop losses, reduced income from agriculture and forest produce, as well as a forest that is dominated by weeds due to fire suppression. The ban on hunting in particular has increased wildlife densities, which has enabled the state to accumulate revenues through the establishment of wildlife tourism facilities. All in all, centralized protected area governance has changed the relationships among people, forest and the state in a way that has produced adverse effects for both livelihoods and the ecosystem.  相似文献   

基于景观格局变化的海岸带生态风险评价——以辽宁省瓦房店市为例          下载免费PDF全文

欧阳雪敏  艾彬  贾晓韡 《海洋开发与管理》2018,35(1):105-113

文章利用RS和GIS技术手段对辽宁省瓦房店市1990—2015年的变迁过程进行监测,得出各历史时期的土地利用变化信息。将各类土地利用信息与景观生态学相结合,利用景观格局破碎度、景观分离度、景观优势度作为指标构建景观损失指数,并利用景观组分的面积比重构建海岸带生态风险指数。基于ArcGIS和Fragstats软件平台,通过空间采样和插值方法得到区域生态风险的空间分布,据此重构了瓦房店市1990—2015年的生态风险值变化过程。监测表明,1990—2015年期间,耕地、林地和滩涂呈减少趋势,水域和建设用地逐年增加,其他类型变化幅度不大。虽然耕地所占总面积比例由45.37%减少至37.23%,但一直是瓦房店最主要的景观。25年间瓦房店生态安全总体呈下降态势,1990—2015年6时段的生态风险年平均值分别为0.211 9、0.200 3、0.203 2、0.194 9、0.209 7和0.209 1。在时间维度,1990—2005年和2010—2015年生态安全度下降明显;在空间维度,瓦房店市海岸带的李官镇-三台满族乡和谢屯镇-炮台镇的生态风险度高,西杨乡、东岗镇和驼山乡生态风险由极高降为高或中,生态安全度有所提高。研究表明,人口和社会经济发展是影响瓦房店市景观格局变化的主要因素,该区域未来海岸带要实现可持续开发必须要进行科学的规划。  相似文献