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1.
关于南海夏季风建立的大尺度特征及其机制的讨论 总被引：28，自引：3，他引：25
使用1998年南海季风试验期间高质量资料和NCEP/NCAR40年再分析资料分析了南海季风建立前后的大尺度环流特征和要素的突变及爆发过程。发现南亚高压迅速地从菲律宾以东移到中南半岛北部,印缅槽加强,赤道印度洋西风加强并向东向北迅速扩展和传播,以及相伴随的中低纬相互作用和西太平洋副高连续东撤是南海夏季风建立的大尺度特征,与此同时,亚洲低纬地区的南北温差和纬向风切变也发生相应的突变。数值实验结果指出,印度半岛地形的陆面加热作用在其东侧激发的气旋性环流对于印缅槽的加强有重要作用,并进而有利于南海夏季风先于印度夏季风爆发。 相似文献
2.
热带环流演变与南海季风爆发 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用1958－1997年的NCEP／NCAR再分析资料，分析了南、北半球中低纬环流的气候特征，并讨论了南海夏季风爆发与大尺度环流的关系。研究发现阿拉伯海经向环流管的上升气流和南半球纬向环流管的上升气流在5月份同时到达南海，经向环流管低层的偏西风和纬向环管低层的偏南风共同组成西南风，于是5月份西南季风在南海地区首先爆发。此外，由于青藏高原地形及各经度海陆分布的影响，造成太阳辐射加热不均，是热带夏季风爆发的直接原因，也是南海季风早于印度风爆发的重要原因。 相似文献
3.
采用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料、FY2E-TBB及台站降水资料,对2011年南海夏季风爆发前后的环流特征进行分析。结果表明:2011年强对流活动由孟加拉湾扩展到南海地区,同时伴随着南亚高压移至中南半岛北部,西太平洋副热带高压向东撤出南海地区,南海夏季风于5月第4候(第28候)爆发;季风爆发后,印度-孟加拉湾季风槽形成,南海地区低空开始盛行西南气流,并伴有对流降水的发展和温、湿等要素的突变。随着季风活动的推进,我国雨带北抬,长江中下游一带进入梅雨期,出现降水大值区。通过分析发现长江中下游梅雨与南海夏季风均受副热带高压影响,且两者的强度为显著的负相关关系,梅雨开始时间与南海夏季风爆发时间呈显著的正相关关系。2011年南海夏季风偏弱,爆发时间偏早,长江中下游梅雨强度偏强,入梅时间异常偏早。 相似文献
4.
青藏高原冬春积雪影响南海季风爆发的数值研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
采用NCAR CAM3.0大气环流模式,研究了冬春季青藏高原积雪异常对南海夏季风爆发的可能影响机制.通过比较多雪年与少雪年试验中的热力场、环流场季节演变的差异得出,多雪年青藏高原感热加热偏弱、高原纬度的中上层大气温度偏低,导致大尺度经向温度梯度反转时间偏晚;同时,青藏高原感热加热偏弱将不利于Hadley环流的季节转换,使得中南半岛上空的下沉异常气流维持时间较长、副高在孟加拉湾断裂的时间偏晚、中南半岛对流爆发偏晚、中南半岛地表温度下降时间偏晚,从而造成中南半岛与南海局地纬向温度梯度反转时间也偏晚.在上述大尺度经向温度梯度以及中南半岛与南海局地纬向温度梯度的共同作用下,多雪年南海季风爆发偏晚. 相似文献
5.
中国东部夏季三个雨带降水的年代际变化及其与中高纬环流和海温的关系 总被引：13，自引：4，他引：13
根据1998年南海夏季风试验期间GAME／HUBEX一天4次同化资料,着重分析了1998年南海夏季风爆发前后大尺度水汽输送的主要特征,结果表明大尺度水汽条件与季风活动密切相关。南海夏季风爆发前后,南海地区主要的水汽输送带发生了较大变化。季风爆发前,南海地区水汽主要来自西太平洋;季风爆发后,水汽主要来自热带东印度洋和盂加拉湾。降水过程与水汽辐合的极大值密切相关,而主要水汽辐合带位置的移动及强度的变化则和南海夏季风相联系。随着南海夏季风的建立、加强,南海地区的水汽辐合带相应地建立和加强,并伴有降水发生。季风爆发后南海地区大气的可降水量较季风爆发前显著增加。季风爆发前大气的水汽汇中心主要出现在中南半岛及我国华南沿海地区,南海夏季风爆发后,从孟加拉湾到南海水汽输送加强,南海大部、孟加拉湾北部和菲律宾以东的洋面上均转为水汽汇区,从而对南海、日本及其以南的降水产生重要影响。 相似文献
6.
南海夏季风爆发的一般特征是南亚高压移至中南半岛北部;西太平洋副热带高压连续向东撤出南海地区,移到120°E以东的热带洋面上;高（低）空东北（西南）气流占据南海大部分地区,相应的105°E附近的越赤道气流建立,南海季风槽形成并同时伴有对流降水的发展和温、湿等要素的突变。国家气候中心的监测表明,2007年南海夏季风于5月第5候爆发。该年季风爆发后,虽然源自热带地区的低空西南气流迅速占据南海上空,高空盛行东北气流,且南亚高压西移至中南半岛上空,但对流、高度场以及降水场的突变特征均很不明显,表现为季风爆发后南海上空的对流依然偏弱,副高没有马上撤离南海,同时华南地区的降水量也没有迅速增强。因此,2007年南海夏季风爆发前后大气环流的变化特征具有非典型性。 相似文献
7.
伴随南海夏季风爆发的大尺度大气环流演变 总被引：39，自引：11，他引：39
主要基于美国NCEP和NCAR的再分析资料（1980～1996年），针对南海夏季风爆发日期进行合成分析，研究了伴随南海夏季风爆发的大尺度大气环流演变。其结果清楚地表明伴随南海夏季风爆发，南亚和东南亚地区的对流层低层风场、对流层高层位势高度场以及大气湿度场和垂直运动场都有极显著的变化。南亚和东南亚850 hPa上涡旋对的发展和活动以及500 hPa副高从南海地区的东撤对南海季风爆发起着重要作用。伴随南海夏季风的爆发，在孟加拉湾到南中国海一带整层湿度和500 hPa垂直上升运动都出现了极明显的增加。对流层高层和对流层低层环流演变的特征也清楚表明，南海夏季风爆发既是全球环流冬夏演变的一个部分，又有显著的区域性特征。本文还指出南海夏季风在北部比中部和南部早建立的结论依据不足，进而补充给出了亚洲季风爆发日期示意图。 相似文献
8.
2002年南海季风建立及其雨带变化的天气学研究 总被引：12，自引：1，他引：12
利用南海海 气通量观测试验资料结合NCEP ,GPCP以及GMS - 5云图资料 ,综合分析了 2 0 0 2年 5～ 6月南海西南季风建立过程及其雨带变化 ,确定 5月 14日西沙及北部海区西南季风爆发 ,5月 15日整个南海季风爆发 ,季风爆发时间属于正常年 ;季风爆发时风向、风速、云量、降水、湿度、辐射及海面温度等要素都发生突变。这种突变是由大气环流的突变造成的。季风爆发前后大气环流变化过程是 :80～ 90°E越赤道气流加强 ,同时印缅低压加深 ,孟加拉湾南北向气压梯度增大 ,而后东亚大陆上气旋发展东移 ,副热带高压东撤 ,孟加拉湾低压槽前的赤道西风突然加强越过中南半岛 ,南海北部首先出现强西南风 ,继而南海季风迅速地全面爆发。孟加拉湾西南风加强到南海季风爆发是一个连续的过程 ,大陆冷空气南下起了重要的作用。南海季风爆发时呈现单雨带型 ,而后由单雨带型转变为双雨带型 ,雨带受副热带高压和季风系统共同影响 ,并且随着副热带高压移动位置变化。 相似文献
9.
夏季南海季风槽与印度季风槽的气候特征之比较 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
亚洲夏季风槽包括两大重要组成部分,即南海夏季风槽和印度夏季风槽.两个季风槽同属于热带夏季风系统,具有热带辐合带的性质.但由于所处地理位置、海陆分布、受到的影响系统不同等原因,两个季风槽有明显的异同点.利用气候平均资料分析,揭示南海夏季风槽和印度季风槽的结构特征和演变特征的异同点,有利于提高对亚洲夏季风系统的认识.作者首先讨论了结构特征方面的差异,从季风槽的对流特征、环流场配置特征、热力结构特征等方面探讨了两个季风槽的区别,分析结果表明南海夏季风槽和印度夏季风槽在结构特征方面区别不算很大,都具有热带季风辐合带的典型结构,低层辐合,高层辐散,有明显的季风经圈环流,热力结构特征均是低层偏冷,中高层偏暖.相对来说,印度夏季风槽比南海夏季风槽强且深厚.其次对南海夏季风槽和印度夏季风槽的演变的气候特征所进行的分析表明,季风槽建立时间与季风爆发时间是一致的.南海夏季风槽爆发早且突然,撤退缓慢,维持时间长;印度夏季风槽则是渐进式的爆发,撤退迅速,维持时间较短.两个季风槽的温湿演变特征也有所不同. 相似文献
10.
11.
孟加拉湾西南季风与南海热带季风季节内振荡特征的比较 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
采用美国国家环境预报中心的向外长波辐射和风场资料及日本气象厅的降水资料,用30-60d滤波后的夏季风指数在孟加拉湾和南海的区域平均值分别代表孟加拉湾西南季风和南海热带季风季节内振荡,对两支季风的季节内振荡特征进行比较分析,发现孟加拉湾西南季风的季节内振荡和南海热带季风的季节内振荡在夏季风期间(5-10月)都有约3次半的波动.夏季风期间,在阿拉伯海-西太平洋纬带上,夏季风的季节内振荡有4次从阿拉伯海的东传和3次从西太平洋的西传,其中7月后东传可直达西太平洋.孟加拉湾和南海在夏季风期间都有4次季节内振荡的经向传播,但孟加拉湾在约15°N以南为季节内振荡从热带东印度洋的北传,在约15°N以北则为副热带季风季节内振荡的南传;而在南海则是4次季节内振荡从热带的北传.在以孟加拉湾西南季风季节内振荡和南海热带季风季节内振荡分别划分的6个位相中,都存在1-3位相和4-6位相中低频对流、环流形势相反的特征,这是由热带东印度洋季节内振荡的东传和北传所致.热带印度洋季节内振荡沿西南-东北向经过约14d传到孟加拉湾,激发了孟加拉湾西南季风季节内振荡的东传,经过约6d到达南海,激发了南海热带季风季节内振荡的北传,经过约25d到达华南,形成热带印度洋季节内振荡向华南的经纬向接力传播(45d).孟加拉湾西南季风季节内振荡所影响的降水主要是在20°N以南的热带雨带随低频对流的东移而东移;而南海热带季风季节内振荡所影响的降水除了这种热带雨带随低频对流的东移外,还有在20°N以北的东亚副热带地区存在雨带随南海低频对流的北移而北移. 相似文献
12.
ABRUPT CHANGE IN ELEMENTS AROUND 1998 SCS SUMMER MONSOON ESTABLISHMENT WITH ANALYSIS OF ITS CHARACTERISTIC PROCESS 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The latest dataset from the SCS(South China Sea)Monsoon Experiment is used to investigatethe features of abrupt change in some meteorological elements before,during and after the summermonsoon's establishment in 1998 and explore its onset characteristic process.We have arrived at apreliminary conclusion that the 1998 Asian summer monsoon is established first in the SCS as earlyas May 23,which is representative of the earliest indicator of the conversion from a winter into asummer monsoon situation in Asia;the continued retreat eastward of the western Pacificsubtropical high from the SCS region has direct effect on the SCS summer monsoon establishmentbecause the withdrawal favors the release of unstable energy,responsible for the sudden onset ofthe monsoon.Our tentative investigation indicates that the eastward extension of the westerly andrainfall band from the equatorial Indian Ocean into the Indo-China Peninsula and the southwardspreading of an active South-China stationary front,acting as the interaction between mid and lowlatitude systems,are likely to be the characteristic events contributing to the subtropical high'seastward retreating and the summer monsoon's onset over the SCS. 相似文献
13.
The latest dataset from the SCS(South China Sea) Monsoon Experiment is used to investigate the features of abrupt change in some meteorological elements before,during and after the summer monsoon's establishment in 1998 and explore its onset characteristic process.We have arrived at a preliminary conclusion that the 1998 Asian summer monsoon is established first in the SCS as early as May 23,which is representative of the earliest indicator of the conversion from a winter into a summer monsoon situation in Asia;the continued retreat eastward of the western Pacific subtropical high from the SCS region has direct effect on the SCS summer monsoon establishment because the withdrawal favors the release of unstable energy,responsible for the sudden onset of the monsoon.Our tentative investigation indicates that the eastward extension of the westerly and rainfall band from the equatorial Indian Ocean into the Indo-China Peninsula and the southward spreading of an active South-China stationary front,acting as the interaction between mid and low latitude systems,are likely to be the characteristic events contributing to the subtropical high's eastward retreating and the summer monsoon's onset over the SCS. 相似文献
14.
Atmospheric Circulation Characteristics Associated with the Onset of Asian Summer Monsoon 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The onset of the Asian summer monsoon has been a focus in the monsoon study for many years. In this paper, we study the variability and predictability of the Asian summer monsoon onset and demonstrate that this onset is associated with specific atmospheric circulation characteristics. The outbreak of the Asian summer monsoon is found to occur first over the southwestern part of the South China Sea (SCS) and the Malay Peninsula region, and the monsoon onset is closely related to intra-seasonal oscillations in the lower atmosphere. These intra-seasonal oscillations consist of two low-frequency vortex pairs, one located to the east of the Philippines and the other over the tropical eastern Indian Ocean. Prior to the Asian summer monsoon onset, a strong low-frequency westerly emerges over the equatorial Indian Ocean and the low-frequency vortex pair develops symmetrically along the equator. The formation and evolution of these low-frequency vortices are important and serve as a good indicator for the Asian summer monsoon onset. The relationship between the northward jumps of the westerly jet over East Asia and the Asian summer monsoon onset over SCS is investigated. It is shown that the northward jump of the westerly jet occurs twice during the transition from winter to summer and these jumps are closely related to the summer monsoon development. The first northward jump (from 25–28N to around 30N) occurs on 8 May on average, about 7 days ahead of the summer monsoon onset over the SCS. It is found that the reverse of meridional temperature gradient in the upper-middle troposphere (500–200 hPa) and the enhancement and northward movement of the subtropical jet in the Southern Hemispheric subtropics are responsible for the first northward jump of the westerly jet. 相似文献
15.
Multi-scale contributions are involved in the South China Sea (SCS) summer monsoon (SCSSM) onset process. The relative roles of intraseasonal oscillation and above-seasonal component in the year-to-year variation of the SCSSM onset are evaluated in this study. The 30-90-day and above-90-day components are major contributors to the year-to-year variation of the SCSSM onset, and the former contributes greater portion, while the 8-30-day component has little contribution to the onset. In the early onset cases, the 30-90-day westerly winds move and extend eastward from the tropical Indian Ocean (TIO) to the SCS monsoon region relatively earlier, and replace the easterly winds over the SCS with the cooperation of the 30-90-day cyclone moving southward from northern East Asia. The westerly anomalies of the above-90-day component in spring jointly contribute to the early SCSSM onset. In the late onset cases, the late eastward expansion of 30-90-day westerly wind over the TIO, accompanied by the late occurrence and weakening of the 30-90-day anticyclone over the SCS, and its late withdraw from the SCS, as well as the persistent easterly anomalies of above-90-day component, suppress the SCSSM onset. However, the SCSSM outbreaks in the obvious weakening stage of 30-90-day easterly anomalies. The easterlies-to-westerlies transition of the 30-90-day 850- hPa zonal wind over the SCS in spring is closely associated with sea surface temperature in the tropical western Pacific in preceding winter and spring, while the interannual variation of the above-90-day zonal wind in April-May is closely related to the decaying stage of the El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation events. 相似文献
16.
Impact of the Thermal State of the Tropical Western Pacific on Onset Date and Process of the South China Sea Summer Monsoon 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
Since the early or late onset of the South China Sea summer monsoon （SCSM） has a large impact on summer monsoon rainfall in East Asia, the mechanism and process of early or late onset of the SCSM are an worthy issue to study. In this paper, the results analyzed by using the observed data show that the onset date and process of the SCSM are closely associated with the thermal state of the tropical western Pacific in spring. When the tropical western Pacific is in a warming state in spring, the western Pacific subtropical high shifts eastward, and twin cyclones are early caused over the Bay of Bengal and Sumatra before the SCSM onset. In this case, the cyclonic circulation located over the Bay of Bengal can be early intensified and become into a strong trough. Thus, the westerly flow and convective activity can be intensified over Sumatra, the Indo-China Peninsula and the South China Sea （SCS） in mid-May. This leads to early onset of the SCSM. In contrast, when the tropical western Pacific is in a cooling state, the western Pacific subtropical high anomalously shifts westward, the twin cyclones located over the equatorial eastern Indian Ocean and Sumatra are weakened, and the twin anomaly anticyclones appear over these regions from late April to mid-May. Thus, the westerly flow and convective activity cannot be early intensified over the Indo-China Peninsula and the SCS. Only when the western Pacific subtropical high moves eastward, the weak trough located over the Bay of Bengal can be intensified and become into a strong trough, the strong southwesterly wind and convective activity can be intensified over the Indo-China Peninsula and the SCS in late May. Thus, this leads to late onset of the SCSM. Moreover, in this paper, the influencing mechanism of the thermal state of the tropical western Pacific on the SCSM onset is discussed further from the Walker circulation anomalies in the different thermal states of the tropical western Pacific. 相似文献