在确定潜在震源区中地震和地质资料的应用   总被引：3，自引：4，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

张裕明 《地震地质》1992,14(3):275-278

在确定潜在震源区中如何应用地震和地质资料是编制中国地震烈度区划图(1990)的关键问题,包括如何利用地震和地质资料来勾划地震带和潜在震源区的范围和方向,以及确定本底地震和潜在震源区的震级上限  相似文献   

上海市南部地区地震危险性分析     

朱子沾 《上海国土资源》1992,(1):24-30,39

本文通过对工作区内地震地质、地球物理场特征研究,确定了场区周围九个潜在震源区,分析计算得出各潜在震源区的地震活动性参数。用概率论的方法,以洪华生等人提出的《断层—破裂模型》计算得到上海市南部地区地震烈度年超越概率以及10、20、50、100、200、300、500年内场区的地震影响烈度超越概率,并对这一地区的地震危险性进行了估计。  相似文献   

土壤-植物-大气连续体模型中的蒸散发计算   总被引：19，自引：4，他引：19       下载免费PDF全文

刘昌明  窦清晨 《水科学进展》1992,3(4):255-263

土壤-植物-大气连续体(SPAC)中包括一系列的水分与能量交换过程.本文侧重探讨蒸发与蒸腾的过程及其定量.主要内容包括(SPAC)综合模型;各种蒸散发参数的确定;作物蒸腾量的确定;棵间土壤表面蒸发量的确定.用实际观测资料进行验算,得出比较符合实测过程的蒸发和蒸腾计算结果.  相似文献   

Meanders caused by hyperconcentrated water flow: An example from the loess plateau,China     

Xu Jiongxin 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1993,18(8):687-702

This paper describes meandering alluvial rivers with mean annual suspended-sediment concentrations of more than 100 kgm^?3 on the Loess Plateau, China, and explains their formation as caused by the effect of hyperconcentrated water flow. When the river is dominated by hyperconcentrated flow, the rate of energy expenditure required for sediment transport declines significantly. Accordingly, the river channel adjusts itself to a lower channel gradient by increasing the river length, resulting in a meandering channel. Since the stable transportation of sediment by hyperconcentrated flow is dependent on river channel boundary conditions, the latter play an important role in the formation of meanders of this kind. The paper also discusses the conditions for the discrimination of meandering and braided rivers in this area.  相似文献   

A remote sensing model for monitoring soil evaporation based on differential thermal inertia and its validation   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

张仁华  孙晓敏  朱治林  苏红波  唐新斋 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2003,46(4):342-355

To develop geosciences quantification and multi-dimensional researches will be an inevitable trend in the 21st century. The interaction between the land surface and the atmosphere not only serves as an important component in geosciences quantification, bu…  相似文献   

Equilibrium Evaporation and the Convective Boundary Layer   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

M. R. Raupach 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2000,96(1-2):107-142

A theory is developed for surface energy exchanges in well-mixed, partlyopen systems, embracing fully open and fully closed systems as limits.Conservation equations for entropy and water vapour are converted intoan exact rate equation for the potential saturation deficit D in a well-mixed, partly open region. The main contributions to changes in D arise from (1) the flux of D at the surface, dependent on a conductance g_q that is a weighted sum of the bulk aerodynamic and surface conductances; and (2) the exchange flux of D with the external environment by entrainment or advection, dependent on a conductance g_e that is identifiable with the entrainment velocity when the partly open region is a growing convective boundary layer (CBL). The system is fully open when g_e/g_q , and fully closed when g_e/g_q 0. The equations determine the steady state surface energy balance (SEB) in a partly open system, the associated steady-state deficit, and the settling time scale needed to reach the steady state. The general result for the steady-state SEB corresponds to the equations of conventional combination theory for the SEB of a vegetated surface, with the surface-layer deficit replaced by the external deficit and with g_q replaced by the series sum (g_q ^-1 + g_e ^-1)^-1. In the fully open limit D is entirely externally prescribed, while in the fully closed limit, D is internally determined and the SEB approaches thermodynamic equilibrium energy partition. In the case of the CBL, the conductances g_q and g_e are themselves functions of D through short-term feedbacks, induced by entrainment in the case of g_e and by both physiological and aerodynamic (thermal stability) processes in the case of g_q. The effects of these feedbacks are evaluated. It is found that a steady-state CBL is physically achievable only over surfaces with at least moderate moisture availability; that entrainment has a significant accelerating effect on equilibration; that the settling time scale is well approximated by h/(g_q + g_e), where h is the CBL depth; and that this scale is short enough to allow a steady state to evolve within a semi-diurnal time scale only when h is around 500 m or less.  相似文献   

对华北一次特大台风暴雨过程的位涡诊断分析   总被引：59，自引：23，他引：36  

于玉斌  姚秀萍 《高原气象》2000,19(1):111-120

通过对９６０８号台风低压及其外围暴雨位和等熵面上物理量场的分析,揭示了台风低压北上诱发暴雨过程的位涡场的结构及冷空气对暴雨增幅的作用,给出此次暴雨增幅过程的图像。分析表明：对流层低层中高纬度冷空气（高位涡）扩散南下在台风低压环流区附近的“侵入”作用是此次特大暴雨过程的最重要的原因之一;等熵面位涡的分析进一步说明了中高纬地区冷空气的活动状况;对流层高层或平流层低层位涡的下传有利于位势不稳定能量的释放  相似文献   

新疆渭干河灌区水文地质条件变化及排水措施探讨     

王春得  赵忠贤 《地下水》2006,28(6):87-89

渭干河灌区的水土环境及水文地质条件在克孜尔水库建成后发生了一定的变化,本文结合灌区12年来的水盐监测资料,对灌区地下水的埋深变化规律、水质演变趋势、灌区的排水效果及目前存在的问题进行了分析与探讨,并为今后灌区排水措施和保持水土环境的良性发展提出了建议.  相似文献   

和田市近40年蒸发量的变化特征   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

买买提·阿布都拉  玉苏甫·阿布都拉  刘海涛  帕提曼 《气象》2006,32(8):92-96

利用和田市气象站1961-2000年20cm口径蒸发量资料，对蒸发量的年、季、月变化趋势、年代际变化特征、突变和周期等气候变化作了较全面分析。结果表明：40年来各季、月蒸发量呈现不同程度的上升趋势，年蒸发量以48．52mm／10a的倾向率增多，偏多趋势主要表现在春季、秋季，其中5月份蒸发量偏多趋势最明显。年蒸发量在20世纪60年代为相对偏少期，80年代为相对偏多期。采用累积距平曲线和标准Morlet小波方法对年总蒸发量进行突变检验和周期分析表明，年蒸发量在1978年发生一次突变，蒸发量变化具有4～6年、11年和22年左右的年周期变化。  相似文献   

西北地区近期地壳水平运动与构造变形特征   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

张希  刘文义  王双绪  王文萍  张晓亮  崔笃信  薛富平 《中国地震》2006,22(1):43-55

利用截止2004年的西北地区GPS和跨祁连-龙首山构造带的红外测距观测资料，借助最小二乘配置、弹性块体边界负位错模型及单一力源反演，研究昆仑山口西8．1级大震前后西北地区水平形变应变场的动态演化特征；尤其是大震3年后，即当前的构造形变与应力场态势；获取活动块体及其边界断裂上可能反映中强以上孕震背景的高应变能积累区、段，以及可能的潜在震源。结果表明：青藏块体北缘地区经8．1级大震后的短期松弛和调整，目前正在恢复印度板块北东向碰撞推挤背景场的主控作用。而北天山构造带中段及其与西段的交汇区、南天山构造带中西段及其与西昆仑构造带的交汇区、阿尔金断裂中段、祁连山构造带中东段及其与海原断裂的交汇区、西秦岭北缘断裂与庄浪河断裂东南延伸线的交汇区域等具有相对高应变能积累背景；临泽与海原这两个地区也反映一定程度的应变能积累状态。  相似文献