重庆多历时极值降水的概率型优选及应用     

王颖  刘晓冉  程炳岩  孙佳 《气象科学》2020,40(4):560-568

基于重庆34个国家气象站1981—2016年5 min,24 h至3 d的过程最大雨量共18个年极值降水序列,利用线性矩法计算6种常用概率分布函数的模型参数,通过备选最优模型筛选法客观选取各站各历时极值降水的最优概率模型,并将优选结果应用于重庆不同历时百年重现期降水的计算。结果表明:模型优选方法得到的重庆各站不同历时极值降水的最优线型略有差异,广义极值分布占比最大,三参数Weibull分布次之,三参数对数正态分布第三,皮尔逊Ⅲ型和Gumbel分布相当,指数分布最差。最优线型计算的重庆不同历时百年重现期降水的空间分布大值区由短历时的点状分布向长历时的片状分布转变,渝东北的大值中心受地形影响不断向北移动。基于线性矩法的概率模型参数估计及客观的线型优选过程具有较强的可操作性和适应性,可应用于其他工程气象参数的推算中。  相似文献   

樟树市气象干旱特征及重现期分析          下载免费PDF全文

刘喆玥  韩会明  赖亮  杨立苑  徐全倩 《气象与减灾研究》2020,43(2):117-122

利用樟树市1960—2018年逐月降水和气温资料,计算标准化降水蒸散指数（SPEI）,并结合游程理论和Copula函数分析了该地区干旱特征。结果表明：樟树市干旱形势总体上趋于缓和,干旱历时和干旱烈度均呈减弱趋势,且呈现出良好的相关性;Frank-Copula函数可作为描述该地区干旱历时和干旱烈度的二维联合分布最优函数;在相同干旱历时和烈度下,“且”的重现期大于“或”的重现期,樟树市历史干旱事件的干旱历时多小于5个月,“且”的重现期小于10 a。  相似文献   

劳动争议案件时效制度的法律思考     

赵万忠 《广东海洋大学学报》2005,25(2):24-26

针对我国劳动争议案件处理的时效制度和仲裁前置程序的规定直接影响劳动争议的解决,提出取消仲裁前置程序,由当事人自愿选择仲裁或诉讼;或者,可以保留劳动争议仲裁的前置程序,但应将仲裁时效与诉讼时效严格区分。  相似文献   

A bivariate gamma distribution for use in multivariate flood frequency analysis     

Sheng Yue 《水文研究》2001,15(6):1033-1045

A gamma distribution is one of the most frequently selected distribution types for hydrological frequency analysis. The bivariate gamma distribution with gamma marginals may be useful for analysing multivariate hydrological events. This study investigates the applicability of a bivariate gamma model with five parameters for describing the joint probability behavior of multivariate flood events. The parameters are proposed to be estimated from the marginal distributions by the method of moments. The joint distribution, the conditional distribution, and the associated return periods are derived from marginals. The usefulness of the model is demonstrated by representing the joint probabilistic behaviour between correlated flood peak and flood volume and between correlated flood volume and flood duration in the Madawask River basin in the province of Quebec, Canada. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Jordan日照记录阈值分析     

Li Jiarui Qian Daojun Zhu Huaming 《成都信息工程学院学报》1989,(1)

本文是通过10个月的日射、日照资料对比观测、统计的乔唐、康氏和光电式日照计记录阈值的平均值和标准偏差,分析了乔唐日照计进光孔径、涂药方式对感光迹线的影响,测定了感光药的吸收光谱,并根据日出日没时直接日射辐照度的平均变化率,估算了由阈值的不确定度引起的日照时数的误差,从而为我国几十年的乔唐日照资料的评价提供依据。  相似文献   

Complex Site Effects in Thessaloniki (Greece): I. Soil Structure and Comparison of Observations with 1D Analysis   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Dimitrios?RaptakisEmail author  Konstantia?Makra  Anastasios?Anastasiadis  Kyriazis?Pitilakis 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2004,2(3):271-290

This paper presents a 2D model of the geological structure of Thessaloniki city and results of empirical and theoretical approaches for the evaluation of site response due to complex site effects. The construction of the 2D model is based on the available geophysical and geotechnical data in terms of the most important parameters needed to model site response. The well-known subsoil structure, despite the existence of some local uncertainties, gave the possibility to correlate the geometry and the dynamic properties of the 2D model with the results of site response determined from the analysis of one event in frequency and time domains and 1D numerical modelling. The study of site response shows the effect of the lateral variations on ground motion and suggests that the contribution of locally generated surface waves to the resonant peak may be important. In this case history, the limitations of the 1D approximation to simulate ground motion under complex soil conditions in both frequency and time domains are also shown. This paper lays the ground for a companion article dealing with 2D site effects.  相似文献   

北京721特大暴雨极端性分析及思考（二）极端性降水成因初探及思考   总被引：22，自引：10，他引：12  

孙军  谌芸  杨舒楠  代刊  陈涛  姚蓉  徐珺 《气象》2012,38(10):1267-1277

本文是“北京7.21特大暴雨极端性分析及思考”的第二部分,第一部分“观测分析及思考”对此次过程的降水特点、水汽特点、中尺度对流系统（MCS）的环境场条件和发生发展过程进行了分析,指出这是一次极端降水过程。本文进一步从影响降水的因子：降水效率、水汽、上升运动、持续时间等方面进一步探讨极端性降水的成因,所用资料为业务中常用的模式分析和各种观测资料。分析表明,本次过程为典型华北暴雨环流形势,其中高层气流辐散区与低层低涡切变线的耦合是直接诱因;较高的环境相对湿度和湿层较厚,较低的抬升凝结高度和自由对流高度以及热带降水性质提高了本次过程的降水效率;异常大的水汽含量（可降水量达60－80mm）及与其相关的物理量异常,可作为判断极端降水的重要因子;环境大气具有中下层条件性不稳定,上层湿中性层结特性,CAPE值中等,同时上层干侵入增加了对流不稳定,有利于上升运动发展;低涡切变线及华北地形共同触发了MCS的在暖区生成发展;低涡北跳、MCS后向传播特性使暖区MCS东移速度慢,形成“列车效应”,造成降雨持续时间长。本文最后探讨了极端降水的预报思路。  相似文献   

1967-2006年中国东南沿海盛夏降水强度变化特征分析   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

黄伟  宇如聪  李建 《气候变化研究进展》2012,8(3):164-170

利用中国地面台站逐日和逐时降水资料,对中国东南沿海地区近40年(1967-2006年)盛夏(7-8月)降水强度变化特征进行了分析.逐日降水资料的分析结果表明我国东南沿海盛夏的降水量呈显著增加趋势,且主要是由日降水强度增强所致,日降水频次的贡献不显著.结合逐时降水资料的分析结果发现,东南沿海地区虽然降水日的平均降水时数显著增加,平均逐时降水强度也显著增强.通过按降水持续时数确定的降水事件分类分析发现,短持续降水(≤4h)平均小时强度显著增强,具体表现为弱小时强度降水减少和强降水增多.长持续性降水(≥15h)平均小时强度减弱,但降水频次增加.由于长持续性降水的平均小时降水强度远大于短时降水平均小时强度,对整体小时强度增强是正贡献.总之,我国东南沿海盛夏平均降水强度增强主要来自长持续性降水频次的增多、短时强降水频次的增多和短时弱降水频次的减少.  相似文献   

Comparison of the return period for landslide-triggering rainfall events in Japan based on standardization of the rainfall period     

Haruka Tsunetaka 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2021,46(14):2984-2998

The intensity of rainfall events with potential to cause landslides has varying temporal characteristics. In this study, the time at which the 72-h accumulated rainfall reached its maximum was used to standardize the period of rainfall measurement. The proposed standardization of the rainfall period was used in conjunction with the return level of rainfall intensity, obtained from intensity–duration–frequency curves, to investigate rainfall intensity anomalies associated with 10 hazardous rainfall events that triggered numerous landslides at the regional scale in Japan. These landslides included shallow landslides in volcanic and non-volcanic areas, as well as deep-seated landslides. The rainfall events that triggered the shallow landslides were divided into two types: downpours that repeatedly reached close to the 100-year return level within approximately 3–4 h, and accumulated rainfall that reached close to 200–400 mm over longer time intervals but within 72 h. Lithological differences seemed unrelated to the differences between the two types of shallow-landslide-triggering rainfall; however, precipitation >1000 mm was necessary to trigger deep-seated landslides. Although the characteristics of the hyetographs differed markedly among the landslide-triggering rainfall events, all the landslides could have been triggered when the mean rainfall intensity reached the 100-year rainfall level during the standardized period. Thus, the landslide trigger can be evaluated indirectly based on the increase in the return level of the mean rainfall intensity, which could provide a means for estimating the time of landslide occurrence.  相似文献   

甘肃时段暴雨主要统计参数的水平分布规律研究   总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4  

牛最荣  高前兆  扈祥来  马正耀  张正强 《干旱区地理》2004,27(3):310-314

甘肃是一个干旱同时又是暴雨多发的省份。通过介绍与暴雨关系密切的甘肃自然地理概况,选用甘肃境内及其周边700个雨量站的观测资料,在统计计算10min、60min、6h、24h、3d这5个时段在每个时段的多年平均时段最大暴雨量和变差系数的基础上,研究了5个时段的两个主要统计参数在甘肃省境内的水平分布规律。对甘肃及其周边干旱地区的公路铁路建设、暴雨洪水集蓄利用、水土保持和防洪减灾等具有重要意义。  相似文献