SFM法在水盐体系相图计算机成图中的应用(Ⅲ):由子体系出发计算多元水盐相图的一种简便方法          下载免费PDF全文

殷辉安  唐明林  魏贤华  胡家文 《盐湖研究》2003,11(1):72-72,65

对符号函数矩阵（SFM）法用于水盐体系相图计算机成图过程进行改进，减少了成图工作量，成图结果与文献报导实验值和计算结果吻合。  相似文献   

Case study of cloud physical and chemical processes in low clouds at Mt. Brocken   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

K. Acker  S. Mertes  D. Mller  W. Wieprecht  R. Auel  D. Kalaß 《Atmospheric Research》2002,64(1-4)

Frequency distributions of cloud base height and cloud type of low clouds observed between May and October 1998 at Mt. Brocken (Germany) have been derived from ceilometer measurements and synoptic observations. The summit at 1142 m a.s.l. was about 50% of that time in cloud. During daytime, Stratus clouds were the dominant cloud type (65%), whereas Cumulus clouds amounted to 27% and Stratocumulus clouds to 8%. Evidence was found that the increase of the cloud base height observed at Mt. Brocken continues since the end of the 1980s. An example for a clear anticorrelation between the liquid water content (LWC) of the cloud and the height above cloud base is shown. Other results of this detailed case study of a cloud event on October 8, 1998 concerning phase partitioning of water-soluble inorganic compounds, black carbon (BC) and organic carbon (OC) between the liquid and the interstitial phase will also be presented. The observed ion-specific increase in the solute mass per cubic meter of air with decrease of the distance between sampling position and cloud base was caused mainly by entrainment of air from the below-cloud layer. As expected, for sulfate, ammonia and nitrate, high scavenging coefficients (>0.8) were found. OC exhibits a high scavenging fraction of between 0.4 and 0.7; the value for black carbon (0.2–0.4) implies that soot was possibly to some extent internally mixed in the cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). Simultaneous measurements during a cloud event of HNO₂ and HNO₃ in the gas phase and N(III) and N(V) in the liquid phase were made for the first time.  相似文献   

Experimental investigation of the origin of majoritic garnet inclusions in diamonds   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

T. Gasparik 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2002,29(3):170-180

 Multianvil experiments were carried out at 10–15 GPa and 1600–1700 °C to match the compositions of majoritic garnet inclusions from diamonds, and to determine the compositions of other phases potentially coexisting with these inclusions in the source. Most experiments produced coexisting majoritic garnet, diopsidic clinopyroxene, one or more (Mg,Fe)₂SiO₄ polymorphs, and quenched carbonatic melt. The experimental garnets had relatively high Ca and Fe contents similar to the observed Ca and Fe contents of the inclusions. The resulting Si contents confirmed that the depth of origin of the inclusion with the highest Si content did not exceed 410 km, thus none of the majoritic garnet inclusions found so far originated in the transition zone (410–660 km). The evidence from inclusions and experiments is consistent with the presence of an eclogite layer occurring globally between 200 and 410 km. Compositional variations observed among more than 100 majoritic garnet inclusions with their Si content, which is a measure of pressure and depth, are consistent with the origin of the eclogite layer by crystal fractionation in a magma ocean. The compositions of olivine coexisting with majoritic garnet in the experimental products had the average Fe/(Fe + Mg) ratios between 0.16 and 0.28. Inclusions with such high Fe contents have not been found; the Fe/(Fe + Mg) ratio of the olivine inclusions in diamonds usually varies between 0.05 and 0.09. Hence, the mantle between 200 and 410 km may not contain olivine. In the absence of olivine, the discontinuity at 410 km is most likely a chemical boundary between the 200-km-thick eclogite layer and a more mafic transition zone. Received: 15 March 2001 / Accepted: 14 September 2001  相似文献   

TPD软件绘制水盐体系三元相图   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5       下载免费PDF全文

夏树屏  陈世荣  王波  李明华  高世扬 《盐湖研究》2002,10(1):1-7

介绍了三种三角相图绘图软件 ,着重说明用Delphi5开发设计绘图软件 (TPD)解决了几个难点 ,达到具有多功能特点的水盐体系专用计算机绘图软件。实现了快速绘制三元平衡相图。并应用本程序绘制了不同类型相图。表明该程序方便、快速和可靠 ,所绘图形满意  相似文献   

西部含锂、钾、镁、硼盐卤资源水盐体系相化学研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

张逢星  李君  魏小兰  杨琴  郭志箴  陈运生 《盐湖研究》2002,10(3):20-25

从资源特点出发 ,分别回顾了含锂、钾、镁氯化物多元水盐体系 ,镁水泥体系 ,盐卤锂、钾卤化物水盐体系的相化学研究 ,概括了主要研究成果并指出实际应用上的关键问题 ,以及研究的主要内容。  相似文献   

Phase boundary between ilmenite and perovskite structures in MnGeO3 determined by in situ X-ray diffraction measurements     

Daisuke Yamazaki  Eiji Ito  Yoshinori Tange  Takashi Yoshino  Shuangmeng Zhai  Hiroshi Fukui  Anton Shatskiy  Tomoo Katsura  Ken-ichi Funakoshi 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2007,34(4):269-273

In situ X-ray observations of the phase transition from ilmenite to perovskite structure in MnGeO₃ were carried out in a Kawai-type high-pressure apparatus interfaced with synchrotron radiation. The phase boundary between the ilmenite and perovskite structures in the temperature range of 700–1,400°C was determined to be P (GPa) = 16.5(±0.6) − 0.0034(±0.0006)T (°C) based on Anderson’s gold pressure scale. The Clapeyron slope, dP/dT, determined in this study is consistent with that for the transition boundary between the ilmenite and the perovskite structure in MgSiO₃.  相似文献   

金星非单调冷却热演化历史分析          下载免费PDF全文

张健  石耀霖 《地球物理学报》2007,50(1):146-152

金星表层年龄和构造活动特点表明其岩石层在最近的地质历史时期经历过广泛的更新.这种全球性的表层改造与其内部热演化历史进程密切相关.如果金星存在相变形成的上、下地幔，依据现今所了解的金星物理性质和参量化的热对流理论，并且考虑金星地幔相变边界层状态对对流的控制作用，我们计算了金星热演化历史.结果表明，金星的热演化历史是一种非单调的冷却过程，在这种非单调的热演化历史进程中，金星地幔会出现大体等周期的翻转.由于参数选取的不同，翻转时金星上、下地幔的温差随时间可能出现稳定变化、逐渐加强、逐渐减弱三种不同演化模式，目前尚不能确定实际金星热演化历史究竟是哪一种模式.金星地幔相变边界层的穿透对流可能是推动其表层岩石层全球性更新的关键，导致其表层火山活动和地表构造以大致500 Ma时间间隔更新和重造.  相似文献   

Earthquake ground motion in Mexico City: An analysis of data recorded at Roma array     

Martín Crdenas-Soto  Francisco J. Chvez-García 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2007,27(5):475-486

We analysed in detail three earthquakes recorded in a small-aperture accelerometric array in Mexico City, using the correlation of the records as a function of time along the accelerogram and frequency. Ground response is strongly conditioned by the fundamental period of the soft soils at the site of the array (T₀). Energy at periods longer than 2T₀ is guided by the crustal structure (with a thickness of 45 km). The wave field at periods between T₀ and 2T₀ also consists of surface waves but guided by the upper 2–3 km of volcanic sediments in central Mexico. For periods smaller than T₀, ground motion is uncorrelated among the stations. Our results indicate that seismic response of Mexico City, including its very long duration, results from deeply guided surface waves (between 2 and 45 km depth) interacting with the very local response of the soft surficial clay layer.  相似文献   

Thermal expansion and phase transitions in åkermanite and gehlenite     

Marco Merlini  Mauro Gemmi  Gilberto Artioli 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2005,32(3):189-196

Thermal expansion has been measured by laboratory and synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction for end-member åkermanite (ak, Ca₂MgSi₂O₇) and gehlenite (ge, Ca₂Al₂SiO₇) in the range 20–1,500 K. In ak in the range 340–390 K, there is a negative linear thermal expansion in [001] direction. This is related to the phase transition from an incommensurate modulated structure (IC) to a normal one (N). The volumetric mean thermal expansion coefficients for ak and ge, obtained with a linear fit of the experimental data in the temperature range 298–1,400 K, are respectively 32.1×10^–6 and 28.3×10^–6 K^–1 . The variation of the c/a ratio with temperature, due to different thermal expansion along the crystallographic axes, can be related to the different behaviour of the tetrahedral layers in the N and IC phases. Analysis of the variation of the superstructure peaks intensity across the phase transition confirms the tricritical behaviour of the IC/N transition in ak.  相似文献   

Analysis of karst hydrodynamics through comparison of dissolved and suspended solids' transport     

Danièle Valdes  Jean-Paul Dupont  Nicolas Massei  Benoît Laignel  Joël Rodet 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2005,337(15):1365-1374

In karst systems, rain events often result in a decrease of the conductivity (a tracer of dissolved phase transport) and an increase in turbidity (a tracer of suspended solids transport) at wells and springs. This study shows that the comparison of suspended solids and solute transport by the coupled approach of $T\text{–}C$ curves (Turbidity–Conductivity) and autocorrelations gives evidence of the transport processes in the karst network and allows understanding the karst hydrodynamics. To cite this article: D. Valdes et al., C. R. Geoscience 337 (2005).  相似文献