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81.
Kela 2 Gas Field, with high formation pressure (74.35MPa), high pressure coefficient (2.022) and difficulty of potential test and evaluation, is the largest integrated proved dry gas reservoir in China so far and the principal source for West-East Gas Development Project. In order to correctly evaluate the elastic-plastic deformation of rocks caused by the pressure decline during production, some researches, as the experiment on reservoir sensitivity to stress of gas filed with abnormal high pressure, are made. By testing the rock mechanic properties, porosities and permeabilities at different temperature and pressure of 342 core samples from 5 wells in this area, the variations of petro-physical properties at changing pressure are analyzed, and the applicable inspection relationship is concluded. The average productivity curve with the reservoir sensitivity to stress is plotted on the basis of the research, integrated with the field-wide productivity equation. The knowledge lays a foundation for the gas well productivity evaluation in the field and the gas field development plan, and provides effective techniques and measures for basic research on the development of similar gas fields. 相似文献
82.
Takashi Ono 《冰川冻土》2004,26(Z1):64-69
Serious failure on the slope of rock ground can be caused by a cyclic action of freezing and thawing in the cold regions. The frost susceptibility and the effect of freezing and thawing onthe rock material, however, have not been well investigated. In order to find out the freezing effect on the rock materials, mortar specimens are frozen as a pseudo-rock material under the constant rate of freezing by means of controlling the temperature of both ends of specimen. The freezing process is given one-dimensionally to the cylindrical samples in the laboratory to simulate the in-situ freezing phenomena in the natural ground. Formation of ice lens, frost heave and water intake during freezing process are observed on the mortar specimen under constant freezing rate, which probably causes cracks or large deformation in the real rock ground. The values of the velocity of elastic wave propagation are compared before and after freezing process to estimate the degree of weathering due to freezing and thawing. 相似文献
83.
使用1998年南海季风试验期问高质量资料和NCEP/NCAR40年再分析资料分析了南海季风建立前后的大尺度环流特征和要素的突变及爆发过程。发现南亚高压迅速从菲律宾以东移到中南半岛北部,孟加拉湾槽加深加强,赤道印度洋西风加强并向东向北迅速扩展和传播,以及伴随的中低纬相互作用和西太平洋副高连续东撤是南海夏季风建立的大尺度特征。与此同时,亚洲低纬地区的南北温差和纬向风切变也发生相应的突变。数值试验结果表明,印度半岛地形的陆面加热作用在其东侧激发的气旋性环流对于孟加拉湾槽的加强有重要作用,并进而有利于南海夏季风先于印度夏季风爆发。 相似文献
84.
植被变化对辽西夏季气候影响的数值试验 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
利用2001年6、7、8月份的资料及中尺度模式MM5V3.5对当年夏季辽西生态脆弱区进行了气候模拟性能试验,模拟出植被退化和恢复后辽西地区的温度变化。试验结果表明:在辽西部分地区植被退化后,当地夏季平均温度明显升高;在部分地区植被恢复后,当地夏季平均温度降低;在下垫面状况改变的周边地区,平均温度有一定程度的变化。同时,植被状况的改变对高空气压场和温度场也产生一定影响。 相似文献
85.
铝钛柱撑改性膨润土处理两种模拟废水的实验研究 总被引:10,自引:1,他引:10
以钠基膨润土为原料制备了铝钛无机柱撑、铝钛有机柱撑改性膨润土,确定了改性膨润土的最佳铝钛比和铝土比,并将其应用于模拟废水、化学实验室废水的处理。与原土进行比较,探讨了用量、pH值、搅拌时间等对COD去除率、色度去除率、浊度去除率的影响,通过正交实验对实验条件进行了优化。结果表明:有机柱撑改性膨润土、无机柱撑改性膨润土对废水的处理效果均明显好于原土,对废水色度、浊度的去除率均大于93%;对废水COD的去除效果,有机柱撑改性膨润土比无机柱撑改性膨润土有较大提高,去除率最高达66.31%,结果令人满意。 相似文献
86.
87.
88.
The main purpose of this study is to model the δ13C values of methane derived from coal by combining kinetic-simulating experiment with the gas chromatography-isotope ratio mass spectrum (GC-IRMS) analysis. The stable carbon isotopic variation of methane in pyrolysates with heating temperature indicates that the assumptions for both a constant kinetic isotope effect (α) and a uniform initial isotopic composition (δ13Co) are impractical for explaining the carbon isotopic fractionation during coalification. For purposes of simplification, two approaches are used in this paper to deal with the heterogeneity of terrestrial organic matter. One is that, assuming a uniform initial isotopic composition (i.e., δ13Ci, o=δ13Co) for all methane-generating precursors in coal, the isotopic variation of methane is fitted by adjusting ΔEa, i (Ea13C, i−Ea12C, i) for each hypothetical reaction. The other is that, assuming a constant kinetic isotope effect during the whole gas formation, that is all ΔEa, i values are identical, the modeling of methane isotopic composition is achieved by changing the 13CH4 generation potential of each reaction (fi, 13C), namely, by adjusting the initial δ13C value (δ13Ci, o) for each methane-generating precursor. Results of the kinetic calculation shows that the two simulating methods can yield a similar result at a geological heating rate of 2 °C/My, which further demonstrates that those natural gases with methane δ13C value being approximately −36‰ are possibly sourced from the upper Triassic coal measure strata in the Northwestern Sichuan Basin. 相似文献
89.
Xavier Emery 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2005,19(5):348-360
This work deals with the geostatistical simulation of a family of stationary random field models with bivariate isofactorial
distributions. Such models are defined as the sum of independent random fields with mosaic-type bivariate distributions and
infinitely divisible univariate distributions. For practical applications, dead leaf tessellations are used since they provide
a wide range of models and allow conditioning the realizations to a set of data via an iterative procedure (simulated annealing).
The model parameters can be determined by comparing the data variogram and madogram, and enable to control the spatial connectivity
of the extreme values in the realizations. An illustration to a forest dataset is presented, for which a negative binomial
model is used to characterize the distribution of coniferous trees over a wooded area. 相似文献
90.
A simulated experimental reduction of U^v1 and the synthesis of uraninite by a sulfate-reducing bacteria,Desulfovibrio desulfuricans DSM 642, are first reported. The simulated physicochemical experimental conditions were:35℃, pH=7.0-7.4, corresponding to the environments of formation of the sandstone-hosted interlayer oxidation-zone type uranium deposits in Xinjiang, NW China. Uraninite was formed on the surface of the host bacteria after a one-week‘s incubation. Therefore, sulfate-reducing bacteria, which existed extensively in Jurassic sandstone-producing environments,might have participated in the biomineralization of this uranium deposit. There is an important difference in the orderdisorder of the crystalline structure between the uraninite produced by Desulfovibrio desulfuricans and naturally occurring uraninite. Long time and slow precipitation and growth of uraninite in the geological environment might have resulted in larger uraninite crystals, with uraninite nanocrystals arranged in order, whereas the experimentally produced uraninite is composed of unordered uraninite nanocrystals which, in contrast, result from the short time span of formation and rapid precipitation and growth of uraninite. The discovery has important implications for understanding genetic significance in mineralogy, and also indicates that in-situ bioremediation of U-contaminated environments and use of biotechnology in the treatment of radioactive liquid waste is being contemplated. 相似文献