An operational multiscale system for hazards prediction, mapping, and response     

David P. Bacon  Nash’at N. Ahmad  Thomas J. Dunn  Michael C. Monteith  Ananthakrishna Sarma 《Natural Hazards》2008,44(3):317-327

By definition, a crisis is a situation that requires assistance to be managed. Hence, response to a crisis involves the merging of local and non-local emergency response personnel. In this situation, it is critical that each participant: (1) know the roles and responsibilities of each of the other participants; (2) know the capabilities of each of the participants; and (3) have a common basis for action. For many types of natural disasters, this entails having a common operational picture of the unfolding events, including detailed information on the weather, both current and forecasted, that may impact on either the emergency itself or on response activities. The Consequences Assessment Tool Set (CATS) is a comprehensive package of hazard prediction models and casualty and damage assessment tools that provides a linkage between a modeled or observed effect and the attendant consequences for populations, infrastructure, and resources, and, hence, provides the common operational picture for emergency response. The Operational Multiscale Environment model with Grid Adaptivity (OMEGA) is an atmospheric simulation system that links the latest methods in computational fluid dynamics and high-resolution gridding technologies with numerical weather prediction to provide specific weather analysis and forecast capability that can be merged into the geographic information system framework of CATS. This paper documents the problem of emergency response as an end-to-end system and presents the integrated CATS–OMEGA system as a prototype of such a system that has been used successfully in a number of different situations.  相似文献   

黄山高速滑移弯曲边坡变形机理分析及应急治理对策     

巨能攀  赵建军  邓辉  黄润秋  段海澎 《地球科学进展》2008,23(5):474-481

黄山高速公路穿行于皖南山区,公路建设过程中,汤口互通A匝道高边坡产生了大范围变形,严重威胁已有构筑物和施工安全。为保证边坡稳定,成立“应急指挥小组”,建立快速反应机制,并采用工程地质测绘、勘探、监测等手段,快速查明边坡结构特征,分析边坡变形机理和稳定性,提出应急治理方案。分析表明,该边坡为层间软弱夹层[JP2]发育的砂泥岩互层型顺向边坡,地质历史上边坡曾发生滑移—弯曲变形,公路施工时对弯曲隆起部位岩体进行开挖,引起坡体产生快速变形,在降雨、开挖等条件下,边坡产生整体失稳的可能性极大。在分析边坡变形机制基础上,应用变形控制理论,确定对边坡采取桩锚结合、综合排水的应急治理措施,并根据变形特点提出了应急治理施工步骤。应急治理措施实施后,边坡变形得到了有效控制,稳定性达到了高速公路的安全要求  相似文献   

基于WiMAX的地质灾害应急无线通信系统探索     

达格  张丽君 《国土资源信息化》2008,(4):15-19

基于OFDM核心技术的WiMAX(全球微波接入互操作性)具有4G技术的特点。与3G和WiFi无线通讯技术相比具有明显的高速率、大容量数据传输优势。本文就基于WiMAX的地质灾害应急通讯系统的几种技术方案加以详细论述,说明WiMAX在地质灾害应急指挥中具有广阔前景。  相似文献   

如何面对潜在客户的拒绝     

于春红 《气象研究与应用》2003,24(3):59-60

电话营销作为广告营销的一种主要方式,在广告营销过程中起着重要作用,根据这一营销特征,就如何面对客户在电话中拒绝提出相应的应对技巧,以赢得客户。  相似文献   

矿坑水净化处理与利用   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

邵爱军  王晓东 《水文地质工程地质》1997,24(1):46-48

本文论述了矿坑水的净化处理方法与工艺流程，主要处理方法有混凝，沉淀，过滤及消毒，不同水质特点应选用不同的处理方法和工艺流程，最后通过实例说明了矿坑水净化处理与利用，具有明显的社会效益，经济效益和环境效益。  相似文献   

基于三角网的"种子法"多边形生成     

艾廷华  陈涛 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2004,29(1):14-19

将传统上广泛使用的“种子法”和“矢量求交法”的思想相结合 ,提出了一种基于约束Delaunay三角网结构的多边形生成算法。详细描述了该方法的基本思想 ,在实验基础上分析了算法的特点。  相似文献   

论城市应急避险场所建设   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王强  周正 《地震工程学报》2005,27(4):374-376

做好减灾工作,加强应急避险场所建设是一项重要的任务,是落实以人为本,构建和谐社会的具体体现之一。1城市应急避险场所的性质笔者认为,城市避险场所的定义为:城市应急避险场所是为城市或城镇受到各种灾害侵袭而暂时离开居所的人群临时提供的、利用各种空旷场地和大型馆所预先设立的躲避灾难、居留和生活的公共场所。各种灾害包括自然灾害、事故灾难、突发公共卫生灾害、突发社会安全事件等。受助人群包括当地居民以及受灾当地的外来人群。避险场所提供的是临时性的居留场所,其基本服务是政府免费提供的,一旦灾难结束或受灾家园得到重建,停…  相似文献   

云南宁蒗地震应急对策与探讨     

王学仁 《地震工程学报》2005,27(4):377-379

0引言1998年8月至2000年1月在云南省丽江地区宁蒗县境内先后发生13次4~6.2级地震。这一组强震事件前,丽江行署地震局前方工作组、宁蒗县地震局根据多年的预报经验两次向中国地震局和省地震局填报了临震预报卡,准确判定了各个阶段的震情发展趋势,较成功地实现了对这组地震事件的临震预报。与此同时,向丽江地委、行署、宁蒗县委、县政府等明确提出了地震应急对策措施和建议。震前行署地震局前方工作组到极震区的烂泥箐乡开展了防震减灾科普知识宣传活动,为地方政府和震区的人民群众在震前及时实施各项有效的防震减灾措施奠定了基础,对减少灾区…  相似文献   

Retaining wall optimization using interior search algorithm with different bound constraint handling          下载免费PDF全文

A.H. Gandomi  A.R. Kashani  F. Zeighami 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2017,41(11):1304-1331

Along with the applicability of optimization algorithms, there are lots of features that can affect the functioning of the optimization techniques. The main purpose of this paper is investigating the significance of boundary constraint handling (BCH) schemes on the performance of optimization algorithms. To this end, numbers of deterministic and probabilistic BCH approaches are applied to one of the most recent proposed optimization techniques, named interior search algorithm (ISA). Apart from the implementing different BCH methods, a sensitivity analysis is conducted to find an appropriate setting for the only parameter of ISA. Concrete cantilever retaining wall design as one of the most important geotechnical problems is tackled to declare proficiency of the ISA algorithm, on the one hand, and benchmark the effect of BCH schemes on the final results, on the contrary. As results demonstrate, various BCH approaches have a perceptible impact on the algorithm performance. In like manner, the essential parameter of ISA can also play a pivotal role in this algorithm's efficiency. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

A note on “Origin of components in Chilean thermal waters” by     

《Journal of South American Earth Sciences》2016

Risacher et al. (2011) have presented voluminous data on thermal waters of Chile that is quite appreciable; however, their work still falls short on several counts. The most notable shortcoming of the work is the presentation and treatment of data. The interpretations are based on questionable premises (viz., extent of seawater intrusion) and considerations (viz., using average chemical composition of rock types for geochemical modeling, considering volcanic rocks as the only rock type in contact with the geothermal fluids) and assumptions not always substantiated by facts (with proper references) could have been corroborated. Use of Cl/Br ratio for discrimination purpose is unconvincing, considering the uncertainty in the measurement of low (<1 mg/L) Br concentration.  相似文献