排序方式： 共有62条查询结果，搜索用时 638 毫秒
21.
全球大气再分析资料的研究现状与进展 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
在过去十多年,利用资料同化技术再分析过去的气象观测资料,重建高时空分辨率的格点历史气候数据集取得了长足发展。再分析资料的问世为人们深入了解大气运动的方式、认识不同时空尺度内气候变化和变率提供了强有力的、甚至不可替代的研究工具。就当前国际上一些主要的全球大气再分析资料研究计划及其产品的概况、再分析资料在大气科学及其相关研究领域中的应用、再分析资料的评估及其在气候变化研究中存在的一些主要质量问题做了回顾与介绍,并就未来大气再分析资料研究计划的一些发展趋势予以展望。 相似文献
22.
作为时间序列非线性的一个重要指标,从NCEP再分析得到日气温异常的时间不可逆性(TI)与观测站的相比几乎一致地被高估了.因为非线性与可预报性/极端事件之间有着密切的关系,除了高估的TI外,这些大气测度也可能被高估.本文结果表明:NCEP再分析的日最低和最高气温异常序列的内在可预报性,预报技巧和极端事件发生次数也几乎一致... 相似文献
23.
In this study, surface air temperature from 75 meteorological stations above 3000 m on the Tibetan Plateau are applied for evaluation of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ECMWF) third-generation reanalysis product ERA-Interim in the period of 1979-2010. High correlations ranging from 0.973 to 0.999 indicate that ERA-Interim could capture the annual cycle very well. However, an average root-meansquare error(rmse) of 3.7°C for all stations reveals that ERA-Interim could not be applied directly for the individual sites. The biases can be mainly attributed to the altitude differences between ERA-Interim grid points and stations. An elevation correction method based on monthly lapse rates is limited to reduce the bias for all stations. Generally, ERA-Interim captured the Plateau-Wide annual and seasonal climatologies very well. The spatial variance is highly related to the topographic features of the TP. The temperature increases significantly(10°C- 15°C) from the western to the eastern Tibetan Plateau for all seasons, in particular during winter and summer. A significant warming trend(0.49°C/decade) is found over the entire Tibetan Plateau using station time series from 1979-2010. ERA-Interim captures the annual warming trend with an increase rate of 0.33°C /decade very well. The observation data and ERA-Interim data both showed the largest warming trends in winter with values of 0.67°C/decade and 0.41°C/decade, respectively. We conclude that in general ERA-Interim captures the temperature trends very well and ERA-Interim is reliable for climate change investigation over the Tibetan Plateau under the premise of cautious interpretation. 相似文献
24.
Recent wave reanalysis databases require the application of techniques capable of managing huge amounts of information. In this paper, several clustering and selection algorithms: K-Means (KMA), self-organizing maps (SOM) and Maximum Dissimilarity (MDA) have been applied to analyze trivariate hourly time series of met-ocean parameters (significant wave height, mean period, and mean wave direction). A methodology has been developed to apply the aforementioned techniques to wave climate analysis, which implies data pre-processing and slight modifications in the algorithms. Results show that: a) the SOM classifies the wave climate in the relevant “wave types” projected in a bidimensional lattice, providing an easy visualization and probabilistic multidimensional analysis; b) the KMA technique correctly represents the average wave climate and can be used in several coastal applications such as longshore drift or harbor agitation; c) the MDA algorithm allows selecting a representative subset of the wave climate diversity quite suitable to be implemented in a nearshore propagation methodology. 相似文献
25.
Peter R. Oke David A. Griffin 《Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography》2011,58(5):574-591
During the Austral summer of 2006-07 a series of extreme oceanic events occurred in the Tasman Sea. Following a series of strong wind-driven upwelling events, an intense cold-core eddy developed off Sydney, Australia. A data-assimilating, eddy-resolving ocean model is used to create a three-dimensional time-varying reanalysis of these events. The reanalysis indicates that the cold anomalies associated with the upwellings were in excess of −5 °C near the coast, where sea level decreased by as much as 0.2 m. The reanalysed three-dimensional structure of the cold-core eddy shows the eddy "leaning" to the west-north-west, in towards the continental shelf. The diameter of the eddy is about 100 km and the sea-level anomaly at the eddy centre peaks at around −1 m, with an associated sub-surface temperature anomaly in excess of −8 °C at 200 m depth, corresponding to an upward isotherm excursion of 600 m. The circulation around the cyclonic eddy is ageostrophic, with upwelling in the southern sector of the eddy (where flow is onshore and climbing the continental slope) and downwelling in the northern sector (where flow is descending off the slope). Three-dimensional trajectories of water parcels around the eddy involve 50-100-m vertical excursions. Based on the reanalysed circulation and composite satellite images of Chlorophyll-a, we hypothesise that the circulation around the eddy led to significant nutrient enrichment in the euphotic zone around the perimeter of the eddy. 相似文献
26.
The first version of a global ocean reanalysis over multiple decades (1979–2008) has been completed by the National Marine Data and Information Service within the China Ocean Reanalysis (CORA) project. The global ocean model employed is based upon the ocean general circulation model of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. A sequential data assimilation scheme within the framework of 3D variational (3DVar) analysis, called multi-grid 3DVar, is implemented in 3D space for retrieving multiple-scale observational information. Assimilated oceanic observations include sea level anomalies (SLAs) from multi-altimeters, sea surface temperatures (SSTs) from remote sensing satellites, and in-situ temperature/salinity profiles. Evaluation showed that compared to the model simulation, the annual mean heat content of the global reanalysis is significantly approaching that of World Ocean Atlas 2009 (WOA09) data. The quality of the global temperature climatology was found to be comparable with the product of Simple Ocean Data Assimilation (SODA), and the major ENSO events were reconstructed. The global and Atlantic meridional overturning circulations showed some similarity as SODA, although significant differences were found to exist. The analysis of temperature and salinity in the current version has relatively larger errors at high latitudes and improvements are ongoing in an updated version. CORA was found to provide a simulation of the subsurface current in the equatorial Pacific with a correlation coefficient beyond about 0.6 compared with the Tropical Atmosphere Ocean (TAO) mooring data. The mean difference of SLAs between altimetry data and CORA was less than 0.1 m in most years. 相似文献
27.
Bin ZHAO Bo ZHANG Chunxiang SHI Jingwei LIU Lipeng JIANG 《Journal of Meteorological Research》2019,(3):563-575
The global energy cycle is a diagnostic metric widely used to gauge the quality of datasets. In this paper, the "Mixed Space-Time Domain" method for diagnosis of energy cycle is evaluated by using newly developed datasets-the Chinese Reanalysis Interim (CRAI) and ECMWF Reanalysis version 5 (ERA5), over a 7-yr period (2010-16) on seasonal and monthly timescales. The results show that the energy components calculated from the two reanalysis datasets are highly consistent;however, some components in the global energy integral from CRAI are slightly larger than those from ERA5. The main discrepancy in the energy components stems from the conversion of baroclinic process, whereas the dominant difference originates from the conversion from stationary eddy available potential energy to stationary eddy kinetic energy (CES), which is caused by systematic differences in the temperature and vertical velocity in low-mid latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere and near the Antarctic, where there exist complex terrains. Furthermore, the monthly analysis reveals that the general discrepancy in the temporal variation between the two datasets also lie mainly in the CES as well as corresponding generation and dissipation rates. 相似文献
28.
选取NCEP1、NCEP2和ERA-Interim中1981—2010年共30 a的风场、温度场和地面气压场再分析资料,利用"倒算法"计算青藏高原大气热源,对三套资料的计算结果进行了多方面比较分析,并运用Morlet小波法分析了区域平均的高原热源的时间变化特征。结果显示:(1)三套资料计算的季节平均的热源在空间分布上基本一致,夏季高原大部分地区为热源,冬季除高原西北部是热源外,其余地区为冷源。其中,ERA-Interim与NCEP1的分布更为接近;(2)三套资料均表明:就30 a平均而言,青藏高原大气为显著的热源,分布上ERA-Interim与NCEP1相似,量值上NCEP的两套资料更为接近;(3)区域平均热源的月际变化十分一致,相关系数均超过99%显著性检验。NCEP的两套资料对年际变化的描述更为一致,二者相关系数为0.88,ERA-Interim与NCEP两套资料的结果略有差距,相关系数分别为0.78和0.70;(4)整体而言,ERA-Interim资料在反映高原热源方面较优,但也要注意考察该资料给出的高原南坡强热源的真实合理性。 相似文献
29.
西北干旱区是欧亚大陆夏季感热输送的高值区,此区域感热输送对东亚季风气候系统的变异有重要影响。然而,再分析资料的感热通量在此区域存在很大的不确定性,影响该地区感热变化对东亚区域气候影响的认识。本文基于敦煌戈壁站2001~2014年夏季的观测数据,评估了NCEP/NCAR、NCEP/DOE、ERA-Interim和JRA-55这4套再分析产品的感热通量。敦煌戈壁站的感热通量是根据敦煌戈壁站常规观测数据和Y08方案计算得到,代表敦煌戈壁站的实际感热。结果显示,戈壁站夏季感热多年平均约为85.7 W m-2,但受局地降水的影响存在较大的波动;再分析资料的感热通量之间存在很大的不确定性,与观测相比,ERA-Interim的感热通量在大小和变化上好于其他再分析资料,在没有局地性降水的影响时比较接近观测。进一步分析了再分析感热与观测差异的原因。研究表明,再分析资料中的地表风速和地气温差与粗糙度设置和热力参数化方案相关联。各再分析资料均不同程度地低估了敦煌戈壁站的地气温差(观测值约6.5°C),这主要是由于再分析系统中对戈壁下垫面的粗糙度设置偏高以及热力参数化方案不太适用于戈壁下垫面造成的。相对而言,ERA-Interim的参数化方案在戈壁下垫面优于其他再分析产品的参数化方案,使得ERA-Interim的地气温差相对其他再分析资料更接近实际观测,感热通量较为合理。 相似文献
30.
中国探空观测与第3代再分析大气湿度资料的对比研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为评估中国探空观测与第3代再分析大气湿度资料的差异,基于ERA-Interim、JRA-55、MERRA和CFSR再分析和中国118探空站1979-2015年逐月850-300 hPa大气比湿和相对湿度的原始值及均一化序列,通过分析探空与再分析资料的相对偏差、相关系数、标准差比和变化趋势,研究了两者在多年平均值、年际变率、离散度及长期变化趋势等方面的差异。结果表明,中国探空原始湿度序列存在显著的非均一性问题,均一化提高了序列的连续性,但存在显著的低偏差,总体较原始湿度偏低5%-43%。再分析中国平均对流层大气比湿和相对湿度较探空观测偏高,相对湿度的偏差幅度（7%-48%）较比湿大（4%-13%）,对流层高层较低层大,春秋季偏差较夏季显著。各再分析资料间的差别较小,JRA-55在对流层高层较其他再分析资料偏低,与探空观测较接近。再分析与均一化后中国探空比湿和相对湿度年际变率和离散度在对流层低层较为一致,对流层中高层再分析资料的离散度明显高于探空。再分析与均一化探空中国平均比湿在对流层低层一致呈上升趋势;对流层中层探空为上升趋势,再分析资料为下降趋势。再分析与均一化探空相对湿度变化趋势差异较大,探空为上升趋势且对流层中高层上升显著,对流层再分析为下降趋势。 相似文献