Linear spectral unmixing algorithm for modelling suspended sediment concentration of flash floods,upper Tekeze River,Ethiopia     

《国际泥沙研究》2020,35(1):79-90

Flash floods are the highest sediment transporting agent,but are inaccessible for in-situ sampling and have rarely been analyzed by remote sensing technology.Laboratory and field experiments were done to develop linear spectral unmixing(LSU) remote sensing model and evaluate its performance in simulating the suspended sediment concentration(SSC) in flash floods.The models were developed from continuous monitoring in the laboratory and the onsite spectral signature of river bed sediment deposits and flash floods in the Tekeze River and in its tributary,the Tsirare River.The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to determine the variability of correlations between reflectance and SSCs.The coefficient of determination(R2) and root mean square of error(RMSE) were used to evaluate the performance of the generated models.The results found that the Pearson correlation coefficient between SSCs and reflectance varied based on the level of the SSCs,geological colors,and grain sizes.The performance of the LSU model and empirical remote sensing approaches were computed to be R2=0.92,and RMSE=±0.76 g/1 in the Tsirare River and R2=0.91,and RMSE=±0.73 g/1 in the Tekeze River and R2=0.81,RMSE=±2.65 g/l in the Tsirare river and R2=0.76,RMSE=±10.87 g/l in the Tekeze River,respectively.Hence,the LSU approach of remote sensing was found to be relatively accurate in monitoring and modeling the variability of SSCs that could be applied to the upper Tekeze River basin.  相似文献   

Static compression of α-Fe<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript>: linear incompressibility of lattice parameters and high-pressure transformations     

H.?Liu  W. A.?Caldwell  L. R.?Benedetti  W.?Panero  R.?JeanlozEmail author 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2003,30(9):582-588

The high-pressure behavior of -Fe₂O₃ has been studied under static compression up to 60 GPa, using a laser-heated diamond anvil cell. Synchrotron-based angular-dispersive X-ray diffraction shows that the sample remains in the corundum structure up to 50 GPa, but with the appearance of coexisting diffraction lines from a high-pressure phase at pressures above 45 GPa. A least-squares fit of low-pressure phase data to an Eulerian finite-strain equation of state yields linear incompressibilities of K _{a 0}=749.5 (± 18.4) GPa and K _{c 0}= 455.7 (± 21.4) GPa, differing by a factor of 1.6 along the two directions. The enhanced compressibility of the c axis may lead to breaking of vertex- or edge-sharing bonds between octahedra, inducing the high-pressure phase transformation at 50 GPa. Analysis of linear compressibilities suggests that the high-pressure phase above 50 GPa is of the Rh₂O₃ (II) structure. Continuous laser heating reveals a new structural phase transformation of -Fe₂O₃ at 22 GPa, to an orthorhombic structure with a=7.305(3) Å, b=7.850(3) Å, and c=12.877(14) Å, different from the Rh₂O₃ (II) structure.  相似文献   

星载SAR图像的稻田耕地系数实验研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

曾琪明  焦健  郭红艳  王晓煜 《国土资源遥感》2003,14(4):13-16,34

农田线性地物在SAR图像上的夸大表现,对基于SAR图像进行的农作物面积精确量算会产生一定的影响。本研究利用SAR图像提取了稻田沟渠、道路及田埂等线性地物,在实地和图像上分别进行了大量的测算,分析了图像上的夸大与相对方向角之间的关系,计算了线性地物半波亮度宽度的概率分布,以及稻田线性地物的耕地系数,为精确量算稻田面积提供了科学依据,并对进一步研究提出了建议。  相似文献   

利用广西邕宁、灵山地应力资料预报周边地区中强震发震时间的初步探讨   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

吴时平  王锋  陆炳情  谢彩 《华南地震》2003,23(3):1-10

采用回归分析及周期分析法消除了广西邕宁和灵山地应力测值因观测室室温、湿度等因素所引起的年变化;又对地应力资料做了去除长趋势变化和用卡尔曼滤波平滑地应力曲线的处理后,可以看出邕宁、灵山地应力对于200km范围内的Ms4．5—4．7级地震、300km范围内的Ms4．8—5．4级地震以及400km范围内的M5≥5．5级地震具有一定的预报能力。在中强震发生之前的2年内,邕宁、灵山地应力某分向会出现2次以上的超1．5倍均方差异常,且在2次异常所跨越的时段内至少另有1个分向也会显示有1次以上的异常,当第2次异常结束后的8个月内,在上述规定的距离范围内发生中强震的可能性很大。  相似文献   

Assessing plantation canopy condition from airborne imagery using spectral mixture analysis and fractional abundances     

《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2005,7(1):11-28

Pine plantations in Australia are subject to a range of abiotic and biotic damaging agents that affect tree health and productivity. In order to optimise management decisions, plantation managers require regular intelligence relating to the status and trends in the health and condition of trees within individual compartments. Remote sensing technology offers an alternative to traditional ground-based assessment of these plantations. Automated estimation of foliar crown health, especially in degraded crowns, can be difficult due to mixed pixels when there is low or fragmented vegetation cover. In this study we apply a linear spectral unmixing approach to high spatial resolution (50 cm) multispectral imagery to quantify the fractional abundances of the key image endmembers: sunlit canopy, shadow, and soil. A number of Pinus radiata tree crown attributes were modelled using multiple linear regression and endmember fraction images. We found high levels of significance (r² = 0.80) for the overall crown colour and colour of the crown leader (r² = 0.79) in tree crowns affected by the fungal pathogen Sphaeropsis sapinea, which produces both needle necrosis and chlorosis. Results for stands associated with defoliation and chlorosis through infestation by the aphid Essigella californica were lower with an r² = 0.33 for crown transparency and r² = 0.31 for proportion of crown affected. Similar analysis of data from a nitrogen deficient site produced an outcome somewhat in between the other two damaging agents. Overall the sunlit canopy image fraction has been the most important variable used in the modelling of forest condition for all damaging agents.  相似文献   

HDF 5格式特点及其对遥感数据格式标准化的几点启示   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

王永韬  刘良明 《国土资源遥感》2005,16(3):39-43

阐述了HDF 5数据格式的特点及其对遥感数据标准化的启示和借鉴作用。HDF 5格式层次式的逻辑结构、B树的物理存储方式，面向对象的特性、数据类型的广泛支持、自我描述以及内容与表达的分离等特点，使得它在记录和存储科学数据时具有强大的优势。遥感数据标准化如何设计一种结构简单且扩展性很好，同时支持不同平台的标准格式，可以从HDF 5的实现方法上得到借鉴。  相似文献   

A Bayesian method for linear, inequality-constrained adjustment and its application to GPS positioning   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

J. Zhu  R. Santerre  X.-W. Chang 《Journal of Geodesy》2005,78(9):528-534

One of the typical approaches to linear, inequality-constrained adjustment (LICA) is to solve a least-squares (LS) problem subject to the linear inequality constraints. The main disadvantage of this approach is that the statistical properties of the estimate are not easily determined and thus no general conclusions about the superiority of the estimate can be made. A new approach to solving the LICA problem is proposed. The linear inequality constraints are converted into prior information on the parameters with a uniform distribution, and consequently the LICA problem is reformulated into a Bayesian estimation problem. It is shown that the LS estimate of the LICA problem is identical to the Bayesian estimate based on the mode of the posterior distribution. Finally, the Bayesian method is applied to GPS positioning. Results for four field tests show that, when height information is used, the GPS phase ambiguity resolution can be improved significantly and the new approach is feasible.  相似文献   

A type of biased estimators for linear models with uniformly biased data     

C. Kotsakis 《Journal of Geodesy》2005,79(6-7):341-350

The objective of this paper is the comparison of various types of estimators that can be used in linear models with uniformly biased data. This particular case refers to adjustment problems where the available measurements are affected by a common, unknown and uniform offset. The classic least-squares (LS) unbiased estimators for this type of models are reviewed in detail, and some additional remarks on their properties and performance are given. Furthermore, a family of biased estimators for linear models with uniformly biased data is introduced, which has the potential to provide better performance (in terms of mean squared estimation error) than the ordinary LS unbiased solutions. A number of different regularization viewpoints that can be equivalently associated with these biased estimators are presented, along with a discussion on various selection strategies that can be employed for the choice of the regularization parameter that enters into the biased estimation algorithm.  相似文献   

Effects of spatially variable ground motions on the seismic response of a skewed, multi-span, RC highway bridge   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

L. Lou  A. Zerva   《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2005,25(7-10):729-740

This paper presents a study of the influence of spatially variable ground motions on the longitudinal seismic response of a short, three-span, 30-degree skewed, reinforced concrete highway bridge. Linear and nonlinear finite element models are created for the bridge and linear elastic and nonlinear inelastic time history analyses conducted. Three different types of illustrative excitations are considered: The first utilizes spatially variable ground motions incorporating the effects of variable soil conditions, loss of coherency and wave passage as input motions at the structures' supports. The time history with the smallest peak displacement and the one with the largest peak displacement from the spatially variable ones are then used as uniform input motions at all bridge supports. The comparative analysis of the bridge model shows that the uniform ground motion input with the largest peak displacement cannot provide conservative seismic demands for all structural components—in a number of cases it results in lower response than that predicted by spatially variable motions. The present results indicate that there is difficulty in establishing uniform input motions that would have the same effect on the response of bridge models as spatially variable ones. Consequently, spatially variable input motions need to be applied as excitations at the bridge supports.  相似文献   

Alkylbenzenes in mussels from South and South East Asian coasts as a molecular tool to assess sewage impact     

Tsutsumi S  Yamaguchi Y  Nishida I  Akiyama K  Zakaria MP  Takada H 《Marine pollution bulletin》2002,45(1-12):325-331

Alkylbenzenes, molecular markers of sewage, were measured in 34 green mussels collected from India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, and the Philippines together with blue mussels collected from Tokyo Bay, Japan. Linear alkylbenzene (LAB) concentrations in South and South East Asian countries ranged from 10 to 1640 ng-∑LAB/g-dry tissue. In some populous cities, LAB concentrations were similar or higher than those found in northern Tokyo Bay which is heavily impacted by sewage effluents. I/E ratios (a ratio of internal to external isomers of LABs) in the South and South East Asian countries (1–3) were much lower than those in Tokyo Bay (3–8), indicating sewage discharged in the coastal zone is poorly treated (e.g., raw sewage and/or primary effluents). Alkylbenzenes with branched alkyl chains, tetrapropylene-based alkylbenzenes, were also detected in mussels from Indonesia and Philippines. This “tell-tale” sign indicates that poorly degradable detergents are still in use in this area, although they have long been phased-out in many industrialized countries.  相似文献