河北张北6.2级地震中农村房屋破坏特征分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张启富  兰青龙  孟雁英 《山西地震》1999,(2):36-38

对１９９８年１月１０日河北张北６．２级地震灾区的房屋建筑类型进行了划分,概述了各类建筑物的平面布置、墙体、屋顶、承重结构和地基等情况,总结了各类房屋建筑的破坏特点,并对造成破坏严重的原因进行了分析  相似文献   

Hazard Assessment of Co-seismic Landslides Based on Information Value Method: A Case in 2018 MW6.6 Hokkaido Earthquake, Japan     

WEN Boyu  XU Chong  HE Xiangli  MA Siyuan  SHAO Xiaoyi  LI Kai  ZHANG Zhongjian  LI Zhengfang 《中国地震研究》2020,34(1):64-80

An M_W6.6 earthquake occurred in eastern Hokkaido, Japan on September 6^th, 2018. Based on the pre-earthquake image from Google Earth and the post-earthquake image from high resolution (3 m) planet satellite, we manually interpret 9 293 coseismic landslides and select 7 influencing factors of seismic landslide, such as elevation, slope, slope direction, road distance, flow distance, peak ground acceleration (PGA) and lithology. Then, 9 293 landslide points are randomly divided into training samples and validation samples with a proportion of 7:3. In detail, the training sample has 6 505 landslide points and the validation sample has 2 788 landslide points. The hazard risk assessment of seismic landslide is conducted by using the information value method and the study area is further divided into five risk grades, including very low risk area, low risk area, moderate risk area high risk area and very high risk area. The results show that there are 7 576 landslides in high risk area and very high risk area, accounting for 81.52% of the total landslide number, and the landslide area is 22.93 km², accounting for 74.35% of the total area. The hazard zoning is in high accordance with the actual situation. The evaluation results are tested by using the curve of cumulative percentage of hazardous area and cumulative percentage of landslides number. The results show that the success rate of the information value method is 78.50% and the prediction rate is 78.43%. The evaluation results are satisfactory, indicating that the hazard risk assessment results based on information value method may provide scientific reference for landslide hazard risk assessment as well as the disaster prevention and mitigation in the study area.  相似文献   

Highlights of Recent Scientific Earthquake Hazard Mitigation     

PENG Fei 《中国地震研究》2019,33(1):164-170

Earthquakes are a serious natural disaster faced by countries all over the world. Research on earthquake hazard mitigation are important parts of earthquake science and is a feature of China''s development of earthquake science. In recent years, the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) of the People''s Republic of China, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) and the China Earthquake Administration (CEA) have attached great importance to basic research on earthquake hazard mitigation, and new opportunities and challenges have emerged. This paper collects the applications and approvals of the National Key R&D Program and the NSFC projects undertaken by the research institutes of the CEA system in recent years. The CEA system has received funding in the 13th “Five-year Plan” for “Monitoring, Early Warning and Prevention of Major Natural Disaster”. The implementation of these projects is expected to provide support for the basic science and applied research of the CEA system. In the NSFC, the number of applications from the CEA system is relatively stable, and the funding rate is slightly higher than the average for the department of earth science. Although no detailed statistical analysis has been performed, the CEA system still has room for improvement in the application of talent and major programs. I hope that the brief review of new opportunities that have arose in recent years described in this article can provide some background and new thinking for future challenges.  相似文献   

中国近五千年来地质灾害事件群发周期初步研究     

程谦恭  胡广韬  肖荣久 《地球科学与环境学报》1995,(4)

中国近五千年来山崩滑坡地裂等地质灾害事件存在着多种时间尺度的群发期。最显著的群发期出现在中国黄帝、夏桀、殷代、周代、西汉、东汉、西晋、元代、明清、清末时期。近８００起灾害事件时间序列谱分析表明，多尺度群发周期序列为１３８０，６００，２８８，１６２，１１８，７２，６１，３１，２４，２０，１５，１１年，具有可公度性和对数螺线性，并且与冰川泥石流、火山爆发、陨石坠落等周期序列相近，与地球运动周期、气候旋回、地质旋回一致。  相似文献   

兰州市滑坡泥石流灾害与防治     

吴玮江  冯学才  王志荣  王文朴  李炳龙  刘德明 《地球科学与环境学报》1996,(3)

本文在研究兰州市滑坡、泥石流类型、分布与发展趋势的基础上，论述了滑坡、泥石流防治现状和存在问题，指出了加强防治工作的紧迫性，提出了滑坡、泥石流灾害防治的指导思想、目标和对策，强调了开展系统防灾的重要性。  相似文献   

Authors' reply to discussion by I. Yilmaz on “Development and morphometry of sinkholes in coastal plains of Apulia, southern Italy. Preliminary sinkhole susceptibility assessment” [Engineering Geology 99 (2008) 198–209]     

E. Bruno  D. Calcaterra  M. Parise   《Engineering Geology》2008,101(3-4):285-287

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Karst flash flooding in a Mediterranean karst, the example of Fontaine de Nîmes     

J.C. Marchal  B. Ladouche  N. Drfliger 《Engineering Geology》2008,99(3-4):138

Karst flash flooding, identified as one of the hazards in karst terrains, is directly linked to the structure and hydraulic properties of karst aquifers. Due to the characteristics of flow within karst aquifers, characterized by a dual flow – diffuse flow within fissured limestone and conduit flow within karst conduits networks – flash flooding may be important in volume and dynamics. Such phenomenon may cause serious damages including loss of lives, as it occurred on 3rd October 1988 in Nîmes (Gard, South France). Flash floods there have been considered to be the result of very intensive rainfall events conjugated to runoff due to the geomorphologic context of the city located down hill. However, preliminary results of recent studies of the hydrologic behaviour of groundwater and surface water for a specific event (September 2005) show that the karst plays an important role in the flood genesis. The main characteristics of the Nîmes karst system leading to karst flash flooding are presented in this paper. A methodology comprising modelling of the karst system allowed proposing simple warning thresholds for various part of the karst (water level threshold for the karst conduits and cumulative rainfall threshold for the overflowing fissured karst). These thresholds can be included in the flash flood warning system of the Nîmes city.  相似文献   

The GIS approach to evaporite-karst geohazards in Great Britain   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

A. H. Cooper 《Environmental Geology》2008,53(5):981-992

Evaporite karst in Great Britain has formed in Permian and Triassic gypsum, and in Triassic salt. Active dissolution of these deposits can occur on a human rather than a geological timescale causing subsidence and building damage. The British Geological Survey has taken two approaches towards understanding and advising on hazards caused by dissolution of these soluble rocks. At a detailed level, a national database and GIS of karstic features is being populated. Information gathered includes dolines, springs, stream sinks, caves and building damage. At a national level, the soluble rocks in Great Britain have been identified and digital-map polygon information relating to them was extracted from the British 1:50,000-scale digital geological map. These areas have been assessed, and in places their margins extended to include some overlying rocks where subsidence features are known to penetrate upwards through the overlying sequence. The national areas have then been assessed using detailed local information to assign a susceptibility rating from A (extremely low) to E (high), depending on the nature and regularity of the subsidence events that occur. This national zonation of the soluble rocks can be used for planning, construction and in the insurance businesses. This has proved useful for assessing the potential stability of linear routes, such as roads and pipelines or for other important structures such as bridges and buildings. The information can also be used to delineate zones of karstic groundwater flow.  相似文献   

Natural hazards in the Bavarian Alps: a historical approach to risk assessment     

C. Copien  C. Frank  M. Becht 《Natural Hazards》2008,45(2):173-181

The Bavarian Alps region is strongly affected by various natural hazards, mainly hydrological events (floods, debris flows), geomorphic/geological events (landslides, rock falls), and avalanches. Extraordinary floods, like in 2002 or in the summer of 2005 in south Bavaria, have again posed the question of the possible extent and frequency of recurrence of catastrophic events. To put risk assessment on a broader basis historical data about all kinds of past natural hazards were detected in the archives of local authorities and administrative offices for water management. More than 10,000 sources (written accounts, maps, and photographs) were collated in a database. The majority of this information reaches back to the middle of the 19th century. In addition, many documents referring to events dating back even as far as the middle age were found. The Historische Analyse von NaturGefahren (HANG, historical analysis of natural hazards) project at the University of Eichstaett mainly focuses on a small-scale examination of the data. Initial results of the data analysis show that most catastrophic events in the Bavarian Alps only affect parts of the area, but not the whole region. Therefore it is necessary to assess the risk potential on a local scale like valleys, the catchment areas of mountain streams, or even single streams. Firstly the presented data is aimed to help engineers in future planning of hazard-protection measures. Secondly the information can form a vital component to enhance our knowledge of hydrological and geomorphic/geological dynamics in the Alps.  相似文献   

Characteristics analysis for the flash flood-induced debris flows   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

Chen Chien-Yuan  Chen Lien-Kuang  Yu Fan-Chieh  Lin Sheng-Chi  Lin Yu-Ching  Lee Chou-Lung  Wang Yu-Ting  Cheung Kei-Wai 《Natural Hazards》2008,47(2):245-261

Typhoon Haitang caused landfall on Taiwan during 15–21 July, 2005 and brought 2,279 mm of maximum cumulative rain with a maximum intensity of 176 mm/h. The torrential rain was mainly distributed from the central mountain range to southern Taiwan and triggered 222 slopeland-related hazards. Among the hazard events, there were 17 debris flows, 157 cases of traffic cut-off, three large-magnitude deep-seated landslides, and 10 villages isolated in the off-track mountainous areas. The debris flows initiated in southern Taiwan were associated with torrential rain, short channel length (<2 km), and small basin area (<3 km²), and were speculated to be induced by flash flood. These flash flood-induced debris flows have a higher rainfall intensity-duration threshold for initiation than in other areas. The deep-seated landslides, isolated villages due to traffic cut-off in off-track mountain areas, and recurrent hazards in areas affected by the M_L 7.6 Chi-Chi earthquake in 1999 are characteristics of slopeland hazards in Taiwan in recent years. One of the most urgently needed mitigation strategies in response to slopeland hazards is the plan for enhancing self-rescue disaster resistance in off-track mountainous villages in Taiwan.  相似文献