全文获取类型
收费全文 | 4409篇 |
免费 | 1213篇 |
国内免费 | 174篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 59篇 |
大气科学 | 59篇 |
地球物理 | 4176篇 |
地质学 | 944篇 |
海洋学 | 223篇 |
天文学 | 8篇 |
综合类 | 77篇 |
自然地理 | 250篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 6篇 |
2023年 | 23篇 |
2022年 | 72篇 |
2021年 | 85篇 |
2020年 | 143篇 |
2019年 | 172篇 |
2018年 | 146篇 |
2017年 | 183篇 |
2016年 | 173篇 |
2015年 | 187篇 |
2014年 | 284篇 |
2013年 | 211篇 |
2012年 | 167篇 |
2011年 | 221篇 |
2010年 | 217篇 |
2009年 | 287篇 |
2008年 | 301篇 |
2007年 | 264篇 |
2006年 | 275篇 |
2005年 | 233篇 |
2004年 | 205篇 |
2003年 | 196篇 |
2002年 | 211篇 |
2001年 | 152篇 |
2000年 | 153篇 |
1999年 | 141篇 |
1998年 | 147篇 |
1997年 | 141篇 |
1996年 | 175篇 |
1995年 | 153篇 |
1994年 | 103篇 |
1993年 | 107篇 |
1992年 | 64篇 |
1991年 | 42篇 |
1990年 | 39篇 |
1989年 | 30篇 |
1988年 | 26篇 |
1987年 | 13篇 |
1986年 | 4篇 |
1985年 | 4篇 |
1984年 | 11篇 |
1983年 | 1篇 |
1981年 | 1篇 |
1980年 | 4篇 |
1979年 | 4篇 |
1978年 | 4篇 |
1977年 | 8篇 |
1954年 | 7篇 |
排序方式: 共有5796条查询结果,搜索用时 406 毫秒
91.
92.
由于工程需要,对广梧高速公路(马安—河口段)的地震地质情况进行了考察,马安—河口路段所处大地构造性质为东南地洼区,穿越了三个次级构造分区:白土断陷、思劳断隆、云浮断隆。路段附近发育3条断裂:肇庆断裂、河口断裂和吴川—四会断裂。前两者为非活动断裂,后者为活动断裂且星北东向从思劳附近穿过,是未来5.0级地震发生地段,烈度可达Ⅵ度。但路段附近地震活动水平较低,仅发生过4以—5.0级地震4次,最大烈度为Ⅴ度。白诸立交、河口立交的地震地质环境稳定,思劳立交基本稳定,沿线不易产生滑坡与崩塌。 相似文献
93.
94.
Introduction Receiver function has been extensively applied in studying S wave velocity of crust and up-per mantle for about 20 years (Owens, et al, 1987; LIU, et al, 1996), which is a time series ob-tained by the deconvolution of vertical component from horizontal component for teleseismic P waveform. Receiver function represents the teleseismic P plane wave response of crust and upper mantle beneath seismic station, from which the source and propagation effects are removed. Receiver funct… 相似文献
95.
The effect of asymmetry and irregularity of the inputted seismic waves on the earthquake-induced differential settlement of the buildings on natural subsoil is investigated in terms of the earthquake damage phenomena, theoretical analyses, dynamic triaxial tests and shaking table tests. A conclusion can be drawn from the investigation results that, the asymmetrical and irregular character of the inputted seismic waves themselves may have a significant contribution to the differential settlement of subsoil and buildings in some cases, and this is a necessary factor to be considered in reasonable evaluation for the differential settlement and other problems relating to the soil deformation due to earthquakes. 相似文献
96.
Decoupled seismic analysis of an earth dam 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The seismic stability of an earth dam is evaluated via the decoupled displacement analysis using the accelerograms obtained by ground response analysis to compute the earthquake-induced displacements. The response analysis of the dam is carried out under both 1D and 2D conditions, incorporating the non-linear soil behaviour through the equivalent linear method. Ten artificial and five real accelerograms were used as input motions and four different depths were assumed for the bedrock.1D and 2D response analyses were in a fair agreement with the exception of the top third of the dam where only a 2D modelling of the problem could ensure that the acceleration field is properly described. The acceleration amplification ratio obtained in the 2D analyses was equal to about 2 in all the cases considered, consistently with data from real case histories.The maximum permanent displacements computed by the sliding block analysis were small, being less than 10% of the service freeboard; a satisfactory performance of the dam can then be envisaged for any of the seismic scenarios considered in the analyses. 相似文献
97.
Electrical, seismic, and electromagnetic methods can be used for noninvasive determination of subsurface physical and chemical properties. In particular, we consider the evaluation of water salinity and the detection of surface contaminants. Most of the relevant properties are represented by electric conductivity, P-wave velocity, and dielectric permittivity. Hence, it is important to obtain relationships between these measurable physical quantities and soil composition, saturation, and frequency. Conductivity in the geoelectric frequency range is obtained with Pride's model for a porous rock. (The model considers salinity and permeability.) White's model of patchy saturation is used to calculate the P-wave velocity and attenuation. Four cases are considered: light nonaqueous phase liquid (LNAPL) pockets in water, dense nonaqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) pockets in water, LNAPL pockets in air, and DNAPL pockets in air. The size of the pockets (or pools), with respect to the signal wavelength, is modeled by the theory. The electromagnetic properties in the GPR frequency range are obtained by using the Hanai–Bruggeman equation for two solids (sand and clay grains) and two fluids (LNAPL or DNAPL in water or air). The Hanai–Bruggeman exponent (1/3 for spherical particles) is used as a fitting parameter and evaluated for a sand/clay mixture saturated with water.Pride's model predicts increasing conductivity for increasing salinity and decreasing permeability. The best-fit exponent of the Hanai–Bruggeman equation for a sand/clay mixture saturated with water is 0.61, indicating that the shape of the grains has a significant influence on the electromagnetic properties. At radar frequencies, it is possible to distinguish between a water-saturated medium and a NAPL-saturated medium, but LNAPL- and DNAPL-saturated media have very similar electromagnetic properties. The type of contaminant can be better distinguished from the acoustic properties. P-wave velocity increases with frequency, and has dissimilar behaviour for wet and dry soils. 相似文献
98.
Sjoerd J. Kluiving J. H. Aleid Bosch Jan H. J. Ebbing Chris S. Mesdag Rogier S. Westerhoff 《Journal of Applied Geophysics》2003,53(4):249
High-resolution seismic data (onshore and offshore), geophysical borehole data as well as detailed lithofacies from airlift boreholes were acquired in northern Netherlands on and around the island of Ameland. Marine and land seismic data combined with information from land boreholes have been explored with the objective of providing a sedimentary model. Qualitative seismic facies analysis of the valley fill commonly shows a thin unit with high amplitude reflectors at the base. Thick units of variable seismic facies (transparent to high amplitude) occur higher up in the sequence. Onlap is common at mid–upper levels within the sandy valley fill (with clay in mm layering), and a transparent seismic facies, corresponding to firm clays, is common at the top. Almost all lithological unit boundaries recognised within core parameters correspond with seismic unconformities within error margins. Subunits contain multiple cyclical trends in gamma ray and grain size. Cyclical trends show lower order fluctuations in gamma radiation on a scale of less than 1 m. Gamma-ray pattern variability between units, e.g. in general coarsening-up or fining-up units, suggests migration of subaqueous outwash fans or ice margin fluctuations. Seismic results could support a headward excavation and backfilling process suggested by Praeg [Morphology, stratigraphy and genesis of buried Elsterian tunnel valleys in the southern North Sea basin [PhD thesis]: University of Edinburgh, 207 pp.; Journal of Applied Geophysics, (this volume)] as being responsible for the formation of buried valleys. On a lithological scale, a more complicated, detailed and cyclical pattern arises. Catastrophic processes are considered unlikely as being responsible for the infill sequence because of the observed small-scale facies variability and because of the presence of diamicton layers. Diamicton layers at the base of basal unconformities as well as higher in sequence could suggest subglacial deformation by grounded ice before and during the valley-fill process. 相似文献
99.
We prove that rays in linearly elastic anisotropic nonuniform media obey Fermat's principle of stationary traveltime. First, we formulate the concept of rays, which emerges from the Hamilton equations. Then, we show that these rays are solutions of the variational problem stated by Fermat's principle. This proof is valid for all rays except the ones associated with infection points on the phase-slowness surface. 相似文献
100.
Practical VTI approximations: a systematic anatomy 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Transverse isotropy (TI) with a vertical symmetry axis (VTI) often provides an appropriate earth model for prestack imaging of steep-dip reflection seismic data. Exact P-wave and SV-wave phase velocities in VTI media are described by complicated equations requiring four independent parameters. Estimating appropriate multiparameter earth models can be difficult and time-consuming, so it is often useful to replace the exact VTI equations with simpler approximations requiring fewer parameters. The accuracy limits of different previously published VTI approximations are not always clear, nor is it always obvious how these different approximations relate to each other. Here I present a systematic framework for deriving a variety of useful VTI approximations. I develop first a sequence of well-defined approximations to the exact P-wave and SV-wave phase velocities. In doing so, I show how the useful but physically questionable heuristic of setting shear velocities identically to zero can be replaced with a more precise and quantifiable approximation. The key here to deriving accurate approximations is to replace the stiffness a13 with an appropriate factorization in terms of velocity parameters. Two different specific parameter choices lead to the P-wave approximations of Alkhalifah (Geophysics 63 (1998) 623) and Schoenberg and de Hoop (Geophysics 65 (2000) 919), but there are actually an infinite number of reasonable parametrizations possible. Further approximations then lead to a variety of other useful phase velocity expressions, including those of Thomsen (Geophysics 51 (1986) 1954), Dellinger et al. (Journal of Seismic Exploration 2 (1993) 23), Harlan (Stanford Exploration Project Report 89 (1995) 145), and Stopin (Stopin, A., 2001. Comparison of v(θ) equations in TI medium. 9th International Workshop on Seismic Anisotropy). Each P-wave phase velocity approximation derived this way can be paired naturally with a corresponding SV-wave approximation. Each P-wave or SV-wave phase velocity approximation can then be converted into an equivalent dispersion relation in terms of horizontal and vertical slownesses. A simple heuristic substitution also allows each phase velocity approximation to be converted into an explicit group velocity approximation. From these, in turn, travel time or moveout approximations can also be derived. The group velocity and travel time approximations derived this way include ones previously used by Byun et al. (Geophysics 54 (1989) 1564), Dellinger et al. (Journal of Seismic Exploration 2 (1993) 23), Tsvankin and Thomsen (Geophysics 59 (1994) 1290), Harlan (89 (1995) 145), and Zhang and Uren (Zhang, F. and Uren, N., 2001. Approximate explicit ray velocity functions and travel times for P-waves in TI media. 71st Annual International Meeting, Society of Exploration Geophysicists, Expanded Abstracts, 106–109). 相似文献