地层学界近年来对新生代地层学名称使用的变化     

朱诚  黄铿 《地理学报》2009,64(9):1143-1147

随着国内外地层学界对新生代地层研究的不断深入,自1996年以来,国际地层学界对新生代地层学年代的划分不断更新。国际地层委员会2008年公布的方案中,新生代内第四纪的地位还未确定,它可能包括更新世,底界回溯到大约2.6 MaBP。随着中国第四纪研究在国际上的学术地位日益上升,在对新生代的划分上,表达中国学者建议的呼声将会越来越高。  相似文献   

岐口凹陷新近系生物-遗迹相及环境解释     

刘彦博  严德天  王华  卢宗盛  喻建新 《地球科学》2009,34(3):412-418

岐口凹陷新近系包括明化镇组和馆陶组.通过新近系中的孢粉、介形虫和遗迹组构的系统研究, 识别出孢粉53个属种, 并建立了两个孢粉组合, 分别为Magnastites (粗肋孢) -Ulmus (榆粉) -Taxodiaceae pollenites (杉粉) 组合和Polygonaceae-Chenopodiaceae组合; 发现介形虫12个属种, 介形类以金星介科分子为主, 少数湖花介科分子, 以壳形单一、壳壁薄、表面光滑的类型为主, 表现了典型的非海相淡水介形类面貌; 划分出4种遗迹组构类型, 分别为Scoyenia遗迹组构、Skolithos遗迹组构、Palaeophycus遗迹组构和强扰动组构.在此基础上, 探索了生物与环境的关系, 划分了A、B、C、D、E5种生物-遗迹相带, 分别代表泛滥平原、蓄水注地或泛滥平原小型湖、河道及水下分流河道边部、滨浅湖和前三角洲沉积环境.   相似文献   

Late Cenozoic geomorphologic signal of Andean forearc deformation and tilting associated with the uplift and climate changes of the Southern Atacama Desert (26°S–28°S)     

Rodrigo Riquelme  Grard Hrail  Joseph Martinod  Reynaldo Charrier  Jos Darrozes 《Geomorphology》2007,86(3-4):283-306

We analyze remarkable examples of the large ( 10,000 km²) and local-scale ( 100 km²) landscape forms related to Late Cenozoic geomorphologic evolution of the Andean forearc region in the Southern Atacama Desert. We also consider the continental sedimentary deposits, so-called “Atacama Gravels”, which are related to the degradation of the landscape during the Neogene. Our analysis integrates 1:50,000 field cartography, Landsat TM images observations,  1:1000 sedimentary logging data, and 50 m horizontal resolution topographic data to reconstruct the Late Cenozoic geomorphologic evolution of this region and discuss the factors that control it, i.e., Miocene aridification of the climate and Neogene Central Andean uplift. We determine that the Precordillera was already formed in the Oligocene and most of the present-day altitude of the Precordillera was reached before that time. Afterward, five episodes of geomorphologic evolution can be differentiated: (1) the development of an Oligocene deep incised drainage system cutting the uplifted Precordillera (up to 2000 m of vertical incision) and connecting it to the Ocean; followed by (2) the infilling of deep incised valleys by up to 400 m of Atacama Gravels. This infill started in the Early Miocene with the development of fluvial deposition and finished in the Middle Miocene with playa and playa lake depositions. We propose that playa-related deposition occurs in an endorheic context related to tectonic activity of the Atacama Fault System and Coastal Cordillera uplift. However, the upward sedimentologic variation in the Atacama Gravels evidences a progressive aridification of the climate. Subsequently, we have identified the effects of the Middle–Upper Miocene slow tectonic deformation: the Neogene Andean uplift is accommodated by a tilting or flexuring of the inner-forearc (Central Depression and Precordillera) related to some hundreds of meters of uplift in the Precordillera. This tilting or flexuring results in (3) the Middle Miocene re-opening of the valley network to the Pacific Ocean. Upper Miocene aridification, from arid to hyperarid, induces alluvial fans backfilling in the Central Depression (4) resulting in up to 50 m of Atacama Gravel deposition. Finally, in response to an increase in the rate of tilting, a new phase of vertical incision (up to 800 m in the Precordillera) allows the development of the canyon that crosses the forearc (5).  相似文献   

吐鲁番盆地古近纪和新近纪的气候变化     

张西娟  程捷  王海芝  于文洋 《地质力学学报》2004,10(4):319-326

新疆吐鲁番盆地的连木沁剖面古近系与新近系的沉积厚度约1770m,是研究吐鲁番盆地这一时段古气候的良好载体。通过对连木沁剖面沉积物中常量元素地球化学分析,表明吐鲁番盆地在晚古新世阶段和晚始新世阶段,气候炎热湿润,但后者波动比较频繁。在渐新世,气候温暖干旱。中新世的气候变化明显可分为两个阶段,早期气候炎热潮湿,而晚期阶段温暖干旱。到上新世,气候显著干旱化。   相似文献   

Re-evaluation of the Cablac Limestone at its type area, East Timor: Revision of the Miocene stratigraphy of Timor     

David W. Haig  Eujay W. McCartain  Myra Keep  Logan Barber 《Journal of Asian Earth Sciences》2008,33(5-6):366-378

The Cablac Limestone, widely recorded in Timor, has its type area on Cablac Mountain where it was regarded as a Lower Miocene shallow-marine carbonate-platform succession. The Bahaman-like facies placed in the Cablac Limestone are now known to belong to the Upper Triassic–Lower Jurassic rather than the Lower Miocene. On the northern slopes of Cablac Mountain, a crush breccia, formerly regarded as the basal conglomerate of the formation, is now considered to have developed along a high-angle fault separating Banda Terrane units of Asian affinity from an overthrust limestone stack containing units belonging to the Gondwana and Australian-Margin Megasequences. The Cablac breccia includes rock fragments that were probably derived locally from these tectonostratigraphic units after terrane emplacement and overthrusting. Clasts include peloid and oolitic limestones of the Upper Triassic–Lower Jurassic derived from the Gondwana Megasequence, deep-water carbonate pelagites of the Cretaceous and Paleogene derived from the Australian-Margin Megasequence, Upper Oligocene–Lower Miocene (Te Letter Stage) shallow-water limestone derived from the Banda Terrane, and a younger Neogene calcarenite containing clasts of mixed tectonostratigraphic affinity. There is no evidence for significant sedimentary or tectonic transport of clasts that form the breccia. The clast types and the present understanding of the geological history of Timor suggest that the crush breccia formed late in the Plio-Pleistocene uplift history of Timor. It is not the basal conglomerate of the Cablac Limestone. However, the clasts of an Upper Oligocene–Lower Miocene limestone found in the breccia suggest that a shallow-marine limestone unit of this age either outcrops in the region and has not been detected in the field, or has been eroded completely during late Neogene uplift. The clasts are similar in age and lithology to an Upper Oligocene–Lower Miocene formation that unconformably overlies a metamorphic complex in the Booi region of West Timor, similar to the Lolotoi Metamorphic Complex (Banda Terrane) that is juxtaposed against the crush breccia of Cablac Mountain. The Cablac Limestone at its type area includes a mixed assemblage of carbonate rock units ranging in age from Triassic to Plio-Pleistocene and representing diverse facies. As a formation, the name “Cablac Limestone” should be discarded for a Cenozoic unit. The Upper Oligocene–Lower Miocene shallow-water limestone unit that is typified by outcrops in the Booi region of West Timor, and that has contributed to clasts in the Cablac breccia, is informally named the Booi limestone. It is considered part of the allochthonous Banda Terrane of Asian affinity and represents the only shallow-marine Lower Miocene unit known from Timor. The only other Miocene sedimentary unit known from Timor includes carbonate pelagites – designated the Kolbano beds – probably deposited on an Australian continental terrace at water depths between 1000 and 3000 m. On the northeastern edge of Cablac Mountain, oolitic limestone and associated units of the Gondwana Megasequence, the Kolbano beds of the Australian-Margin Megasequence, and the Booi limestone and associated metasediments of the Banda Terrane were juxtaposed by a Plio-Pleistocene high-angle fault along which the Cablac crush breccia formed.  相似文献   

柴达木盆地西部古近纪—新近纪湖相生物礁的发现及意义   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

郭泽清  郑得文  刘卫红  钟建华  温志峰 《地层学杂志》2008,32(1):60-68

在柴达木盆地西部古近纪和新近纪地层中发育了典型的湖相生物礁,可以分为由基质支撑的叠层石礁、凝块礁和骨架支撑的藻礁3大类型,并对每种类型中亚类的特征和建造生物进行了简要介绍。生物礁孔隙度高、渗透性好,是优质储层。孔隙类型丰富多样,主要有骨架孔隙、体腔孔隙、粒内孔隙、溶孔等10种孔隙类型。生物礁的地震响应和测井曲线特征明显,在研究取心井段生物礁地球物理响应特征的基础上可以有效的识别和预测生物礁。综合应用古生物分析、孢粉分析、同位素分析、古地磁分析、地球化学分析和地球物理特征分析等技术手段,并结合生物礁发育的沉积条件和构造背景,初步探讨了生物礁对柴达木盆地古气候、古地理位置、古构造、古水介质、古沉积环境和青藏高原的隆升等方面的研究意义以及对油气勘探方面的意义。  相似文献   

龙门山断裂带北段晚新近纪以来的右行走滑运动及其构造变换研究——以青川断裂为例   总被引：12，自引：1，他引：11       下载免费PDF全文

樊春  王二七  王刚  王世锋 《地质科学》2008,43(3):417-433

龙门山断裂带位于青藏高原东缘,构成了青藏高原和四川盆地的重要构造边界。近年来的研究表明:在新生代晚期,除了存在逆冲推覆之外,龙门山的中段和南段还发生了明显的右行走滑活动。对龙门山北段的青川断裂进行的系统研究发现:断裂具有明显的右行走滑特征,沿断裂发育大量不同规模的水系位错,其中嘉陵江水系位错规模最大,据此可确定青川断裂的最大位移量为17km。进一步的野外工作证实断裂的走滑位移在尾端发生构造变换,位于断裂南西端的轿子顶穹隆是叠加构造,吸收了青川断裂的部分位移量;位于断裂北东端的汉中盆地则是处于伸展应力环境下的断陷盆地,吸收了其大部分位移量。  相似文献   

Phytogenic lacustrine sedimentation - oil shales in Neogene from Serbia, Yugoslavia     

Jelena Obradović  Jelena Djurdjević - Colson  Nebojša Vasić 《Journal of Paleolimnology》1997,18(4):351-364

Lacustrine basins of Neogene age in Serbia were formed either in intramountain valleys-graben and half-graben structures or in the marginal part of the Pannonian sea during Oligocene or at the beginning of Miocene, lasted and ended at the end of Miocene or Pliocene. The formation of the numerous depressions of the Balkan Peninsula, due to tectonic activity, gave lake basins with alluvial, swamp and lacustrine facies. The cycle with these facies was repeated several times. The lakes are mostly meromictic, often permanently stratified (oil-shale). A high rate of sedimentation with thickness up to 2000 m is characteristic for many of these basins. In many lakes phytogenic sedimentation occurs, giving facies with coal and with oil-shales. In this paper only some basins with oil-shales will be discussed, e.g. Valjevo-Mionica, Jadar and Pranjani basin. The characteristics of Vranje and Aleksinac basin will be discussed only in general. The organic rich sequences (oil shales) are characterized by the thin lamination, preservations of fish remains and plant leaves and absence of bioturbation, which needed permanent stratification of water body and anoxic conditions. Paleoclimatic regimes at the time of deposition and diagenesis were warm, subtropic with the changes of humid and dry periods.  相似文献   

青海柴达木盆地马海凹陷冷湖地区古—新近系泥岩地球化学特征及物源区性质          下载免费PDF全文

崔庆岗  杜小亮  孟令华  周龙涛 《山东国土资源》2016,32(4):32-39

为了明确柴达木盆地马海凹陷沉积物物源的演化过程,以古—新近系泥岩的主要元素、微量元素和稀土元素测试数据为基础,采用数值对比及判别图解等方法对研究区物源性质、构造背景和古气候特征进行了深入研究。稀土元素分布配分形式显示轻稀土元素富集,重稀土元素则较平稳,Eu出现负异常的特征。V/(V+Ni),Ce/La比值及Ce_(anom)表明古环境处于缺氧环境;构造背景图解La/Yb-∑REE,La/Sc-Co/Th,K_2O/Na_2O-Si O_2/Al_2O_3,La-Th-Sc,Th-Sc-Zr/10表明马海凹陷冷湖地区泥岩处于活动大陆边缘和大陆岛弧环境;母岩物源复杂,岩性为长英质火山岩和铁镁质岩均可见;古气候指标CAI及Sr/Cu比值反映了源区古气候主要为干热气候或构造活动区,风化程度较弱。  相似文献   

Neogene stratigraphy and the sedimentary and oceanographic development of the NW European Atlantic margin     

Martyn S. Stoker  Daniel Praeg  Berit Oline Hjelstuen  Jan Sverre Laberg  Tove Nielsen  Pat M. Shannon 《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2005,22(9-10):977

A regional correlation of Neogene stratigraphy has been attempted along and across the NW European Atlantic continental margin, between Mid-Norway and SW Ireland. Two unconformity-bounded successions are recognised. These are referred to as the lower and upper Neogene successions, and have been dated as Miocene–early Pliocene and early Pliocene–Holocene, respectively, in age. Their development is interpreted to reflect plate-wide, tectonically driven changes in the sedimentary, oceanographic and latterly climatic evolution of the NE Atlantic region. The lower Neogene succession mainly preserves a record of deep-water sedimentation that indicates an expansion of contourite sediment drifts above submarine unconformities, within this succession, on both sides of the eastern Greenland–Scotland Ridge from the mid-Miocene. This is interpreted to record enhanced deep-water exchange through the Faroe Conduit (deepest part of the Southern Gateway), and can be linked to compressive inversion of the Wyville–Thomson Ridge Complex. Thus, a pervasive, interconnected Arctic–North Atlantic deep-water circulation system is a Neogene phenomenon. The upper Neogene succession records a regional change, at about 4 Ma, in the patterns of contourite sedimentation (submarine erosion, new depocentres) coeval with the onset of rapid seaward-progradation of the continental margin by up to 100 km. This build-out of the shelf and slope is inferred to record a marked increase in sediment supply in response to uplift and tilting of the continental margin. Associated changes in deep-water circulation may be part of an Atlantic-wide reorganisation of ocean bottom currents. Glacial sediments form a major component of the prograding shelf margin (shelf-slope) sediment wedges, but stratigraphic data indicate that the onset of progradation pre-dates significant high-latitude glaciation by at least 1 Ma, and expansive Northern Hemisphere glaciation by at least 3 Ma.  相似文献