内蒙古砷中毒病区环境地球化学特征研究   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

林年丰  汤洁 《世界地质》1999,18(2):83-88

内蒙古地方性砷中毒病区是１９９１年被发现和被确认的,它是中国第四个大的砷中毒病区。由于它具有一种“暴发”流行的假象,曾引起了社会上的震动。作者对砷中毒病区的地球化学环境进行了剖析,讨论了环境中Ａｓ＾３＋、Ａｓ＾５＋和甲基砷的形成、分布,及其与砷中毒的关系。指出饮水中的Ａｓ＾３＋、甲基砷比其它价态的砷更具有毒性,它们与人群中的砷中毒呈正相关关系。最后,采用模糊综合评判法对病区饮水水质进行了安全性评价  相似文献   

无机砷As(Ⅲ、Ⅴ)对牟氏角毛藻生长、叶绿素荧光特性及基因组DNA甲基化水平的影响     

孙琰晴  陈亚男  郝明梅  李斌  徐东  姚殿志  陈丽竹  李焕军  孙春晓  由丽萍  苏博  邹荣婕 《海洋湖沼通报》2021,(1):85-90

以AsO2-和HAsO42-分别暴露处理牟氏角毛藻(Chaetocerosmulleri)研究As(Ⅲ、V)毒性作用,As(Ⅲ)浓度梯度为0、10、50、100、300和500 μmol/L,As(V)浓度梯度为0、30、60、120、300和600 μmol/L,分别在第1、3、7d取样,研究不同浓度的As(Ⅲ、V)...  相似文献   

卡林型金矿床中自然砷的特征与成矿物理化学条件示踪   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4  

刘家军  杨丹  刘建明  柳振江  杨艳  毛光剑  郑明华 《地学前缘》2007,14(5):158-166

在"滇黔桂"、"川甘陕"两个金三角密集区内的某些卡林型金矿床中,自然砷矿物的存在并非个别现象。自然砷呈致密块状、致密凝胶体状(肾状)、脉状或微细脉状产出。自然砷呈他形粒状,颗粒大小变化较大,一般为0.05～0.50mm,最大可达2mm。反光显微镜下为白色,显微硬度为114.21～150.60kg/mm2,相当于摩氏硬度3.27～3.59。矿物主要化学成分As的质量分数为92.74%～99.74%,并含有S0.18%～5.25%,Sb0.04%～3.65%。矿物为三方晶系,晶胞参数值a=0.3759nm,c=1.0527nm。利用矿床中含砷矿物的共生组合特点及热力学资料,探讨了卡林型金矿床形成的温度、成矿流体的f(O2)、f(S2)变化范围及金以金砷络合物形式迁移的可能性。  相似文献   

砷污染治理背景下阳宗海浮游植物生物量的时空分布模式及驱动因子     

郑昕  陈丽  仇菲  张涛  张昭阳  尚丽  白宁静  陈小林  赵帅营  孔令阳  陈光杰 《湖泊科学》2024,36(1):34-42

在社会经济发展和流域开发持续的背景下,砷污染已成为我国部分水体面临的重要环境问题,目前对砷污染防控的生态效应与修复效果评价仍缺乏系统识别。湖泊生态系统中浮游植物是重要的生产者,砷等重金属污染可以直接影响浮游植物生长、物种演替和初级生产力水平,浮游植物已成为指示砷污染水平及其生态效应的敏感指标。本研究以长期受到砷污染胁迫并经历污染治理的阳宗海为研究对象,设置南、中、北3个调查位点,于2015年4月-2019年12月对浮游植物和水质因子开展季节调查和空间分析,通过识别浮游植物生物量的时空分布模式与驱动因子,评价了砷污染与治理下浮游植物生物量的变化机制和生态修复效果。调查结果显示,采样期间阳宗海浮游植物以蓝藻门为主,浮游植物的生物量范围为0.7~30.4 mg/L,平均生物量在2016年最低((3.0±1.8) mg/L)、在2017年最高((10.5±8.9) mg/L)。ANOVA分析结果显示,浮游植物生物量存在显著的季节差异而空间差异不明显。相关分析结果显示,阳宗海浮游植物生物量与砷浓度和透明度呈显著负相关,而与水体温度和pH呈显著正相关。多元线性回归分析进一步显示,砷和水温是驱动阳宗海浮游植物生物量变化的显著环境因子。由此可见,在重金属污染湖泊经过修复后,水体砷遗留物的毒性效应仍然对浮游植物生长产生了明显的抑制作用,表明了水体重金属污染物可能具有长期的沉积物释放作用与持久的生态毒理效应。  相似文献   

Mobility and retention of heavy metals, arsenic and sulphur in podzols at eight locations in northern Finland and Norway and the western half of the Russian Kola Peninsula     

Marja Liisa Räisänen  Galina Kashulina  Igor Bogatyrev 《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》1997,59(3):175-195

The mobility and retention of heavy metals, arsenic and sulphur in podzols from eight areas located north of the Arctic Circle in Finland, Norway and Russia were determined by analyzing the < 2.0 mm fraction, using an ammonium acetate (pH 4.5) extraction in addition to a concentrated nitric acid digestion for the humus samples, and a hot aqua regia digestion for the mineral soil samples. Total C, H and N concentrations were determined in humus and mineral soil samples with a CHN analyser.Ni, Cu, Co and As were strongly enriched in the humus layer in the contaminated sites (Monchegorsk, Kurka, Zapoljarnij) when compared to their concentrations in the parent tills and in podzols from the background sites. In most study sites the illuvial layer showed a low capacity to retain the metals and As, the exception included a strongly eroded profile at Monchegorsk, where Ni was tightly fixed in the illuvial layer while Cu was mobile. In contrast to metals, airborne S was not accumulated in the humus layer, but was accumulated in the illuvial layer, more markedly at eroded sites than in places where the humus was covered as at Monchegorsk.  相似文献   

Geochemical characteristics of ores and surface waters for environmental risk assessment in the Pinpet iron deposit,southern Shan State,Myanmar     

Kyaw Zay Ya  Tsubasa Otake  Aoi Koide  Kenzo Sanematsu  Tsutomu Sato 《Resource Geology》2020,70(3):296-308

Mining operations in the Pinpet Fe deposit, which is the second‐largest Fe deposit in Myanmar, are currently suspended, in part because of possible contamination of heavy metals and hazardous elements (e.g., Fe, As, Cu, Zn, and U) into the surrounding aquatic environment and associated public concern. However, a scientific investigation of the source and degree of contamination in streams near the deposit has not yet been conducted. Therefore, we quantified heavy‐metal and hazardous‐element concentrations of stream waters and sediments in stream beds, and measured the speciation and concentration of these metals in deposit Fe ores using the sequential extraction method, to better understand the influence of mining activities on the surrounding environment. Geochemical results for Nan‐tank‐pauk stream and its tributaries indicate that the chemical compositions of their waters are controlled by carbonate bedrock and that no detectable contamination has occurred as a result of mining activity or hematite and limonite ore beneficiation processes in either the wet or dry seasons. All measured heavy‐metal and hazardous‐element concentrations were below the World Health Organization standards for drinking water and the proposed national drinking water quality standards in Myanmar. Bulk chemical compositions of stream‐bed and tailings dam sediments show that As, Zn, and Cu concentrations are similar to those in uncontaminated sediments. Results of bulk mineralogical and chemical analyses of ore samples reveal that some limonite ore samples contain substantial amounts of As (up to 2 wt%). However, sequential extraction results indicate that most (>90%) of the As in these As‐rich ores is hosted in insoluble fractions (e.g., crystalline Fe hydroxides and clays). Therefore, arsenic is unlikely to be released into the aquatic environment by interacting with water during ore beneficiation processes should the mine resume operations.  相似文献   

Distribution of Dissolved Inorganic Arsenic and Its Seasonal Variations in the Coastal Area of the East China Sea     

CHENG Yan REN Jingling LI Dandan LIU Sumei ZHANG Jing 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2006,5(3):243-250

Water samples were collected in the coastal area of the Changjiang Estuary on four cruises from August 2002 to May 2003. The seasonal variations of dissolved inorganic arsenic （DIAs） distributions were analyzed. The results showed that the distributions of DIAs were mainly influenced by Water （KSSW）. The concentration of the total dissolved the terrestrial input and the intrusion of the Kuroshio Subsurface inorganic arsenic （TDIAs） decreased consecutively from winter to summer, while it increased in autumn. The distributions of TDIAs showed some relationships with salinity and suspended particulate matter （SPM）. The relationships between DIAs speciation （including arsenite [ As（ Ⅲ ） ] and arsenate [ As（ Ⅴ ） ]）, biological activity and the availabilities of the phosphate were investigated in the study area for the cruise August 2002. The ratio of As （Ⅲ）/TDIAs increased with the decrease of phosphate concentrations. In the bottom water, the As（ Ⅲ ）/TDIAs ratio decreased with the increasing of N/P. The concentration of TDIAs decreased 28.7% approximately after the occurrence of harmful algal blooms （HAB） because of the uptake of arsenate by algae. Further study is needed about the arsenic source/sink relationships in their vertical or horizontal profiles and the uptake mechanism during the occurrence of harmful algal blooms.  相似文献   

砷污染生态效应及水土体系中砷的治理对策研究   总被引：18，自引：3，他引：18  

杨胜科  王文科  张威  张燕 《地球科学与环境学报》2004,26(3):69-73

针对土壤砷污染严重的环境问题，通过分析砷的环境分布及砷化合物的主要环境性质，探讨了砷的土壤环境容量、土壤中的行为及砷对作物生态效应等问题，进一步研究了土壤砷的来源和存在形态、土壤中砷污染对农作物生长发育的影响及在作物体内的累积规律，提出了严禁随意排放、控制含砷农药使用量以及施加石灰固定土壤中砷的防治措施。  相似文献   

土壤及地下水砷污染现状调查与评价——以新疆奎屯123团为例   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

罗艳丽  蒋平安  余艳华  郑春霞  武红旗  张贵彬 《干旱区地理》2006,29(5):705-709

通过对新疆奎屯123团土壤及地下水中砷含量状况调查分析,研究了土壤及地下水中砷污染状况、砷的主要来源,提出了砷污染的治理措施。研究表明:奎屯123团地下水砷污染严重,自流井水砷浓度范围在0.07~0.83 mg/L。土壤中砷的含量范围在8.36~39.63 mg/kg,平均值为16.67mg/kg,高于全国的平均水平。土壤中砷的来源主要受自然因素的影响,同时也受到高砷地下水灌溉以及含砷农药、化肥等诸多人为因素的影响。  相似文献   

上覆水pH值和总磷浓度对含铁盐的高砷沉积物中砷迁移转化的影响   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

李世玉  刘彬  杨常亮  刘楷  宋阳煜  王艳丹  陈桂明  宋娟 《湖泊科学》2015,27(6):1101-1106

含铁盐的高砷沉积物中,上覆水p H值和总磷浓度的变化对砷迁移的影响尚不明确.以含铁盐的高砷沉积物为研究对象,通过实验观测其暴露在不同p H值的上覆水及经过不同初始p H值、不同初始总磷浓度的溶液淋洗后,沉积物中砷的迁移规律.结果表明:当沉积物暴露在p H=10和11的上覆水时,分别在第11 d和第6 d后,沉积物中的砷溶出速度突然增大,说明当沉积物处于强碱性上覆水环境中,碱性越强,砷的溶出速度越快、溶出量越大.从室内实验条件的角度来看,上覆水的碱化有可能会增加沉积物中砷溶出的风险.而上覆水p H值在4~8之间时,上覆水的酸碱度对沉积物砷的迁移影响较小.此外,当上覆水总磷浓度不高于0.5 mg/L时,磷的竞争吸附对砷的迁移影响较小.  相似文献