A GCSS Boundary-Layer Cloud Model Intercomparison Study Of The First Astex Lagrangian Experiment     

Christopher S. Bretherton  Steven K. Krueger  Matthew C. Wyant  Peter Bechtold  Erik Van Meijgaard  Bjorn Stevens  Joao Teixeira 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》1999,93(3):341-380

Three single-column models (all with an explicit liquid water budget and compara-tively high vertical resolution) and three two-dimensional eddy-resolving models (including one with bin-resolved microphysics) are compared with observations from the first ASTEX Lagrangian experiment. This intercomparison was a part of the second GCSS boundary-layer cloud modelling workshop in August 1995.In the air column tracked during the first ASTEX Lagrangian experiment, a shallow subtropical drizzling stratocumulus-capped marine boundary layer deepens after two days into a cumulus capped boundary layer with patchy stratocumulus. The models are forced with time varying boundary conditions at the sea-surface and the capping inversion to simulate the changing environment of the air column.The models all predict the observed deepening and decoupling of the boundary layer quite well, with cumulus cloud evolution and thinning of the overlying stratocumulus. Thus these models all appear capable of predicting transitions between cloud and boundary-layer types with some skill. The models also produce realistic drizzle rates, but there are substantial quantitative differences in the cloud cover and liquid water path between models. The differences between the eddy-resolving model results are nearly as large as between the single column model results. The eddy resolving models give a more detailed picture of the boundary-layer evolution than the single-column models, but are still sensitive to the choice of microphysical and radiative parameterizations, sub-grid-scale turbulence models, and probably model resolution and dimensionality. One important example of the differences seen in these parameterizations is the absorption of solar radiation in a specified cloud layer, which varied by a factor of four between the model radiation parameterizations.  相似文献   

Ozone Dry Deposition and Resistances onto Green Grassland in Summer in Central Spain     

A. de Miguel  J. Bilbao 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1999,34(3):321-338

Measurements of ozone concentrations, and meteorological and surface parameters were carried out over a flat green grassland in northwest Spain, in July 1995. Turbulent parameters and sensible and latent heat fluxes were calculated using the gradient technique. Fluxes and deposition velocity and resistances were evaluated assuming that the diffusivity for heat fluxes was equal to pollutant diffusivity. The daily average value of dry deposition velocity was 6 mm s^-1 but it was influenced by wind velocity and atmospheric stability. Resistances have been calculated according to a simple resistance model and a comparison between theoretical and measured values has been made.  相似文献   

NUMERICAL SIMULATION STUDY OF HAIL CLOUD-PART Ⅰ:THE NUMERICAL MODEL          下载免费PDF全文

Hong Yanchao  Fan Pen 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》1999,13(2):188-199

In order to study mechanisms of hailstone formation and hail suppression with seeding and to obtain optimum seeding technique for hail cloud,a 3-D compressive numerical seeding model for hail cloud is developed.The water substance in hail cloud is divided into 8 categories,i.e.,water vapor,cloud droplet,raindrop,ice crystal,snow.graupel,frozen drop and hail,and the detailed microphysical processes are described in a spectrum with two variable parameters and more reasonable particle number/size distributions.Then,the model is able to predict concentration and water content of various particles.Especially.it can calculate the number of hailstones whose cores are graupel or frozen drop and apply to study mechanism of hailstone formation.Additionally,a conservative equation of AgI as seeding or glacigenous agent is found and nucleation by condensation of artificial nucleus,and nucleation by freezing of cloud droplet or rain drop which contact with AgI particle are considered.The dynamic energy flux of hail shooting on ground is used to verify seeding effect.Therefore the model is also used to study mechanism of hail suppression with seeding and the seeding technique.  相似文献   

EFFECTS OF BOUNDARY LAYER PARAMETERIZATION ON THE MONTHLY MEAN SIMULATION^*     

Zhang Qiong  Qian Yongfu 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》1999,13(1):73-85

Treatments of the boundary layer in a five-layer primitive equation model with mixed P-σ coordinates are improved by incorporating similarity theory,which is widely used at present.Two kinds of parameterization schemes of the boundary layer are designed,and static test and numerical simulation are performed.It is found that the iterative scheme can fairly improve the simulation of the mean climate field in July.The abnormally strong heat low over the Tibetan Plateau is weakened to some extent.  相似文献   

一种改进的质量通量积云参数化方案及预报试验   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

薛建军  闫之辉 《气象》1999,25(5):8-12

用国家气象中心有限区域业务预报模式,以１９９８年８月一次热带风暴降水过程为试验个例,对引入了下曳气流的质量通量积云对流参数方案和模式中的原质量通量积云参数化方案进行了对比试验。结果显示;引入了下曳气流后,通过提高对流降水量使降雨强度预报得以提高,更接近于实况;改进后的方案对大雨以上预报水平有一定的改善,各项评分结果均有所提高。  相似文献   

A preliminary study of the variation of phytoplankton absorption coefficients in the northern South China Sea     

WUJingyu  HONGHuasheng  SHANGShaoling  DAIMinhan  LEEZhongping  LIShaojing 《海洋学报(英文版)》2009,28(5):17-29

The temporal and spatial variabilities of phytoplankton absorption coefficients (a ph (λ)) and their relationships with physical processes in the northern South China Sea were examined, based on in situ data collected from two cruise surveys during May 14 to 25, 2001 and November 2 to 21, 2002. Significant changes in the surface water in a ph values and B/R ratios (a ph (440)/a ph (675)) were observed in May, which were caused by a phytoplankton bloom on the inner shelf stimulated by a large river plume due...  相似文献   

北太平洋涡旋对基于细尺度参数化的海洋内部混合的影响     

陈娟  李少峰  曹安州  宋金宝 《海洋与湖沼》2020,51(2):248-257

基于Vector Geometry方法对2016—2018年的高度计资料进行涡旋识别,并使用细尺度参数化方法和Argo数据计算了涡旋附近的海洋内部扩散率,分析了北太平洋的涡旋对海洋内部混合的影响。结果显示,研究区域在涡旋影响下的平均扩散率比无涡旋影响下的值大6%,并且气旋涡增强了600—1200m深度的混合,对600—900m深度的混合影响最大,可达18%;反气旋涡明显增强了300—900m深度的混合,但对900—1200m深度的混合没有明显影响。随着与涡旋中心距离的增大,涡旋外围混合扩散率缓慢减小,涡旋内部混合扩散率变化不明显,此结果与2014年3—10月在24°—36°N、132°—152°E区域的一个个例分析结果一致。此外,随着涡旋强度的增大,海洋内部混合明显增强。统计结果表明,在研究区域, 90%的扩散率值在10~(-5.5)—10~(-4)m~2/s范围内。  相似文献   

双矩阵算法的L波段多角度玉米微波辐射参数化模型     

张谦  柴琳娜  施建成 《遥感学报》2017,21(2):182-192

双矩阵MD(Matrix-Doubling)算法是辐射传输方程的一种数值解,考虑了植被层内的多次散射信号,具有较高的模拟精度。但受限于算法的复杂性,很难直接应用到地表参数的反演中。本文以玉米覆盖地表为研究对象,基于MD算法的模拟数据,发展了一种L波段多角度微波辐射参数化模型。基于模拟数据的对比结果表明,参数化模型具有与理论模型相当的精度,两者之间的发射率误差不超过0.004(V极化)和0.007(H极化)。同时,结合黑河流域的地面实测数据,利用本论文中发展的参数化模型模拟了纯玉米像元的辐射亮温。该模拟结果与相同像元尺度上机载L波段微波辐射计(PLMR)观测亮温之间的差异基本在10 K以内。  相似文献   

中国2003年北极海冰调查及未来北极海冰研究战略   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

李志军  张占海 《极地研究》2004,16(3):202-210

以建立气候模式中的海冰模式为主线 ,首先回顾了国际上海冰模式发展现状和趋势 ,从现有模式机理上存在的问题说明认识海冰各物理过程的现场和实验室调查研究的关键科学问题。之后介绍了中国第二次北极科学考察中的海冰调查内容。最后结合国内调查研究能力和国际上海冰科学发展走向 ,根据国内外资料和极地海冰的客观现象 ,提出 6项战略 ,希望作为以后中国北极海冰理论和模式为背景的现场和实验室研究的方向。  相似文献   

基于改进Noah LSM和数值天气预报耦合模式对表层土壤湿度在典型暴雨过程中的模拟          下载免费PDF全文

ZHENG Zi-Yan  ZHANG Wan-Chang  XU Jing-Wen  YAN Zhong-Wei  LU Xue-Mei 《大气和海洋科学快报》2011,4(1):18-23

Surface soil moisture has great impact on both meso- and microscale atmospheric processes, especially on severe local convection processes and on the dynamics of short-lived torrential rains. To promote the performance of the land surface model (LSM) in surface soil moisture simulations, a hybrid hydrologic runoff parameterization scheme based upon the essential modeling theories of the Xin’anjiang model and TOPography based hydrological MODEL (TOPMODEL) was developed in preference to the simple water balance model (SWB) in the Noah LSM. Using a strategy for coupling and integrating this modified Noah LSM to the Global/Regional Assimilation and Prediction System (GRAPES) analogous to that used with the standard Noah LSM, a simulation of atmosphere-land surface interactions for a torrential event during 2007 in Shandong was attempted. The results suggested that the surface, 10-cm depth soil moisture simulated by GRAPES using the modified hydrologic approach agrees well with the observations. Improvements from the simulated results were found, especially over eastern Shandong. The simulated results, compared with the products of the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) soil moisture datasets, indicated a consistent spatial pattern over all of China. The temporal variation of surface soil moisture was validated with the data at an observation station, also demonstrated that GRAPES with modified Noah LSM exhibits a more reasonable response to precipitation events, even though biases and systematic trends may still exist.  相似文献