时间域航空电磁数据的反演   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

黄皓平  王维中 《地球物理学报》1990,33(1):87-97

本文用广义逆矩阵理论讨论了时间域航空电磁数据的反演方法.以水平二层大地和球体模型为例进行了计算,结果表明这种方法对时间域电磁数据的反演是行之有效的.对于理论数据,一般仅需迭代数次即可稳定地收敛到真值.通过奇异值分析,可以确定一个模型中的相对重要参数和无关紧要参数;对于求解某一特定参数,可确定哪些数据起决定性的作用.由奇异值分解而得出的信息密度矩阵、模型分辨矩阵,分别给出了模型响应拟合数据和模型参数分辨率的度量.这些信息对于时间域航空电磁系统的设计、野外测量和资料解释都具有重要的参考价值.最后给出了实例.  相似文献   

Magsat studies over the Indian region     

B. P. Singh  Mita Rajaram 《Journal of Earth System Science》1990,99(4):619-637

Data collected by Magsat have been extensively used by Indian scientists in studies of the crust beneath India. Results obtained by various workers have been summarized and the reasons for differences in findings have been discussed. It is concluded that methods that work well for higher latitudes do not give the best estimates of crustal field and magnetization in equatorial regions. A better estimate of the crustal component is obtained when the external current contribution is estimated using the symmetry properties of associatedX and Z-fields. Inversion technique that provides stable crustal magnetization in midlatitudes, becomes unstable near the equator. Why such an instability arises and how it can be circumvented are discussed. That the Peninsular shield, the Ganga basin and the Himalayas are three different geotectonic blocks is clearly reflected in the magnetization distribution. A thick magnetic crust under Aravalli, Singhbum and Dharwar suggest these areas to be comparatively stable. In general, seismic, gravity and heat flow data agree characteristically well with the magnetization estimates.  相似文献   

Magnetics in geoexploration     

William J. Hinze  Ralph R. B. Von Frese 《Journal of Earth System Science》1990,99(4):515-547

The magnetic method is the oldest and one of the most widely used geophysical techniques for exploring the earth’s subsurface. It is a relatively easy and inexpensive tool to employ, being applicable to a wide variety of subsurface exploration problems involving horizontal magnetic property variations occurring from near the base of the crust to within the uppermost meter of soil. Successful applications of the magnetic method require an in-depth understanding of its basic principles and careful field work, data reduction, and interpretation. Commonly, interpretations are limited to qualitative approaches which simply map the spatial location of anomalous subsurface conditions, but under favourable circumstances the technological status of the method will permit more quantitative interpretations involving specification of the nature of the anomalous sources. No other geophysical method provides critical input to such a wide variety of problems. However, seldom does the magnetic method provide the complete answer to an investigation problem. As a result, it is generally used in concert with other geophysical and geological data to limit its interpretational ambiguities.  相似文献   

Source characteristics of the 1992 Nicaragua tsunami earthquake inferred from teleseismic body waves     

Masayuki Kikuchi  Hiroo Kanamori 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1995,144(3-4):441-453

We analyzed the broadband body waves of the 1992 Nicaragua earthquake to determine the nature of rupture. The rupture propagation was represented by the distribution of point sources with moment-rate functions at 9 grid points with uniform spacing of 20 km along the fault strike. The moment-rate functions were then parameterized, and the parameters were determined with the least squares method with some constraints. The centroid times of the individual moment-rate functions indicate slow and smooth rupture propagation at a velocity of 1.5 km/s toward NW and 1.0 km/s toward SE. Including a small initial break which precedes the main rupture by about 10 s, we obtained a total source duration of 110 s. The total seismic moment isM _o =3.4×10²⁰ Nm, which is consistent with the value determined from long-period surface waves,M _o =3.7×10²⁰ Nm. The average rise time of dislocation is determined to be 10 s. The major moment release occurred along a fault length of 160 km. With the assumption of a fault widthW=50 km, we obtained the dislocationD=1.3 m. From andD the dislocation velocity isD=D/0.1 m/s, significantly smaller than the typical value for ordinary earthquakes. The stress drop =1.1 MPa is also less than the typical value for subduction zone earthquakes by a factor of 2–3. On the other hand, the apparent stress defined by 2E _s /M _o , where andE _s are respectively the rigidity and the seismic wave energy, is 0.037 MPa, more than an order of magnitude smaller than . The Nicaragua tsunami earthquake is characterized by the following three properties: 1) slow rupture propagation; 2) smooth rupture; 3) slow dislocation motion.  相似文献   

多属性反演技术在储层预测研究中的应用——以珠江口盆地陆丰A区中新统珠江组储层为例          下载免费PDF全文

吴其林  方中于  许自强  史文英  陈利  侯志平  刘涛 《地质科学》2016,(2):415-424

珠江口盆地陆丰A区中新统珠江组中-下段2370层是该地区主力油层之一, 但储层厚度差异大、分布不清, 严重制约了区域勘探部署.本文综合地震、测井和地质资料, 分析得出纵波阻抗和V_P/V_S为研究区识别岩性的敏感参数, 并通过叠前同步反演技术刻画出研究区2370层砂岩分布特征, 整体呈北厚南薄的展布.以地震振幅、分频属性及叠前反演属性为基础, 利用多属性反演技术分析统计了各属性与孔隙度之间的关系, 优选出密度、V_P/V_S、地震导数、LR、V_P、25~30Hz地震分频6种属性为储层物性识别参数, 综合预测研究区2370层储层滨岸砂坝砂体孔隙度发育特征.多属性反演结果表明, 在研究区东北部、西部, 厚层的滩坝储集砂体的孔隙度发育, 普遍在18%以上; 而在中部和东部, 受滩间、坝间泥岩与滩坝砂的叠合区影响呈条带状分布, 孔隙度为10%~18%.预测结果与同期钻井的钻后结果基本一致, 预测成功率在75%以上.多属性反演技术在研究区的储层预测中表现出良好的有效性和实用性, 对类似地区的储层预测也具有借鉴意义.  相似文献   

北京2013年1月严重霾天气过程的气象成因分析     

张文龙  尤凤春  张小玲 《气象与环境科学》2016,39(2):46-54

利用常规观测资料、地面自动站资料及NCEP 1°×1°分析资料,结合边界层散度场的诊断分析,探讨了北京2013年1月严重霾天气过程的环流特征和气象成因。主要结论如下: 1)500 hPa为偏西气流,冷空气活动弱,无明显冷平流,对流层低层850 hPa及其以下风速小、冷空气活动偏弱,是霾天气的显著特征。2)边界层存在逆温和大气层结稳定是霾发生的另一重要条件,逆温层不仅可出现在边界层,有时也出现在对流层低层850 hPa 附近。3)边界层存在弱辐合中心是霾形成的重要条件,特别是在区域性污染的情况下,边界层辐合可使霾因区域性污染物的输送汇聚而加重。4)偏东风对霾形成和加重具有重要作用,主要表现为风速一般较小,在边界层形成暖平流结构,易形成逆温,增加边界层相对湿度和维持边界层辐合,配合北京西部山地特殊地形,使污染物积累,最终通过增大污染物浓度及增大边界层相对湿度,造成大气水平能见度严重降低。5）1月10—14日霾天气过程主要是在边界层有弱辐合而相对湿度较低的条件下形成的,而27—31日过程主要发生在边界层相对湿度较高的条件下。  相似文献   

台州低空逆温层特征分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

黄景  徐伟萍  金小城 《气象与环境科学》2016,39(2):113-118

利用浙江省洪家气象站L波段雷达逐日探空资料,统计分析了2007—2011年台州接地逆温和悬浮逆温的出现频率、逆温厚度、逆温强度特征,以及与风向风速的关系。结果表明:台州四季均存在低空逆温层,低空逆温出现频率年变化趋势呈单谷型特征,冬春季节逆温出现频率较高。秋冬季节低空逆温厚度增大,春季厚度变薄,夏季最薄;各时次的悬浮逆温厚度大于接地逆温厚度。07:00接地逆温月变化和季节变化强度都弱于19:00接地逆温的;07:00接地逆温,冬季强度最大(1.4℃/100m);19:00接地逆温在秋冬季节强度(2.2和2.0℃/100m)显著大于春夏季节强度(1.3和1.5℃/100m)。两个时次悬浮逆温强度月变化(0.8~1.2℃/100m)和季节变化(0.9~1.1℃/100m)较小,平均底高和顶高的最低值都在7月份,19:00悬浮逆温平均底高、平均顶高普遍大于07:00悬浮逆温观测值。出现接地逆温层时,低空风速一般≤2 m/s,层底风向集中在W到NW之间和静风,天空多为无云或少云;出现悬浮逆温层时,风速小于6 m/s的比例超过50%,层底风向集中在NW到ENE之间和SSW到SW之间,总云量不小于6的比例达70%以上。四季均有霾出现,霾日出现频率年变化趋势与逆温出现频率都是呈单谷型特征。霾污染权重系数季节变化与两个时次的逆温厚度和07:00逆温强度的变化趋势基本一致:冬春季节的大于夏秋季节的;冬春季节霾的污染程度较为严重,污染权重系数分别为49.0和38.1。  相似文献   

低高度角地基GPS联合反演大气折射率廓线   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

廖麒翔  石汉青  俞宏  汪彪 《气象科学》2016,36(1):128-133

为充分利用电磁波在大气中传播所携带的信息反演大气折射率廓线,提高低高度角地基GPS反演折射率廓线的精度,本文通过多目标优化反演算法NSGA-II,基本实现了GPS电磁波传播损耗和相位延迟观测量的最优联合反演。数值试验表明,联合反演效果明显优于传统的GA(Genetic Algorithm)单目标反演算法,加噪试验进一步证明了最优联合反演算法在反演折射率廓线方面的可行性及优越性。  相似文献   

Influence of syn-sedimentary faults on orogenic structures in a collisional belt: Insights from the inner zone of the Northern Apennines (Italy)     

《Journal of Structural Geology》2016

This paper discusses the possible influence of syn-sedimentary structures on the development of orogenic structures during positive tectonic inversion in the inner Northern Apennines (Italy). Examples from key areas located in southern Tuscany provided original cartographic, structural and kinematics data for Late Oligocene-Early Miocene thrusts, organized in duplex systems, verging in the opposite direction of the foreland propagation (back-thrusts), which affected the Late Triassic-Oligocene sedimentary succession of the Tuscan Domain, previously affected by pre-orogenic structures. These latter consist of mesoscopic-to cartographic-scale Jurassic syn-sedimentary normal faults and extensional structures, which gave rise to effective stratigraphic lateral variation and mechanical heterogeneities. Structural analysis of both syn-sedimentary faults and back-thrusts were therefore compared in order to discuss the possible role of the pre-existing anisotropies in influencing the evolution of the back-thrusts. As a result, it can be reasonably proposed that back-thrusts trajectories and stacking pattern were controlled by relevant syn-sedimentary normal faults; these latter were reactivated, in some cases, if properly oriented. Such an issue adds new inputs for discussing the potential role of structural inheritance during tectonic inversions, and helps to better understand the processes suitable for the development of back-thrusts in the inner zones of orogenic belts, as it is the case of the inner Northern Apennines.  相似文献   

Fault-zone structure and weakening processes in basin-scale reverse faults: The Moonlight Fault Zone,South Island,New Zealand     

《Journal of Structural Geology》2016

The >200 km long Moonlight Fault Zone (MFZ) in southern New Zealand was an Oligocene basin-bounding normal fault zone that reactivated in the Miocene as a high-angle reverse fault (present dip angle 65°–75°). Regional exhumation in the last c. 5 Ma has resulted in deep exposures of the MFZ that present an opportunity to study the structure and deformation processes that were active in a basin-scale reverse fault at basement depths. Syn-rift sediments are preserved only as thin fault-bound slivers. The hanging wall and footwall of the MFZ are mainly greenschist facies quartzofeldspathic schists that have a steeply-dipping (55°–75°) foliation subparallel to the main fault trace. In more fissile lithologies (e.g. greyschists), hanging-wall deformation occurred by the development of foliation-parallel breccia layers up to a few centimetres thick. Greyschists in the footwall deformed mainly by folding and formation of tabular, foliation-parallel breccias up to 1 m wide. Where the hanging-wall contains more competent lithologies (e.g. greenschist facies metabasite) it is laced with networks of pseudotachylyte that formed parallel to the host rock foliation in a damage zone extending up to 500 m from the main fault trace. The fault core contains an up to 20 m thick sequence of breccias, cataclasites and foliated cataclasites preserving evidence for the progressive development of interconnected networks of (partly authigenic) chlorite and muscovite. Deformation in the fault core occurred by cataclasis of quartz and albite, frictional sliding of chlorite and muscovite grains, and dissolution-precipitation. Combined with published friction and permeability data, our observations suggest that: 1) host rock lithology and anisotropy were the primary controls on the structure of the MFZ at basement depths and 2) high-angle reverse slip was facilitated by the low frictional strength of fault core materials. Restriction of pseudotachylyte networks to the hanging-wall of the MFZ further suggests that the wide, phyllosilicate-rich fault core acted as an efficient hydrological barrier, resulting in a relatively hydrous footwall and fault core but a relatively dry hanging-wall.  相似文献