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131.
舟山港4艘商船压舱箱沉积物中甲藻孢囊种群结构的分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了解商船压舱箱沉积物在海洋水生生物入侵过程中扮演的潜在媒介作用,本文利用光学显微镜观察法,研究了停泊于我国舟山港4艘商船压舱箱沉积物中甲藻孢囊的种类组成、孢囊密度、香农-威纳指数(H′)和PSP原因种,并对甲藻孢囊种群结构进行了相关性分析。结果表明,鉴定出的甲藻孢囊隶属于5大类,共24种,4份样品中甲藻孢囊的种群结构各有差异,但均检测出能产生麻痹性贝毒(Paralytic Shellfish Poisons,PSP)的甲藻孢囊,如亚历山大藻Alexandriumspp.和链状裸甲藻Gymnodium catenatum。在4艘商船的压舱箱沉积物中均检测出有硅藻分布,其中在富成轮压舱箱沉积物中还检测出3种未知种孢囊。通过相关性分析可知,甲藻孢囊H′值与PSP甲藻孢囊密度占总甲藻孢囊密度的比率呈负相关。甲藻可以通过商船压舱箱沉积物为传播媒介,以孢囊形式来扩大其生物地理分布,提高甲藻物种多样性可有助于降低PSP甲藻的破坏风险。因此,有效处理船只压舱箱沉积物、积极保护当地海洋生物物种多样性,对于降低外来甲藻物种(特别是一些有毒有害种)的赤潮风险和保持当地海洋生态系统的平衡,具有十分重要的意义。 相似文献
132.
自20世纪90年代末起,沙海蜇频繁暴发于东亚海域,特别是8、9月份为黄海沙海蜇生物量的高峰期/大量暴发期。研究沙海蜇的大量出现对所在生态系统的影响十分必要,最直接的影响表现在对饵料生物浮游动物的影响。本文研究了黄海2006和2007年8、9月份沙海蜇的呼吸率、摄食率,估算了沙海蜇的食物需求量及其在黄海的分布格局,获得了其每天对中、大型浮游动物现存量及生产力的潜在摄食压力。结果表明沙海蜇的食物需求量的分布格局与其生物量的分布格局一致。在沙海蜇的捕获率为最大时,2006年9月上旬沙海蜇的摄食率为47.84(0.7—215.05)mg C/(m2d)。假设中、大型浮游动物都可以作为沙海蜇的摄食对象,那么每天对中、大型浮游动物现存量及生产力的摄食压力平均分别为6.4%(0.09%—28.79%)和76.61%(1.12%—344.28%)。2006年9月下旬及2007年8月沙海蜇的食物需求比2009年9月上旬有所降低。因此,沙海蜇在暴发期间对中、大型浮游动物潜在的消耗非常大,甚至是毁灭性的。尤其是沙海蜇在高生物量站位对浮游动物的食物需求非常高,沙海蜇对浮游动物的摄食压力远超过了浮游动物本身的生产力(大于100%),这时的浮游动物远远不能满足沙海蜇的食物需求。本文的研究结果为探讨沙海蜇暴发对黄海浮游生态系统的影响程度提供了基础资料。 相似文献
133.
Phosphorus in suspended matter and sediments of a hypertrophic lake. A case study: Lake Dianchi,China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
From June 2004 to December 2004, Lake Dianchi, which had large scale of cyanobacterial blooms was investigated in order to
study P-fractionation in the suspended matter and the sediment. The investigation improves our understanding of phosphorus
in Lake Dianchi and the relationship between phosphorus and cyanobacterial blooms. It contributes to the available literature
on the behavior of P in hypertrophic lakes. The distribution of P-fractions in Lake Dianchi was not uniform from northwest
to south, but was closely related to the trophic status of the whole lake. The concentrations of total phosphorus, labile
P (NH4Cl-P), Organic P (NaOH-NRP) and loss on ignition in suspended matter were positively correlated with the strength of cyanobacterial
blooms. Total phosphorus in suspended matter was relatively stable for almost half an year and closely related to Chl. a concentration. The main content of organic phosphorus is in the cyanobacterial blooms. The concentrations of phosphorus bound
to metal oxides and carbonates (NaOH-SRP and HCl-P) in sediment were similar to NaOH-SRP and HCl-P in the corresponding suspended
matter. The latter two forms of P in suspended matter were not affected by cyanobacterial blooms, indicating that the inorganic
phosphorus is derived from the sediment after resuspension from the sediment due to wind and wave action. The contribution
of the different P-fractions to TP in sediment and in suspended matter indicates that NH4Cl-P in the suspended matter is an important buffer for maintaining dissolved phosphorus in water. 相似文献
134.
Fleur C. van Duyl Winfried W. C. Gieskes Arjen J. Kop Wilma E. Lewis 《Journal of Sea Research》1998,40(3-4)
In the spring of 1995, short-term variations in the concentration of particulate and dissolved dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) and dimethylsulfide (DMS) were monitored in the western Wadden Sea, a shallow coastal region in open connection with the North Sea. Significant correlations were found between abundance of Phaeocystis globosa and particulate DMSP; concentrations increased rapidly from 100 to 1650 nM in the middle of April. Highest DMS concentrations were found during the initial phase of the exponential growth of the bloom. DMS production and loss rates of DMSP and DMS were estimated experimentally during various phases of the bloom. DMS production and consumption were roughly in balance, with production only slightly exceeding consumption at the start of the bloom. Rates of production and consumption were highest during the exponential growth phase of Phaeocystis and declined in the course of the bloom (from 300–375 to less than 5 nmol dm−3 d−1). Demethylation of DMSP increased during the bloom (from 11 to 1300 nmol dm−3 d−1); it accounted for up to 100% of the DMSP loss at the end of the bloom. The shift from DMSP cleavage to demethylation in the course of a Phaeocystis bloom implies that DMS concentrations are not necessarily highest at the peak or towards the end of blooms. 相似文献
135.
The concentrations of Cu, Ni and Cd were determined in Funka Bay during a spring phytoplankton bloom, consisting of diatoms.
Just after the bloom, both dissolved Cd and nutrients were removed in the euphotic zone. However, the removal ratio of Cd
to phosphate was very different from that in seawater. The removal of Cd took place at a Cd/phosphate ratio of 0.07×10−3, which was lower than in seawater before the bloom (0.25×10−3), leading to an increase in this ratio in seawater exceeding 0.7×10−3 at the end of the bloom. Elevated concentrations of Cd and phosphate were observed in the deeper layer after the bloom due
to the decomposition of detrital materials produced in the bloom. The ratio of Cd/phosphate in the regeneration step was 0.24×10−3 which was different from the removal ratio of 0.07×10−3. These observations suggest that the high Cd/phosphate ratio in the regeneration would reflect a relatively high regeneration
rate of Cd than that of phosphate. No significant decrease in Cu and Ni concentrations was observed during the development
of the bloom, suggesting that biological removal of these metals was not so significant during the spring bloom. The concentrations
of Cd, Cu and silicate in surface waters increased after the bloom with decreasing salinity due to the influence of a spring
thaw. 相似文献
136.
铁氨氧化(Feammox)是近年来发现的一种新型的厌氧氨氧化耦合三价铁[Fe(Ⅲ)]还原的脱氮途径,该途径对于水生态系统中的氮素自净可能有着重要的作用。但是相对于废水处理和农田土壤,目前自然水体中Feammox相关的研究相对甚少。为此,本研究采集太湖不同区域沉积物进行厌氧培养,并借助同位素技术和分子生物学等手段,对沉积物中铁、氮循环相关细菌、Feammox影响因素以及潜在速率等进行了探究。厌氧培养过程中,亚铁[Fe(Ⅱ)]和各形态氮的浓度以及沉积物形态和颜色的变化,表明沉积物中发生了Feammox反应,并且硝酸盐(NO3-)是铵(NH4+)氧化的重要产物之一。不同氨氮(NH4+-N)添加量的厌氧培养实验表明,NH4+可以促进Fe(Ⅲ)的还原,但过量的NH4+可能会产生抑制效应。不同Fe(Ⅲ)添加量的各处理中,NH4+-N浓度的... 相似文献
137.
太湖水华成因及控制途径初探 总被引：45，自引：12，他引：45
1990年8～12月对太湖水华9次调查表明,水华主要由漂浮性蓝藻—微囊藻组成,夏季SE风时其漂移集聚是西北湖区形成严重水华的主要原因。这种漂移使得藻类所含营养物逆吞吐流方向传输,形成了一种“生物营养滤器”,加速了太湖尤其是西北湖区的富营养化进程。太湖外源N、P负荷量分别为12.0和0.85g/(m~2·a),足以引起富营养化;表层5cm底泥中含丰富的N、P,其释放也成为湖水中部分营养的来源。因2～8月藻类总生物量的增长基本遵守Logistic方程dN/dt=N·r(1—N/K),故对藻类控制可从N、r入手,即通过收获藻类达到控制藻类总量和营养输出的双重功效;提高水位增加非光合层厚度,有效地降低水柱中藻类生产力;建立有水生植被的水质保护区也是一种局部藻类控制方法。 相似文献
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