Discriminating between unresolved point sources and 'negative' Sunyaev–Zel'dovich clusters in cosmic microwave background maps     

J. A. Rubiño-Martín  R. A. Sunyaev 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2003,344(4):1155-1174

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The X-ray luminosity–velocity dispersion relation in the REFLEX cluster survey     

A. Ortiz-Gil  L. Guzzo  P. Schuecker  H. Böhringer  C. A. Collins 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2004,348(1):325-332

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南极中山站重力潮汐观测的海潮负荷效应   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

徐建桥  孙和平  周江存 《测绘学报》2002,31(3):228-233

综合分析了LaCoste-Romberg(LCR)ET21高精度弹簧重力仪1998年12月26日至2000年1月9日在南极中山站的重力潮汐观测资料，采用目前普遍使用的Schwiderski、Csr3.0和Fes96.2全球海潮模型研究中山站重力潮汐观测的海潮负荷改正问题。结果表明在南极地区，目前的海潮模型存在较大的不确定性，还不足以精密确定该区域的海潮负荷改正。经海潮改正后，重力潮汐观测结果与潮汐理论值之间还存在比较大的差异，观测的周日（01）和半日（M2）潮波重力振幅因子与相应的理论值之间的平均偏差分别为3．8％和7．8％。南极地区附近海域海水的变化半导致该地区海潮负荷响应非常明显的季节性系统变化。  相似文献   

Anatomy of a closing window: Vulnerability to changing seasonality in Interior Alaska   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Shannon M. McNeeley  Martha D. Shulski 《Global Environmental Change》2011,21(2):464-473

Alaska is among the fastest warming places on Earth, and the Interior region is warming the most statewide. Significant regional-scale ecosystem services disruptions are affecting Alaska Natives’ subsistence hunting and harvest success. The well-being of rural native communities is still highly dependent on access and ability to harvest wild foods such as salmon and moose (Alces alces gigas) among many others. Over the last decade communities in the Koyukuk-Middle Yukon (KMY) region of Interior Alaska report an inability to satisfy their needs for harvesting moose before the hunting season closes, citing warmer falls, changing precipitation and water levels, and the regulatory framework as primary causes. Through the integration of ethnographic methods to record indigenous observations and understanding of climate (IC) with analysis of meteorological data, we provide a comprehensive picture of vulnerability to recent warming trends in the Koyukuk-Middle Yukon region of Interior Alaska, one that captures more than statistical analysis of “norms” can provide. We will demonstrate how low exposure resulting in a small shift in seasonality has truly socially significant effects to people “on the ground” when community sensitivity is high because of the convergence of multiple social-ecological stressors. In this case, a seemingly small climatic exposure when combined with high social-ecological system sensitivity results in vulnerability to this climate change-related seasonality shift because of: (a) the effects on moose and the social-ecological dynamics of the system, and (b) the importance of this time of the year to meeting annual subsistence needs.  相似文献   

地面气象观测数据文件存在问题浅析   总被引：6，自引：5，他引：1  

韦华红  程爱珍 《气象研究与应用》2011,32(3):73-75,85

天气学原理的角度对2009至2010年全区上报的地面气象数据文件在人工观测和人工器测之记录方面存在的问题分析了云的生消演变过程和产生降水的物理机制、天气现象“飑”的成因和特征;进一步阐述了云与降水的关系：同时对影响蒸发量的气象要素作了相关分析,提出了疑误记录的处理方法。对提高云状和天气现象记录水平,正确处理异常观测记录...  相似文献   

基于VRS的差分GPS算法研究     

张晓明 《现代测绘》2011,34(1):3-5

随着差分GPS技术的发展,其应用于工程测量也越来越及,但随着基线长度的增加,常规差分GPS定位精度亦随之降低。为此,本文研究了基于虚拟参考站(Virtual Reference Station,VRS)的差分GPS定位算法,它能有效克服常规差分GPS存在的缺陷,使移动测量用户可在较大空间范围内获得均匀、高精度和可靠的定位结果。  相似文献   

Preliminary Sunyaev–Zel'dovich observations of galaxy clusters with OCRA-p     

Katy Lancaster  Mark Birkinshaw  Marcin P. Gawro&#;ski  Ian Browne  Roman Feiler  rzej Kus  Stuart Lowe  Eugeniusz Pazderski  Peter Wilkinson 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2007,378(2):673-680

We present 30-GHz Sunyaev–Zel'dovich (SZ) observations of a sample of four galaxy clusters with a prototype of the One Centimetre Receiver Array (OCRA-p) which is mounted on the Torun 32-m telescope. The clusters (Cl 0016+16, MS 0451.6–0305, MS 1054.4–0321 and Abell 2218) are popular SZ targets and serve as commissioning observations. All four are detected with clear significance  (4 –6σ)  and values for the central temperature decrement are in good agreement with measurements reported in the literature. We believe that systematic effects are successfully suppressed by our observing strategy. The relatively short integration times required to obtain these results demonstrate the power of OCRA-p and its successors for future SZ studies.  相似文献   

Abell 851: Are we looking at the beginning of a merging process?     

E. De Filippis  S. Schindler 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2003,285(1):167-171

We present an XMM observation of the moderately distant (z=0.41)galaxy cluster CL 0939+4713 (Abell 851), an exceptionally rich cluster. The formation and evolution of clusters depends sensitively on cosmological parameters like the mean matter density in the universe Ο_m. Therefore it is important to determine the dynamical state of clusters at different redshifts, i.e. at different evolutionary states. The X-ray morphology alone is not the best indicator of the dynamical state, but it should be complemented with all other information available, e.g. the temperature map or the galaxy distribution. The combination of all findings gives a detailed picture of the state of a cluster. This analysis, of this relatively distant cluster, can be used as a basis for comparisons at lower and higher redshifts. The capability of XMM to perform spatially resolved spectroscopy can be used also to determine the distribution of the metal abundances. Not only the overall value of metallicity but also its spatial distribution gives important indications on the metal enrichment processes. The X-ray image shows pronounced substructure. There are two main subclusters which have also some internal structure. This is an indication that the cluster is a dynamically young system. This conclusion is supported by the temperature distribution: a hot region is found between the two main subclusters indicating that the cluster is in the process of a major merger, in which the two subclusters will probably collide in a few hundreds of Myr. The intra-cluster gas of CL 0939+4713 shows variations of the metal abundances. The optically richer subcluster has a somewhat higher metallicity. This finding together with the absence of post-starburst galaxies in this region gives interesting hints on the metal enrichment processes favouring recent enrichment processes like ram-pressure stripping or tidal stripping. Throughout this paper we use H ₀ =50 km s^-1Mpc^-1 and q ₀ =0.5; all errors are 90% confidence levels. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Vesta’s UV lightcurve: hemispheric variationin brightness and spectral reversal     

Amanda R. Hendrix  Faith Vilas 《Icarus》2003,162(1):1-9

Spectra of asteroid 4 Vesta obtained in October 1990 with the International Ultraviolet Explorer are reanalyzed and reinterpreted. A large portion of the eastern hemisphere (based on the prime meridian definition of Thomas et al., 1997a) is darker at UV wavelengths than much of the western hemisphere. The UV lightcurve is in contrast with the visible lightcurve, which shows that the eastern hemisphere is brighter than the western. These IUE spectra of Vesta thus may be evidence for the “spectral reversal,” first seen on the Moon by Apollo 17, where the visibly brighter lunar highlands are darker than the maria at far-UV wavelengths. This effect was linked to space weathering when it was noted (Wagner et al., 1987) that the spectral reversal appears in the laboratory spectra of lunar soils but not powdered lunar rocks.We investigate Vesta’s UV lightcurve and spectral reversal, and its possible connection with space weathering. The addition to grain coatings of small amounts of submicroscopic iron (SMFe) through vapor deposition causes drastic spectral changes at UV-visible wavelengths (Hapke, 2001), while the longer wavelength spectrum remains largely unaffected. Other laboratory results (e.g., Hiroi and Pieters, 1998) indicate that the UV-visible wavelength range is affected by simulated weathering processes in a manner similar to what is seen on Vesta. It is likely that Vesta has experienced relatively minor amounts of space weathering, as indicated by the spectral reversal, along with the subtle visible-near infrared weathering effects (e.g., Binzel et al., 1997).  相似文献   

The Role of T_(50) in the Classification of Gamma-ray Bursts     

Xiao-Hong Zhao  Yi-Ping Qin  Yun-Ming Dong  Zhao-Yang Peng Yunnan Observatory  Chinese Academy of Sciences  Kunming   《中国天文和天体物理学报》2004,4(4):349-356

The role of T50 in classifying gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) is investigated. We take T50=0.7s as the line of division and find that some bursts belonging to the class of long bursts defined by T90≥2s now become short bursts (sample 1), while some belonging to the class of short bursts defined by T90 < 2 s now become long bursts (sample 2). We study how these sources are affected by the two methods of classification and find the change of classes of sample 1 is due to some peculiar properties of the light curves. Based on their characters, most of the bursts of sample 1 should be taken as short bursts.  相似文献