甘肃省沙尘暴过程的划分及统计分析   总被引：14，自引：5，他引：9  

陈晓光  张存杰  董安祥  陆登荣 《高原气象》2004,23(3):374-381

选取甘肃省18个代表站1955—2000年共46年的沙尘暴实测资料,确定了甘肃省区域性沙尘暴过程强度标准和单站沙尘暴过程强度标准,用此标准对甘肃省80个气象站自1955年以来的特强、强和一般沙尘暴过程进行了划分．并对其空间分布特征和时间变化特征进行了分析研究。  相似文献   

紫外线强度等级确定因子的季节性选择   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

毛宇清  姜爱军  沈澄  颜庭柏 《气象科学》2010,30(4):516-521

利用南京市2005年2月—2009年1月的紫外线辐射观测资料,分析了到达地面的紫外线辐射强度的季节变化和日变化规律,并重点对各月10—14时的紫外线辐射平均值、最大值和最小值的强度级别分布频率进行了分析和讨论,提出根据不同季节来选择不同的紫外线辐射特性值作为紫外线强度等级的确定因子,夏季采用10—14时的紫外线辐射强度的最大值,冬季采用其最小值,春季和秋季采用其平均值。  相似文献   

热带大气季节内振荡与西北太平洋热带气旋活动的季节预测:统计事实研究     

何洁琳  段安民  覃卫坚 《气候与环境研究》2013,18(1):101-110

应用NOAA气候预测中心提供的热带大气季节内振荡(MJO)客观业务指数及中国气象局上海台风研究所提供的西北太平洋热带气旋(TC)最佳路径资料集,定量统计榆验了MJO对夏季西北太平洋TC活动的调制作用.结果表明:MJO对TC的生成、强度、路径和登陆活动都有显著的调节作用.当高空辐合中心位于120°E～160°E(MJO位相3～5)时,西北太平洋TC生成偏少,且生成位置偏北;而当高空辐合中心位于10°W～70°E(MJO位相8～10)时,西北太平洋TC生成偏多,且生成位置偏南;随着TC强度加强,能达到显著调节作用的MJO位相逐渐减少,当高空辐合辐散中心位于70°E(MJO位相10)时,对TC强度调制最显著.在路径调节方面,MJO位相1～4和10时,TC活跃于菲律宾以东的西北太平洋上,主要路径为西北偏北行,可能登陆华东、华北;而位相5～8时,TC主要活跃在菲律宾附近及以西到南海,以偏西行路径为主,可能登陆华南.MJO对登陆华南TC也有显著影响.该定量统计检验结果可为TC活动季节内预测提供依据.  相似文献   

Shaking table tests on the lateral response of a pile buried in liquefied sand   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

J.R. Dungca  J. Kuwano  A. Takahashi  T. Saruwatari  J. Izawa  H. Suzuki  K. Tokimatsu 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2006,26(2-4):287-295

This paper presents an experimental study on the lateral resistance of a pile subjected to liquefaction-induced lateral flow. To observe the soil surrounding the pile during liquefaction, it was modeled as a buried cylinder that corresponded to a sectional model of the prototype pile at a certain depth in the subsoil. In order to create a realistic stress condition in the model ground, the model was prepared in a sealed container and the overburden pressure was applied to the ground surface by a rubber pressure bag. The model pile was actuated back and forth through rods attached on each side by an electro-hydraulic actuator.This paper focuses on observing the deformation of the liquefied soil surrounding the pile when a large relative displacement between the pile and the soil is induced. The loading rate effect on the lateral resistance of the pile in the liquefied sand and the influence of the relative density are also investigated.Test results show that a larger resistance is mobilized as the loading rate becomes higher. When the loading rate is higher, the cylinder displacement required for the lateral resistance becomes smaller. It has been also observed that as the relative density of the soil increases, dilatancy of the soil in front of the pile also increases.  相似文献   

0414号台风“云娜”多普勒雷达探测   总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

朱龙彪郑铮  何彩芬 《应用气象学报》2005,16(4):500-508

通过宁波新一代天气雷达对0414号台风“云娜”的多普勒雷达探测资料及其所提供的产品进行个例分析, 得出了一些初步的结果:该雷达对“云娜”的中心位置探测与舟山、温州雷达以及中央气象台综合定位基本一致; 通过大陈站、石浦站出现的极大风速与温州、宁波两部多普勒雷达测得的最大径向速度比较, 发现其独特的径向速度产品能较好地显示台风的极大风速情况; 探测到的反射率因子强度与雨强有较好的对应关系, 并就此讨论了Z-I关系。文章还对总降水量产品和实况雨量进行比较, 发现反演值只有实况过程雨量的50%左右。  相似文献   

Impact of sea surface temperature in modulating movement and intensity of tropical cyclones     

M. Mandal  U. C. Mohanty  P. Sinha  M. M. Ali 《Natural Hazards》2007,41(3):413-427

It is well recognized that sea surface temperature (SST) plays a dominant role in the formation and intensification of tropical cyclones. A number of observational/empirical studies were conducted at different basins to investigate the influence of SST on the intensification of tropical cyclones and in turn, modification in SST by the cyclone itself. Although a few modeling studies confirmed the sensitivity of model simulation/forecast to SST, it is not well quantified, particularly for Bay of Bengal cyclones. The present study is designed to quantify the sensitivity of SST on mesoscale simulation of an explosively deepening storm over the Bay of Bengal, i.e., Orissa super cyclone (1999). Three numerical experiments are conducted with climatological SST, NCEP (National Center for Environmental Prediction) skin temperature as SST, and observed SST (satellite derived) toward 5-day simulation of the storm using mesoscale model MM5. At model initial state, NCEP skin temperature and observed SST over the Bay of Bengal are 1–2°C warmer than climatological SST, but cooler by nearly 1°C along the coastline. Observed SST shows a number of warm patches in the Bay of Bengal compared with NCEP skin temperature. The simulation results indicate that the sea surface temperature has a significant impact on model-simulated track and intensity of the cyclonic storm. The track and intensity of the storm is better simulated with the use of satellite-observed SST.  相似文献   

Shaking table testing of geofoam seismic buffers   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Richard J. Bathurst  Saman Zarnani  Andrew Gaskin 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2007,27(4):324-332

The paper describes the experimental design and results of tests used to investigate the use of compressible EPS (geofoam) seismic buffers to attenuate dynamic loads against rigid retaining wall structures. The tests were carried out using 1-m-high models mounted on a large shaking table. Three different geofoam buffer materials retaining a sand soil were tested under idealized dynamic loading conditions. The results of these tests are compared to a nominal identical structure without a seismic buffer. The test results demonstrate that the reduction in dynamic load increased with decreasing seismic buffer density. For the best case reported here, the maximum dynamic force reduction was 31% at a peak base acceleration of 0.7g.  相似文献   

斜压大气中热带气旋运动特征的动力分析   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

雷小途  陈联寿 《地球物理学报》2001,44(4):467-476

从绝热、无摩擦、无环境场作用条件下的原始方程组出发,讨论了热带气旋的动力平衡特征,并分别导出了正、斜压大气中综合描述热带气旋中心强度变化的物理量(dI/dt)及其动力平衡关系式,进而分析了正、斜压大气中的热带气旋强度变化及移动的特征.结果表明:热带气旋的定常运动具有"相当地转风平衡”的特征,其等"压能”线和等位涡线均与流线重合;"β涡旋对”及由高(低)层水平风正(负)垂直切变产生的"切变涡旋对”之间的"通风气流”均使热带气旋的强度减弱,高(低)层涡度的负(正)垂直平流则增强热带气旋的强度;热带气旋的中心有向极、向高(低)层涡度垂直平流的梯(升)度方向移动的趋势,垂直运动及高、低层水平风速垂直切变的非对称结构对热带气旋的移动有影响;"γ效应”则是"通风气流”牵引热带气旋移动的动力机制之一.  相似文献   

Treatment of earthquake ground motion using regionalized variables     

James R. Carr  Charles E. Glass 《Mathematical Geology》1985,17(3):221-241

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大尺度环境场对热带气旋影响的动力分析   总被引：15，自引：3，他引：15  

雷小途  陈联寿 《气象学报》2001,59(4):429-439

文中基于正压大气运动的基本方程组 ,把大气运动场分解为大尺度环境场和热带气旋环流 ,采用动力分析的方法 ,分析了有 /无大尺度环境场作用的热带气旋运动特征。结果表明 :无环境场时 ,热带气旋的运动遵循位涡守恒原理、热带气旋的定常运动满足相当地转风平衡关系 (f 平面近似 ) ,其等位涡线和等压能线均与流线重合 ;有环境场时 ,热带气旋的运动不再遵循位涡守恒原理、其定常运动的等位涡线和等压能线也均与流线不再重合 ,但热带气旋的定常运动满足准相当地转风平衡关系 (f 平面近似 )、等相当压能线与流线重合。最后还能过建立有 /无大尺度环境场作用的热带气旋强度变化及移动速度的方程式 ,定性地分析了大尺度环境场对热带气旋强度变化及移动的影响。  相似文献