Evaluation of shredded tyre chips as sorption media for passive treatment walls   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

C. C. Smith  W. F. Anderson  R. J. Freewood 《Engineering Geology》2001,60(1-4):253-261

The potential of shredded tyre chips, either on their own or mixed with gravel, to act as a permeable reactive barrier has been examined by carrying out tests for assessing sorption characteristics and establishing their mechanical properties. Sorption–desorption tests have been carried out using free product petrol and paraffin and aqueous phase phenol and cresols.

Compaction and compressibility tests have been carried out to establish optimum tyre–chip mixes in order to optimise the mix in terms of compressibility behaviour. The results demonstrate that tyre chips show significant promise for incorporation in a permeable reactive barrier. The evidence indicates that they would be particularly effective for the retardation of aqueous phase hydrophobic organic contaminants and residual free product. Optimum mixes of 2–6 mm tyre chips and 20 mm gravel, in terms of mechanical stability, will contain just under 10% of tyre chips.  相似文献   

Removal of Pesticides in Drinking Water Treatment Entfernung von Pestiziden bei der Trinkwasseraufbereitung     

G. Baldauf 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》1993,21(4):203-208

The most effective process for the pesticide removal from a raw water is the adsorption on activated carbon except for polar substances. Activated carbon can be used as powdered carbon or granular carbon. However in both processes it has to be taken into account that the efficiency of the activated carbon adsorption is affected by the origin and the concentration of the natural organic background in the raw water and the initial concentration of the pesticide itself.  相似文献   

硫酸腐蚀填土地基的勘察与地基处理   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

成谷雨  陈金良 《湖南地质》1991,10(2):164-170

本文为一硫酸腐蚀填土地基勘察、设计、施工实例总结。受硫酸腐蚀填土厚6—10m,松密不均,强度低,容许承载力值(6—13)×10kPa,不宜作天然地基土。填土下为不透水亚粘土层,pH为3.7的酸性废水被滞留在填土中,地下水位离地表最浅处仅1.5m。酸性地下水具结晶及分解性复合侵蚀性。对于这种地基土地基处理目前尚无章可循。该地基处理采用强夯加固填土、挖砂石盲沟降低地下水位、疏通排污管道,切断地下水补给来源等方案。地基处理后施工勘察,进行动力触探,静力触探、标准贯入试验及现场荷载试验,搜集各种数据,提供设计依据。经采用防腐措施、基础浅埋进行建筑施工,建筑物经4年仍无异常变化。  相似文献   

Nanofiltration in Combination with Limestone Filtration for Treating a Soft Spring Water Containing High Amounts of Humic Substances     

P. Lipp  G. Baldauf 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》1996,24(6):267-276

The paper presented here describes experiments with a nanofiltration pilot plant treating spring water which contains high amounts of humic substances. With this process, water components such as humic substances, iron, manganese, and aluminum may be very well removed. However, the low pH value of the NF filtrate does not conform with the German standards. This is why the pH value will be increased in a second treatment step by limestone filtration. Prior to limestone filtration, CO₂ dosage is required in order to make sure that the pH value stays below the upper limit of the German standards of 9.5. With this treatment, a drinking water results which meets the German standards and has good chemical properties with respect to corrosion. The operation of the nanofiltration pilot plant for the treatment of the very soft spring water did not require the continuous addition of chemicals in order to prevent scaling. Although the spring water entered the NF without chemical pretreatment, there was no decrease in filtrate capacity observed over a period of six months. This is in contrast to other investigations involving colour reduction from very hard surface waters. When treating very hard waters by nanofiltration, the addition of complexing agents or acid is required in order to prevent scaling of the membranes. Such intricate pretreatment procedures cause doubt of the application of nanofiltration for the treatment of hard waters in large plants. However, in the case presented here, the application of NF in combination with the hardening step is quite simple, so that the full-scale plant may be operated mainly automatically and will require only little maintenance.  相似文献   

Einfluß der Temperatur auf die Bildung von Magnetit als Zusatzstoff für die Magnetseparation     

P. Kampeis  M. Franzreb  M. Nesovic  S. H. Eberle 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》1997,25(4):173-178

Influence of the Temperature on the Formation of Magnetite as an Additive for Magnetic Separation To investigate the influence of the temperature on the formation of magnetite in aqueous solution, experiments were performed in which ferrous hydroxide was precipitated from oxygen-free ferrous sulfate solution (c₀(Fe) = 5 mmol·dm^?3) and subsequently oxidized with synthetic air. The precipitates so obtained are a mixture of solids whose compositions depend on the temperature and on the rate of aeration. Above all, magnetite, goethite, and δ-FeOOH had been formed. Magnetite occurs at temperatures above about 15 °C, goethite above 35 °C, and δ-FeOOH below about 10 °C. Referring to the thermogravimetric plots and to the relationship between the temperature of formation and the pH measured upon completion of the reaction, it is justified to assume that also sulfate is contained in the precipitates. The values of the magnetic moment of the precipitates, which are crucial in magnetic separation, made evident the dependence on the temperature of formation expected on the basis of solid analyses and confirmed the presence of δ-FeOOH at rather low temperatures. At the rates of aeration applied, it was possible to obtain from about 15 °C on solids having magnetic moments which are sufficient for magnetic separation.  相似文献   

陕西泾阳南塬黄土滑坡灾害与引水灌溉的关系   总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18  

雷祥义 《工程地质学报》1995,3(1):56-64

陕西泾阳南塬塬边黄土滑坡频繁发生，造成的经济损失和人员伤亡极为惨重。本文讨论了区内黄土滑坡灾害形成的地貌地形及地质环境特征，着重分析了人类不合理的引用地表水灌溉，改变了地下水文条件，从而降低了土体的抗剪强度，导致黄土滑坡形成的过程和机制。通过研究认为，合理进行灌溉，控制地下水位是改善塬边地质环境和防治滑坡灾害的关键措施。  相似文献   

Analysis on the bacterial diversity of active sludge in wastewater treatment plant     

JIANG Cuan MA Ming-Chao LI Dun LU An-Fu ZHONG Zuo-Shen 《地学前缘》2008,15(6):163

  相似文献   

污水处理系统中活性污泥细菌多样性研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

姜昕  马鸣超  李俊  鲁安怀  钟佐燊 《地学前缘》2008,15(6)

采用分子生物学手段16S rDNA克隆文库方法对北京高碑店污水处理厂回流污泥中的细菌进行了多样性研究。结果表明,活性污泥系统中细菌群落具有高度多样性,所有克隆子分属5个不同的细菌类群,优势细菌类群为变形菌(proteobacteria),占克隆文库的76.7%;细菌类群优势依次为β-变形菌类群(β-proteobac-teria,占39.8%)、不可培养菌类群(uncultured bacteria,占22.33%)、γ-变形菌类群(γ-proteobacteria,占20.15%)、α-变形菌类群(α-proteobacteria,占6.79%)和δ-变形菌类群(δ-proteobacteria,占4.85%);活性污泥中起硝化作用的主要是亚硝化单胞菌(Nitrosomonas sp.,占1.94%)和硝化螺旋菌(uncultured Nitrospirae bacterium,占11.65%),由于这2种硝化菌自身生长缓慢,难以与异养细菌竞争,以致其在文库中的比例较低;而作为反硝化细菌的陶厄氏菌属在文库中的比例却高达27.18%,可见该活性污泥具有较强的反硝化能力;克隆文库中还发现了少量的玫瑰单胞菌属(占4.85%),推测它的存在和有机磷的降解有关。  相似文献   

南京D大厦基坑边坡失稳原因浅析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘黎明 《江苏地质》1998,22(4):227-230

南京Ｄ大厦在基坑开挖中出现严重流砂、流土现象,并对相邻建筑物产生了不良影响。分析该基坑边坡失稳原因,提出在地基处理中要根据地基土的特性选择合理的处理方法,否则就达不到预期效果,甚至会带来严重的后果。  相似文献   

Optimisation of the Operation of an Electrochemical Process To Treat TBT‐contaminated Sediments on a Pilot Scale     

Eduardo Arevalo  Arne Keller  Heinz Stichnothe  Wolfgang Calmano 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2004,32(6):401-410

Since at least three decades tributyltin had been commonly used in paint formulations to protect ship hulls and submersed surfaces from fouling. This has resulted in negative and Technology, effects to the marine environment due to its high toxicity towards non‐target organisms and to its accumulation in sediments, especially near point sources of pollution. Even if a ban of TBT for its application in anti‐fouling paints is enforced the problem of TBT‐contaminated sediments will remain for the coming years due to the low degradation rates of organotin in sediments. In this work an electrochemical process at a pilot scale to destroy TBT in sediments was investigated. Previous experiences at a laboratory and technical scale have demonstrated the potential of this process to electrolytically degrade organotin species in sediments. This article deals with the optimisation of the pilot plant performance in terms of organotin degradation and operation costs monitoring additionally the effect of the electrochemical treatment on other pollutants such as heavy metals, PCBs, and PAHs. The aim was to investigate by means of a parametric study the range of operating conditions required to destroy TBT down to concentrations lower than 100 μg/kg; to determine the influence of those parameters on the performance of the process; and to evaluate the operation costs associated to the process. It was determined that it was possible to destroy TBT down to 100 μg/kg at current densities in the range of 4.4 to 6.6 mA/cm² and chloride concentrations of least of 0.2 mol/L with operation costs of 13 to 18 EUR/m³.  相似文献