鲍类微生物性疾病研究进展   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

王瑞旋  徐力文  冯娟  王江勇 《海洋湖沼通报》2006,90(2):117-124

鲍类微生物性病害包括病毒性疾病、原核生物样疾病、细菌性疾病及真菌性疾病。本文就鲍类微生物病害的病原学、致病机制、组织病理学和流行病学等方面的进展,以及相关的诊断防治研究情况进行概述,以期为今后鲍类的病害防治研究提供依据。  相似文献   

A Study in Ultra-Ecology: Microorganisms on the Seagrass Posidonia oceanica (L.) DELILE     

Rudolf  Novak 《Marine Ecology》1984,5(2):143-190

Abstract. Microbial colonization on the leaves of a shoot of the mediterranean seagrass Posidonia oceanica (L.) DELILE was studied using Scanning Electron Microscopy. Methods of field ecology such as transect, random plot and stratified sampling survey were applied to the microbial niveau to gain both qualitative and quantitative information on the microbial assemblage. While macro-epiphytic growth was significantly greater on the outer leaf sides, microbial colonization density was significantly higher on the inner leaf sides, both on leaf surface and epiphyte surface. Diatoms colonized the surface of incrusting algae and epiphytic animals in significantly lower numbers than the Posidonia leaf surface and were absent on erect epiphytic algae. Bacterial densities on epiphyte surfaces even exceeded values of the corresponding leaf surfaces on algal thalli near the leaf tips and on old leaves. Diatoms reach highest mean density on mature leaves and close to the leaf tips, while bacteria reach their greatest density on the oldest leaf and closer to the leaf base. Diatom density in general increases with exposure time of plant surface, while greatest bacterial density was observed at 7–10 weeks exposure. Basal leaf parts on younger leaves were dominated by rod-shaped bacteria, while distal leaf parts and old leaves were dominated by small coccoid bacteria. Surfaces of epiphytic algae were always distinctly dominated by small coccoid bacteria, and edges of thalli attracted high microbial densities. Microbial biomass (calculated from cell volumes using standard conversion factors) amounts to 2.3 g dry weight m-² in the Posidonia stand where the shoot was sampled. The observed patterns of epiphytic colonization are interpreted as the result of a complex, dynamically changing system of interactions both within the epiphytic community and between the epiphytic community, the host plant, and it's environment. A model of the organization of the epiphytic community on Posidonia leaves is presented. “Ultra-ecology” is a term introduced to denote a type of SEM research in the micro-environment which is analogous to in situ investigation in “macroscopic” ecological work.  相似文献   

长江经济带某石化场地土壤中污染物分布与微生物特征     

叶翔宇  陈雪霞  于波  张敏  郭彩娟  卢晓霞 《地学前缘》2022,29(3):239-247

从长江经济带某在役石化场地采集了3个点位不同深度的土壤样品,测定了石油烃等污染物的含量和微生物的群落结构,以揭示污染物分布规律和微生物特征。结果显示,3个点位污染程度不同,但污染物含量均随深度先升高后降低,最高含量均出现在埋深4.0 m左右,即地下水位附近。土壤中C6-C9高达5 302 mg/kg,C10-C40高达625.6 mg/kg,芳烃高达455.2 mg/kg,卤代烃高达41.54 mg/kg。土壤微生物的丰富度和多样性随深度增加而降低,同一深度土壤微生物的丰富度和多样性随污染物含量增大而降低。门水平上Actinobacteria、Firmicutes和Spirochaetes的相对丰度和石油烃含量显著正相关(p<0.05),属水平上Streptomyces、SCADC1-2-3、Desulfitobacterium和Cryptanaerobacter的相对丰度和石油烃含量显著正相关(p<0.05)。  相似文献   

青藏高原多年冻土微生物的分离分析及其意义   总被引：6，自引：9，他引：6  

刘光  胡昌勤  张靖溥  沈永平 《冰川冻土》2001,23(4):419-422

对取自昆仑山垭口2m钻孔的21个样品中的微生物进行了分离鉴定，并对其生长速度和耐药性进行了初步分析，结果表明：青藏高原多年冻土中有微生物存在，其种类表现为临床少见，生长速度缓慢，冻土微生物的生长表现为嗜冷性，在35℃时生长停止，反映其有特殊的生理活动机制，分离细菌的耐药性分析，发现冻土中有较大比例的耐药细菌，反映了高原微生物的特殊性。  相似文献   

Airborne microorganisms: Their occurrence,distribution and dependence on environmental factors — Especially on organic compounds of air-pollution     

Priv.-Doz. Dr. med. H. Rüden  Prof. Dr. med. E. Thofern  Dr. med. P. Fischer  Dr. Ing. U. Mihm 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1978,116(2-3):335-350

For a period of approximately six months the concentrations of airborne microorganisms were determined by the uptake of their day-characteristic at local places differing by the extent of air pollution. By simultaneously recording the meteorological parameters as temperature, relative humidity, direction and velocity of wind and intensity of solar radiation, it was intended to find out the relationship between these factors and the viability of airborne microorganisms. The present data show an oscillation of the concentration counts over a wide range and seem not yet to depend on the local situation of air pollution.In a further series of experiments the atmospheric aerosol <10 m was collected on air-filters. The decreased substances were extracted from the filter material by aqueous and organic solutants and tested for their antimicrobial activities. In this context the seasonal dependence of the microbicidal activity of organic compounds of aerosol is discussed.  相似文献   

Degradation Kinetics of Petroleum Contaminants in Soft-Water Systems     

ZHENGXilai WANGBingchen LIYuying XIAWenxiang 《《地质学报》英文版》2004,78(3):825-828

On the basis of site investigation and sample collection of petroleum contaminants in the soil-water-crop system in the Shenyang-Fushun sewage irrigation area, the physical-chemical-biological compositions of the unsaturated zone is analyzed systematically in this paper. At the same time, the degradation kinetics of residual and aqueous oils is determined through biodegradation tests. The studies show that dominant microorganisms have been formed in the soils after long-term sewage irrigation. The microorganisms mainly include bacteria, and a few of fungus and actinomycetes.After a 110-days‘ biodegradation test, the degradation rate of residual oil is 9.74%--10.63%, while the degradation rate of aqueous oil reaches 62.43 %. This indicates that the degradation rate of low-carbon aqueous oil is higher than that of highcarbon residual oil. In addition, although microbial degradation of petroleum contaminants in soils is suitable to the firstorder kinetics equation, the half-lives of aqueous oil, No. 20 heavy diesel and residual oil in the surface soils (L2-1, S1-1 and X1-1) are 1732 h, 3465 h and 17325 h, respectively.  相似文献   

东太平洋海洋微生物种群多样性初步研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

李明  叶德赞  黄翔玲 《海洋湖沼通报》2008,(2):75-81

以东太平洋海洋微生物群落为研究对象,用稀释平板分离法,从海水中分离得到67株细菌。在形态观察的基础上选取48株进行培养,然后进行16S rDNA基因扩增,并用限制性内切酶RsaI和MspI对PCR产物进行ARDRA(Amplified rDNA restriction analysis)多态性分析,共得到10种不同的操作分类单元(Operational Taxonomic Unit,OTU)。其中OTU4和OTU10所包含的菌株分别占总分离物的35.4%和18.8%,为优势分离菌。优势分离菌的ERIC-PCR基因组指纹图分析表明,前者的17株分离物共有10种不同的指纹图类型,而后者的9株分离物有3种。结果显示,东太平洋海域的海水和底质沉积物具有明显的微生物种群多样性特征。  相似文献   

海洋微生物活性物质的研究进展   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

刘晶晶  陈全震  曾江宁  高爱根  廖一波 《海洋学研究》2007,25(1):55-65

海洋微生物由于其特殊的生存环境,往往能产生结构新颖、功能多样的活性物质,海洋微生物作为活性物质的新来源,正日益受到人们的关注。综述了近几年海洋微生物产生的抗肿瘤、抗心血管病、免疫调节剂、抗生素等生物活性物质的开发利用现状及相关的研究技术和方法,展示出海洋微生物活性物质巨大的开发利用前景。  相似文献   

Desert Potholes: Ephemeral Aquatic Microsystems   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Marjorie?A.?ChanEmail author  Katrina?Moser  Jim?M.?Davis  Gordon?Southam  Kebbi?Hughes  Tim?Graham 《Aquatic Geochemistry》2005,11(3):279-302

An enigma of the Colorado Plateau high desert is the “pothole”, which ranges from shallow ephemeral puddles to deeply carved pools. The existence of prokaryotic to eukaryotic organisms within these pools is largely controlled by the presence of collected rainwater. Multivariate statistical analysis of physical and chemical limnologic data variables measured from potholes indicates spatial and temporal variations, particularly in water depth, manganese, iron, nitrate and sulfate concentrations and salinity. Variation in water depth and salinity are likely related to the amount of time since the last precipitation, whereas the other variables may be related to redox potential. The spatial and temporal variations in water chemistry affect the distribution of organisms, which must adapt to daily and seasonal extremes of fluctuating temperature (0–60 °C), pH changes of as much as 5 units over 12 days, and desiccation. For example, many species become dormant when potholes dry, in order to endure intense heat, UV radiation, desiccation and freezing, only to flourish again upon rehydration. But the pothole organisms also have a profound impact on the potholes. Through photosynthesis and respiration, pothole organisms affect redox potential, and indirectly alter the water chemistry. Laboratory examination of dried biofilm from the potholes revealed that within 2 weeks of hydration, the surface of the desiccated, black biofilm became green from cyanobacterial growth, which supported significant growth in heterotrophic bacterial populations. This complex biofilm is persumably responsible for dissolving the cement between the sandstone grains, allowing the potholes to enlarge, and for sealing the potholes, enabling them to retain water longer than the surrounding sandstone. Despite the remarkable ability of life in potholes to persist, desert potholes may be extremely sensitive to anthropogenic effects. The unique limnology and ecology of Utah potholes holds great scientific value for understanding water–rock–biological interactions with possible applications to life on other planetary bodies.  相似文献   

微生物对冻土生境的适应以及对全球变化和寒区工程扰动的响应:进展与展望   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

杨思忠  金会军  魏智  吉延峻  何瑞霞 《冰川冻土》2007,29(2):279-285

多年冻土这一极端的生境中,温度、营养物质、冻融过程等因素深刻影响和限制着冻土中微生物生理、代谢途径和生态结构.低温胁迫下,冻土中微生物从形态、生理和生化水平发展了特殊的耐受机制.冻融过程对细胞产生直接危害,并通过调节水盐、营养条件输送而间接地影响微生物活动.寒区工程扰动下垫面和周边一定范围内冻土的水、热、力学平衡,由此也改变了微生物赖以生存的微环境,破坏了地表植被和下伏冻土中微生物的联系.寒区油气管道泄漏后严重地污染土壤,并毒害和抑制冻土中微生物.冻土区微生物数量及生物多样性的波动与冻土的后生冷生作用以及生物地球化学循环密切相关.它们可能记录了冻土的发育、全球变化和生态环境变迁的重要信息.全球变暖背景下,冻土区微生物对有机碳和温室气体的束缚、吸收、运移和最终排放发挥着重要的作用,在全球碳氮循环和对气候系统的反馈中扮演重要角色.  相似文献