Response of a hypersaline salt marsh to a large flood and rainfall event along the west coast of southern Africa     

T.G. Bornman  J.B. Adams 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2010

The Orange Estuary lost 27% (276 ha) of its wetland area near the mouth as a result of bad management practices during the 1980s. The salt marsh has been unable to recover over the last 20 years because of the persistently high soil and groundwater salinity. In 2006, a 1 in 5 year flood occurred that completely covered the desertified salt marsh and floodplain with freshwater. The flood was followed by an above average (>45 mm) winter rainfall. Soil and groundwater sampled in April and August 2004 were compared with 2006 data to quantify the impact of the flood and rainfall event. It was hypothesised that the two freshwater events would significantly reduce the soil and groundwater salinity. However, the results showed no significant difference in sediment electrical conductivity throughout the soil profile over the four sampling periods. Soil moisture and organic content however increased significantly after these events in the surface soil layer. The flood deposited silt and scoured sand from the surface layers in significant quantities. The depth to groundwater in the desertified marsh retained a similar pattern after the flood despite 15 cm changes in depth in places. In 2004 a clear groundwater electrical conductivity gradient was present extending from the less saline north part of the marsh (0–15 mS cm⁻¹) to the central part (120–135 mS cm⁻¹) and decreasing again towards the south (60–75 mS cm⁻¹). The flood served to even out the groundwater salinity across the desertified marsh (60–90 mS cm⁻¹). The flood and high rainfall had a limited impact on the soil and groundwater characteristics. The few significant changes that were recorded were mostly restricted to the surface soil layers and on a small spatial scale. The rainfall did however create numerous pools of low salinity (<60 mS cm⁻¹) water on the marsh surface that provided a brief opportunity for salt marsh seeds to germinate. A further benefit of the flood was the increased tidal reach into the desertified marsh importing freshwater from the river mouth and exporting salt. Despite these responses it is unlikely that the hypersaline salt marsh will revegetate naturally. Human intervention is needed to ensure the rehabilitation of this important Ramsar site.  相似文献   

Tracking hydrological responses of a thermokarst lake in the Old Crow Flats (Yukon Territory,Canada) to recent climate variability using aerial photographs and paleolimnological methods     

Lauren A. MacDonald  Kevin W. Turner  Ann M. Balasubramaniam  Brent B. Wolfe  Roland I. Hall  Jon N. Sweetman 《水文研究》2012,26(1):117-129

Recent studies using remote sensing analysis of lake‐rich thermokarst landscapes have documented evidence of declining lake surface area in response to recent warming. However, images alone cannot identify whether these declines are due to increasing frequency of lake drainage events associated with accelerated thermokarst activity or to increasing evaporation in response to longer ice‐free season duration. Here, we explore the potential of combining aerial photograph time series with paleolimnological analyses to track changes in hydrological conditions of a thermokarst lake in the Old Crow Flats (OCF), Canada, and to identify their causes. Images show that the water level in lake OCF 48 declined markedly sometime between 1972 and 2001. In a sediment core from OCF 48, complacent stratigraphic profiles of several physical, geochemical, and biological parameters from ～1874–1967 indicate hydro‐limnological conditions were relatively stable. From ～1967–1989, declines in organic matter content, organic carbon isotope values, and pigment concentrations are interpreted to reflect an increase in supply of minerogenic sediment, and subsequent decline in aquatic productivity, caused by increased thermo‐erosion of shoreline soils. Lake expansion was likely caused by increased summer rainfall, as recorded by increased cellulose‐inferred lake‐water oxygen isotope compositions. Stratigraphic trends defining the lake expansion phase terminated at ～1989, which likely marks the year when the lake drained. Above‐average precipitation during the previous year probably raised the lake level and promoted further thermo‐erosion of the shoreline soils that caused the lake to drain. These are meteorological conditions that have led to other recent lake‐drainage events in the OCF. Thus, the decline in lake level, evident in the aerial photograph from 2001, is unlikely to have been caused by evaporation, but rather is a remnant of a drainage event that took place more than a decade earlier. After drainage, the lake began to refill, and most paleolimnological parameters approach levels that are similar to those during the stable phase. These findings indicate that combined use of aerial images and paleolimnological methods offers much promise for identifying the hydrological consequences of recent climatic variations on thermokarst lakes. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Precise 14C ages of the Vedde and Saksunarvatn ashes and the Younger Dryas boundaries from western Norway and their comparison with the Greenland Ice Core (GICC05) chronology     

ØYSTEIN S. LOHNE  JAN MANGERUD  HILARY H. BIRKS 《第四纪科学杂志》2013,28(5):490-500

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A new tool to trace past human presence from lake sediments: the human‐specific molecular marker Bacteroides strain HF 183          下载免费PDF全文

JACEK MADEJA 《第四纪科学杂志》2015,30(4):349-354

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瞄准市场搞好平顶山盐田开发建设     

李建国 《河南国土资源》1999,(2)

该文详细介绍了河南省平顶山盐田勘探开发的进展情况，结合河南省及当地实际，按照国家产业政策，分析了平顶山地区发展制盐、盐化工业的前景、优势和重点目标，并根据社会主义市场经济的特点，提出了较为可行的政策与措施。  相似文献   

Orbital imprint on Holocene palaeohydrological variations in west‐central Europe as reflected by lake‐level changes at Cerin (Jura Mountains,eastern France)     

Michel Magny  Gilles Bossuet  Pascale Ruffaldi  Aurélie Leroux  Jacques Mouthon 《第四纪科学杂志》2011,26(2):171-177

This paper presents a lake‐level record for the Holocene at Lake Cerin (Jura Mountains, eastern France). It is based on a range of sedimentological techniques validated in previous studies, with a combination of systematic lithostratigraphic investigations of the infillings accumulated in the lacustrine basin, and sediment analyses of two selected cores. The chronology is based on 10 radiocarbon dates and pollen stratigraphy. On a millennial scale, the Cerin lake‐level record shows three distinct successive phases characterised by higher lake‐level conditions until ca. 9000 cal. a BP, followed by a maximal lowering at ca. 9000–8500 cal. a BP, and a progressive rise until the present. This rise was punctuated by centennial‐scale fluctuations, with major events around 4000, 2800 and after 1500 cal. a BP. Considered on a multimillennial scale, the general pattern of palaeohydrological changes reconstructed at Cerin reflects the impact of orbitally driven summer insolation. This is in agreement with other regional and extra‐regional palaeoclimatic records, although every record shows peculiarities in timing and shape depending on the proxy used for reconstruction. In this general context, centennial to multicentennial oscillations appear to have been second‐order events in comparison with the major influence of the orbital factor. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Validation of a chrysophyte stomatocyst‐based cold‐season climate reconstruction from high‐Alpine Lake Silvaplana,Switzerland     

Rixt De Jong  Christian Kamenik 《第四纪科学杂志》2011,26(3):268-275

For the reliable assessment of past climate variability, quantitative reconstructions of seasonal temperatures are required. Currently, reconstructions of cold‐season temperatures are scarce, because most biological proxies are biased towards the growing season. Here we test the potential of chrysophyte stomatocysts (or simply ‘cysts’; siliceous resting stages of the golden‐brown algae) as a proxy for cold‐season temperature. Climate reconstructions based on biological proxies are commonly constructed using transfer functions derived from calibration in space. However, the performance of these reconstructions is rarely tested by direct comparison with meteorological data due to limitations of sample resolution or chronological control. We compare a cyst‐based near‐annual reconstruction of ‘date of spring mixing’ from the varved sediments of Lake Silvaplana (Swiss Alps) spanning AD 1870–2004 with climate variables from the same period measured at the lake shore. The high correlation between cyst‐based ‘date of spring mixing’ and cold‐season temperature demonstrates the ability of chrysophyte cysts to archive cold‐season temperature variability. Lake eutrophication, which was extensive during the last 50 years, had no obvious effect on the cyst‐based reconstruction. This study underlines the high potential of chrysophyte cysts as a quantitative proxy for cold‐season climate reconstructions. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

应用时间序列分析法对太湖叶绿素-a含量的动态研究   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

龚绍琦  黄家柱  李云梅  黎刚 《海洋与湖沼》2008,39(6):591-598

叶绿素-α是湖泊浮游植物现存量的重要指标，其含量能反映水中浮游植物的丰度和变化规律。研究叶绿素含量的动态变化，可以有效防止、监控湖泊富营养化的发生。以太湖为研究对象，根据其营养水平进行分区，使得不同区域内叶绿素的浓度不同，而同一区域内浓度大体一致，然后利用地理信息系统技术对每个区域内未采样点的叶绿素浓度进行插值，取区域内所有栅格的平均值作为其最终浓度。应用时间序列分析方法对太湖1998-2004年每月的叶绿素含量进行动态模拟，建立各湖区的预测模型。结果表明，中营养区I符合MA（1）模型，轻富营养区Ⅱ和中富营养区Ⅲ符合AR（1）模型，富营养区Ⅳ符合MA（5）模型，重富营养区V符合AR（6）模型。由此预测出2005年各湖区总叶绿素的含量，经前10个月实测数据的验证说明，所建模型在一定程度上能反映太湖各区域叶绿素浓度的变化。  相似文献   

Characterization of humic substances in salt marsh soils under sea rush (Juncus maritimus)   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

C. Santín  M. Gonzlez-Prez  X.L. Otero  P. Vidal-Torrado  F. Macías  M.. lvarez 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2008,79(3):541-548

Humic substances (HS) from salt marsh soils were characterized and the relationships among HS composition and some geochemical factors were analysed. For this, three salt marshes with the same vegetation cover (Juncus maritimus), but with different geochemical characteristics, were selected. The qualitative characterization of the soil humic acids and fulvic acids was carried out by elemental analysis, FTIR spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy and VACP/MAS ¹³C NMR spectroscopy.HS from salt marsh soils under sea rush (Juncus maritimus) displayed some shared characteristics such as low degree of humification, low aromatic content and high proportion of labile compounds, mainly polysaccharides and proteins. However, although the three salt marsh soils under study were covered by the same type of vegetation, the HS showed some important differences. HS composition was found to be determined not only by the nature of the original organic material, but also by environmental factors such as soil texture, redox conditions and tidal influence. In general, an increase in the humification process appeared to be related to aerobic conditions and predominance of sand in the mineral fraction of the soil, while the preservation of labile organic compounds may be associated with low redox potential values and fine soil texture.  相似文献   

辽西金羊盆地南部陆相红层土城子组旋回层序划分及盆地演化     

刘文海  潘明臣  敖光  付民秋  刘基超 《国土资源》1999,(2)

辽西金羊盆地南部陆相红层土城子组较为发育，其沉积物具明显旋回性。根据岩石组合、结构、构造、沉积相及环境变化等分析，土城子组自下而上可划分为一个Ⅱ级旋回层序、两个Ⅲ级旋回层序、五个Ⅳ级旋回层序、十六个Ⅴ级旋回层序及若干个Ⅵ级旋回层序。在区域构造作用下，金羊盆地在土城子期经历了两次湖扩张→湖萎缩过程，分别对应下部的冲积扇→干化湖和上部的冲积扇→风成沙漠→河流环境。  相似文献