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21.
Study of geothermal water intrusion due to groundwater exploitation in the Puebla Valley aquifer system, Mexico 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
E. Leticia Flores-Márquez Gabriel Jiménez-Suárez Raymundo G. Martínez-Serrano René E. Chávez Daniel Silva Pérez 《Hydrogeology Journal》2006,14(7):1216-1230
Significant intrusion of geothermal water into fresh groundwater takes place in the Puebla Valley aquifer system, Mexico. The decline in the potentiometric surface due to the overexploitation of the groundwater induces this intrusion. This hydrological system comprises three aquifers located in Plio-Quaternary volcanic sediments and Mesozoic calcareous rocks. The hydraulic balance of the aquifer shows that the annual output exceeds the natural inputs by 12 million m3. Between 1973 and 2002, a drop in the potentiometric surface, with an 80 m cone of depression, was identified in a 5-km-wide area located southwest of the city of Puebla. Chemical analyses performed on water samples since 1990 have shown an increase in total dissolved solids (TDS) of more than 500 mg/L, coinciding with the region showing a cone of depression in the potentiometric surface. A three-dimensional flow and transport model, based on the hydrogeological and geophysical studies, was computed by using the MODFLOW and MT3D software. This model reproduces the evolution of the aquifer system during the last 30 years and predicts for 2010 an additional drawdown in the potentiometric surface of 15 m, and an increase in the geothermal water intrusion. 相似文献
22.
Hsueh-Yu Lu Tsung-Ren Peng Tsung-Kwei Liu Chung-Ho Wang Chih-Chao Huang 《Environmental Geology》2006,50(6):885-898
This study was based on the analysis of isotopic compositions of hydrogen and oxygen in samples from precipitation, groundwater and stream water. In addition, parts of groundwater samples were dated by carbon-14 and tritium. These data are integrated to provide other views of the hydrologic cycle in the Hsinchu-Miaoli groundwater district. The groundwater district is principally composed of Pleistocene and Holocene aquifers. The Pleistocene aquifers are highly deformed by folding and faults into small sub-districts with areas of only tens of square kilometers. These aquifers are exclusively recharged by local precipitation. The Holocene aquifers cover narrow creek valleys, only tens of meters in thickness. The local meteoric water line (LMWL), constructed from rainfall samples in the Hsinchu Science Park, is described by the equation δD=8.02δ18O+10.16, which agrees with the global meteoric water line. In addition, the precipitation isotopic compositions can be categorized into two distinct end members: typhoon type and monsoon type. The groundwater isotopic compositions are perfectly located on an LMWL and can be considered a mixture of precipitations. Based on the mass balance of isotopic compositions of oxygen and hydrogen, infiltration is more active in the rainy season with depleted isotopic compositions. The amount of infiltration during May–September is roughly estimated to comprise at least 55% of the whole year’s recharge. The isotopic compositions of stream water are expressed by a regression equation: δD=7.61δ18O+9.62, which is similar to the LMWL. Although precipitation isotopic compositions are depleted during summer time, the isotopic compositions contrarily show an enriched trend in the upstream area. This is explained by the opposite altitude effect on isotopic compositions for typhoon-related precipitations. 相似文献
23.
The hydraulic behaviour of the karst aquifer in the Hubelj spring catchment area (SW Slovenia) was studied by using an indirect
research method based on natural tracers. The variations of natural tracers (in precipitation and in groundwater) during the
storm event made possible the separation of the Hubelj spring storm hydrograph by the three-component separation technique.
The results produced information on the aquifer recharge, storage and discharge processes, as well as on the mechanisms that
affected them. They verified the so-called epikarst hypothesis presuming that an important part of a karst aquifer recharge
reaches rapidly and intensively from the epikarst zone. It was demonstrated that epikarst water could occupy up to 50% of
the spring discharge during precipitation events. This phenomenon could have important consequences on protection and management
of the problems of karst aquifers, including engineering problems in karst areas. With this respect the results could give
way to new engineering ideas. 相似文献
24.
S. A. Alagbe 《Environmental Geology》2006,51(1):39-45
Hydrochemical investigations in the Kalambaina Formation have been initiated to determine potability and suitability of the shallow groundwater for domestic and agricultural uses. This limestone formation is an extensive aquifer supplying water to livestock and domestic wells in its outcrop areas. The aquifer is recharged by rainfall and discharges mainly into the Sokoto–Rima River system and lakes at Kware, Gwadabawa and Kalmalo in Nigeria. Because recharge to the aquifer is mainly from rainfall, the quality of the groundwater is controlled essentially by chemical processes in the vadose zone and locally by human activities. Water samples were taken at 11 sites comprising boreholes, dug wells and a spring and were chemically analysed for their major ion components. Hydrochemical results show water of fairly good quality. It is, however, hard and generally of moderate dissolved solids content. Concentration of the total dissolved solids is between 130 and 2,340 mg/l. Concentrations of ions vary widely but a high concentration of K+ is found in places. NO3− is on the higher side of the World Health Organization (WHO) permissible limits, indicating pollution in such areas. Groundwater chemistry is predominantly of two facies, namely the calcium–magnesium–bicarbonate and calcium–magnesium–sulphate–chloride facies. These facies probably evolved primarily as a result of dissolution of calcium and magnesium carbonates as well as some human/land-use activities. 相似文献
25.
Dynamics and interaction of organic carbon, turbidity and bacteria in a karst aquifer system 总被引:9,自引:8,他引:9
The dynamics of organic carbon (OC), turbidity, faecal indicator bacteria and physicochemical parameters was studied in a karst system near Yverdon, Switzerland. Online measurements and sampling were done at a swallow hole draining an agricultural surface (the input), and two groups of springs (the outputs) that often show bacterial contamination. A fluorescent tracer that was injected into the swallow hole during low-flow conditions first arrived at the springs 10–12 days after injection; the total recovery rate was 29%. Previous tracer tests during high-flow conditions gave shorter travel times. After a major rainfall event, a primary turbidity peak was observed at the springs. It coincides with the rising limb of the hydrograph, indicating remobilisation of autochthonous particles from the aquifer. A secondary turbidity peak occurs several days later, suggesting the arrival of allochthonous particles from the swallow hole. Wider peaks of OC and bacteria were observed simultaneously. Applying methods from molecular microbiology (PCR-DGGE) allowed characterisation of the bacterial communities at the swallow hole and the springs. The results demonstrate that the swallow hole is an important source of groundwater contamination, while its contribution to aquifer recharge is insignificant. OC appears to be a better indicator for bacterial contamination than turbidity. 相似文献
26.
In this study, hydrogeologic and hydrochemical information from the Mersin-Erdemli groundwater system were integrated and
used to determine the main factors and mechanisms controlling the chemistry of groundwaters in the area and anthropogenic
factors presently affecting them. The PHREEQC geochemical modeling demonstrated that relatively few phases are required to
derive water chemistry in the area. In a broad sense, the reactions responsible for the hydrochemical evolution in the area
fall into four categories: (1) silicate weathering reactions; (2) dissolution of salts; (3) precipitation of calcite, amorphous
silica and kaolinite; (4) ion exchange. As determined by multivariate statistical analysis, anthropogenic factors show seasonality
in the area where most contaminated waters related to fertilizer and fungicide applications that occur during early summer
season. 相似文献
27.
Generalized equations using fractional-flow dimensions were derived to estimate the Darcy and seepage velocities obtained
from the point-dilution and the single-well injection-withdrawal field tests conducted in fractured-rock aquifers. Seepage
velocities can only be estimated from single-well tests if the hydraulic conductivity and the hydraulic gradient are known
a priori. However, if a radial-convergent test is also performed between two boreholes, the kinematic porosity can be estimated
and be used to estimate the seepage velocity from the single-well test results.
To apply the generalized equations, the flow dimension and the extent of the flow region must be known. Therefore, the generalized
radial flow (GRF) model of Barker (1988; a generalized radial flow model for hydraulic tests in fractured rock. Water Resour
Res 24(10):1796–1804) is used to estimate the flow dimension because of its wide range of applications. A pumping test performed
on the boreholes will yield an estimate of the fractional-flow dimension by applying the GRF model.
Electronic Publication 相似文献
28.
Predicting average annual groundwater levels from climatic variables: an empirical model 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
On the basis of one-dimensional theoretical water flow model, we demonstrate that the groundwater level variation follows a pattern similar to recharge fluctuation, with a time delay that depends on the characteristics of aquifer, recharge pattern as well as the distance between the recharge and observation locations. On the basis of a water budget model and the groundwater flow model, we propose an empirical model that links climatic variables to groundwater level. The empirical model is tested using a partial data set from historical records of water levels from more than 80 wells in a monitoring network for the carbonate rock aquifer, southern Manitoba, Canada. The testing results show that the predicted groundwater levels are very close to the observed ones in most cases. The overall average correlation coefficient between the predicted and observed water levels is 0.92. This proposed empirical statistical model could be used to predict variations in groundwater level in response to different climate scenarios in a climate change impact assessment. 相似文献
29.
30.
梯度法在水文地质参数估值中的应用 总被引:7,自引:1,他引:7
根据地下水的抽水试验求含水层的导水系数和储水系数时,传统的计算方法是配线法和直线图解法。这两种方法比较繁琐,且人为误差较大。本文运用数学模型的最优化方法即梯度法,并借助于计算机编程,实现了水文地质参数的数值求解。计算结果能消除人为误差,准确反映含水层的参数特征。 相似文献