祁连地块北缘前寒武基底早古生代再活化:变基性岩相平衡模拟和锆石年代学证据     

毛小红  张建新  路增龙  周桂生 《岩石学报》2021,37(10):3095-3117

北祁连造山带是典型的早古生代增生型造山带，具有典型增生型造山带的"沟-弧-盆"体系。祁连地块位于北祁连造山带南部，由深变质的前寒武纪基底和新元古代到中生代的沉积盖层组成。在连祁地块北缘门源宝库河附近延伸数千米的变基性岩（主体为斜长角闪岩和角闪岩）中识别出了基性麻粒岩，峰期矿物组合为石榴子石+斜长石+钾长石+普通辉石+角闪石+钛铁矿+石英，相平衡模拟计算结果显示峰期温压条件为P=10.6kbar、T=800℃，峰期之后经历了近等温降压的P-T轨迹。锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年代学结果显示变基性岩的原岩结晶年龄分别为1110±18Ma和1140±30Ma，变质年龄分别为478.2±3.9Ma和469±4.6Ma，结合近等温降压的P-T轨迹，469~478Ma的变质年龄应近似代表了麻粒岩相变质作用时代。结合区域资料，我们认为早古生代北祁连洋存在南北双向俯冲极性，祁连洋南向俯冲使得祁连地块前寒武纪基底在早古生代再活化。变基性岩的原岩年龄与祁连地块南部欧龙布鲁克地块（全吉地块）中发现的变基性岩和花岗质片麻岩原岩年龄及副片麻岩的变质年龄一致，均为~1100Ma，表明祁连地块与欧龙布鲁克地块一起卷入了格林威尔造山事件。  相似文献   

有效全岩成分的计算方法及其在变质相平衡模拟中的应用     

田作林  张泽明  董昕 《岩石学报》2020,36(9):2616-2630

变质相平衡模拟是变质岩领域近几十年最重要的进展之一，它已经成为确定变质作用P-T-t轨迹和探索变质演化过程的有力工具。变质岩的矿物组合不但与其形成的温度（T）和压力（P）条件有关，而且受控于岩石的全岩成分（X）。但是变质岩通常是不均匀的并且往往保留两期以上的矿物组合，因此计算不同成分域或不同变质演化期次的有效全岩成分是模拟P-T视剖面图的核心问题之一。在中-低温变质岩中，石榴石变斑晶的生长会不断地将其核部成分"冻结"而不参与后续变质反应，这导致根据实测全岩成分计算的P-T视剖面图无法有效地模拟石榴石幔部或边部生长阶段的变质演化过程。"瑞利分馏法"和"球体积法"利用电子探针实测的石榴石成分环带可以模拟计算石榴石各个生长阶段所对应的有效全岩成分，本文推荐使用这两个方法来处理石榴石变斑晶的分馏效应问题。相比较而言，石榴石在高温变质岩中通常无法保留生长阶段的成分环带特征，这是因为石榴石成分在高温条件下会发生扩散再平衡，并同时与多数基质矿物达到热力学平衡，这时一般不需要考虑石榴石的分馏效应。但是高温变质岩通常会发生部分熔融并伴随熔体的迁移，进而改变岩石的有效全岩成分。因此，通过P-T视剖面图模拟熔体迁移前后的变质演化过程需要使用"相平衡法"计算迁移的熔体成分以及熔体迁移前后岩石的有效全岩成分。此外，后成合晶与反应边是变质岩中最常见的退变质反应结构，但是后成合晶或反应边中的矿物之间并未达到热力学平衡。这种情况需要结合岩相学观察和矿物成分，利用最小二乘法确定后成合晶或反应边中发生的平衡反应方程式，进而获取变质反应发生时的有效全岩成分并通过计算P-T视剖面图来估算退变质的温压条件。除此之外，岩石体系中三价铁（Fe₂O₃）和H₂O含量的估算一直以来都是相平衡模拟研究中的难点，本文推荐使用P/T-X（Fe³⁺/Fe^tot，MH₂O）视剖面图来确定这两个组分的含量，这是因为P/T-X图可以估算各个变质演化阶段或特定矿物组合的Fe₂O₃或H₂O含量。  相似文献   

Vibrational spectroscopy of beta-eucryptite (LiAlSiO<Subscript>4</Subscript>): optical phonons and phase transition(s)     

M.?ZhangEmail author  H.?Xu  E. K. H.?Salje  P. J.?Heaney 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2003,30(8):457-462

The structural behavior of -eucryptite (LiAlSiO₄) has been investigated using infrared (IR) spectroscopy over a temperature range of 20 to 900 K and FT-Raman spectroscopy at room temperature. IR reflectance measurements show that -eucryptite possesses high reflectivity in the far-IR region, as is consistent with its reported superionic conductivity along the c-axis. On heating, the Li-related IR bands near 246 and 300 cm^–1 (with A₂ symmetry) broadened and weakened dramatically, presumably as a result of Li⁺ positional disordering along the structural channels parallel to c. The disordering process appears to induce a framework distortion, as is evidenced by the broadening of some vibrations of Si(Al)–O with increasing temperature. A change in slope in the temperature dependence of the phonon frequency near 300 cm^–1 and the linewidth of the 760 cm^–1 band at 715 K indicates that Li becomes completely disordered above this temperature. In addition, the temperature dependence of the linewidth for the 760 cm^–1 band exhibits an additional change in slope at 780 K, implying the existence of an intermediate state within this temperature range. The detailed structure of this intermediate phase, however, needs further study. Our IR data provide no indication of structural changes between room temperature and 20 K.  相似文献   

FMAT-251质谱仪三相电源的智能保护装置          下载免费PDF全文

房毅卓  徐黎明 《盐湖研究》2005,13(2):70-72

介绍FMAT-251质谱仪专用的智能三相保护电源装置。解决了FMAT-251质谱仪在改造后实际工作中由于外部三相供电电源错相导致机械泵反转,造成真空系统严重污染等事故的相序错相问题;同时针对三相电动机安全运行的缺相、过压、欠压、漏电保护等问题,进一步完善三相电动机供电电源的电压、电流和漏电的自动保护功能。  相似文献   

三元体系K+,Mg2+/B4O2-7-H2O 25℃相关系研究          下载免费PDF全文

靳治良  孙柏  李刚  李武 《盐湖研究》2004,12(2)

对三元体系K+,Mg2+/B4O2-7-H2O25℃的溶解度进行了研究,该体系属简单共饱型,两段溶解度曲线对应于体系的两种原始组分K2B4O7·4H2O、MgB4O7·9H2O的结晶区,共饱点组成为K2B4O713 96%,MgB4O70 53%。  相似文献   

瞬态面波技术在冲洪积层勘察中的应用   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

楚建伟 《云南地质》2004,23(1):96-103

瞬态面波技术具有速度快、精度高、对场地要求低等特点。采用适宜的工作参数和技术方法，在冲洪积层勘察中可较好地了解其物质分布，从而进行场地土类划分及评价、饱和砂土液化分析等，为设计、施工提供各层位物理力学指标等参数，亦为抗震设计提供场地卓越周期等资料，补充和丰富工程勘察资料，提高精度，缩短工程周期。  相似文献   

Stability and P–V–T equation of state of KAlSi3O8-hollandite determined by in situ X-ray observations and implications for dynamics of subducted continental crust material     

Norimasa Nishiyama  Robert Paul Rapp  Tetsuo Irifune  Takeshi Sanehira  Daisuke Yamazaki  Ken-ichi Funakoshi 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2005,32(8-9):627-637

In situ X-ray diffraction measurements of KAlSi₃O₈-hollandite (K-hollandite) were performed at pressures of 15–27 GPa and temperatures of 300–1,800 K using a Kawai-type apparatus. Unit-cell volumes obtained at various pressure and temperature conditions in a series of measurements were fitted to the high-temperature Birch-Murnaghan equation of state and a complete set of thermoelastic parameters was obtained with an assumed K′_300,0=4. The determined parameters are V _300,0=237.6(2) Å³, K _300,0=183(3) GPa, (?K _T,0/?T) _P =?0.033(2) GPa K^?1, a ₀=3.32(5)×10^?5 K^?1, and b ₀=1.09(1)×10^?8 K^?2, where a ₀ and b ₀ are coefficients describing the zero-pressure thermal expansion: α _T,0 = a ₀ + b ₀ T. We observed broadening and splitting of diffraction peaks of K-hollandite at pressures of 20–23 GPa and temperatures of 300–1,000 K. We attribute this to the phase transitions from hollandite to hollandite II that is an unquenchable high-pressure phase recently found. We determined the phase boundary to be P (GPa)=16.6 + 0.007 T (K). Using the equation of state parameters of K-hollandite determined in the present study, we calculated a density profile of a hypothetical continental crust (HCC), which consists only of K-hollandite, majorite garnet, and stishovite with 1:1:1 ratio in volume. Density of HCC is higher than the surrounding mantle by about 0.2 g cm^?3 in the mantle transition zone while this relation is reversed below 660-km depth and HCC becomes less dense than the surrounding mantle by about 0.15 g cm^?3 in the uppermost lower mantle. Thus the 660-km seismic discontinuity can be a barrier to prevent the transportation of subducted continental crust materials to the lower mantle and the subducted continental crust may reside at the bottom of the mantle transition zone.  相似文献   

Crystal structure and compression of an iron-bearing Phase A to 33 GPa     

C. M. Holl  J. R. Smyth  M. H. Manghnani  G. M. Amulele  M. Sekar  D. J. Frost  V. B. Prakapenka  G. Shen 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2006,33(3):192-199

Fe-bearing dense hydrous magnesium silicate Phase A, Mg_6.85Fe_0.14Si_2.00O₈(OH)₆ has been studied by single-crystal X-ray diffraction at ambient conditions and by high-pressure powder diffraction using synchrotron radiation to 33 GPa. Unit cell parameters at room temperature and pressure from single crystal diffraction are a=7.8678 (4) Å, c=9.5771 (5) Å, and V=513.43 (4) ų. Fitting of the P–V data to a third-order Birch-Murnaghan isothermal equation of state yields V ₀=512.3 (3) ų, K _T,0=102.9 (28) GPa and K′=6.4 (3). Compression is strongly anisotropic with the a-axes, which lie in the plane of the distorted close-packed layers, approximately 26% more compressible than the c-axis, which is normal to the plane. Structure refinement from single-crystal X-ray intensity data reveals expansion of the structure with Fe substitution, mainly by expansion of M-site octahedra. The short Si2–O6 distance becomes nearly 1% shorter with ~2% Fe substitution for Mg, possibly providing additional rigidity in the c-direction over the Mg end member. K _T obtained for the Fe-bearing sample is ~5.5% greater than reported previously for Fe-free Phase A, despite the larger unit cell volume. This study represents a direct comparison of structure and K _T–ρ relations between two compositions of a F-free dense hydrous magnesium silicate (DHMS) phase, and may help to characterize the effect of Fe substitution on the properties of other DHMS phases from studies of the Fe-free end-members.  相似文献   

Thorite versus huttonite: stability, electronic properties and X-ray emission spectra from first-principle calculations     

Igor R. Shein  Konstantin I. Shein  Alexander L. Ivanovskii 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2006,33(8-9):545-552

The structural, electronic properties and stability of thorium orthosilicate ThSiO₄ polymorphs: thorite and huttonite are investigated by means of the full-potential linearized augmented-plane-wave method with the generalized gradient approximation for the exchange-correlation potential (FLAPW-GGA). The forbidden gaps of thorite and huttonite are estimated at about 7.8 and 7.6 eV, respectively. It is found that Th5f states in ThSiO₄ partially overlap with occupied O2p bands. The data obtained showed that thorite is more stable than huttonite; in turn both ThSiO₄ polymorphs are unstable with respect to their constituent binary oxides (thorianite ThO₂ and α-quartz SiO₂) in agreement with the experiments. The theoretical shapes of X-ray emission (XES) (Si,O)Kα,β spectra for thorite, huttonite as well as for SiO₂ and ThO₂ are calculated and discussed. We show that the XES spectroscopy near the (Si,O)K edge may be very useful technique not only for detailed investigation of the bulk-electronic structure of Th silicates but also for the phase analysis of complex mineral samples containing these species.  相似文献   

Binary upscaling—the role of connectivity and a new formula     

Christen Knudby  Jesús Carrera  Jim D. Bumgardner  Graham E. Fogg 《Advances in water resources》2006

Although recognized as important, measures of connectivity (i.e. the existence of high-conductivity paths that increase flow and allow for early solute arrival) have not yet been incorporated into methods for upscaling hydraulic conductivities of porous media. We present and evaluate a binary upscaling formula that utilizes connectivity information. The upscaled hydraulic conductivity (K) of binary media is determined as a function of the proportions and conductivities of the two materials, the geometry of the inclusions, and the mean distance between them. The use of a phase interchange theorem renders the formula equally applicable to two-dimensional media with inclusions of low K and high K as compared with the matrix. The new upscaling formula is tested on two-dimensional binary random fields spanning a broad range of spatial correlation structures and conductivity contrasts. The computed effective conductivities are compared to what is obtained using self-consistent effective medium theory, the coated ellipsoids approximation, and to a streamline approach. It is shown that, although simple, the proposed formula performs better than available methods for binary upscaling. The use of connectivity information leads to significantly improved behavior close to the percolation threshold. The proposed upscaling formula depends exclusively on parameters that are obtainable from field investigations.  相似文献