积层混合云结构特征及降水机理的个例模拟研究   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

何晖  高茜  刘香娥  周嵬  贾星灿 《大气科学》2015,39(2):315-328

积层混合云是我国一种重要的降水系统, 其降水既有对流云又有层状云特征。基于积层混合云的重要性, 本文利用中尺度数值模式WRF(Weather Research and Forecasting Model), 结合三维粒子运行增长模式对2012年5月29日北京地区的一次积层混合云降过程进行了模拟研究。模拟的降水与雷达回波与实测结果基本一致。在此基础上, 重点分析了混合云系中积状云与层状云各自的微物理结构特征与降水的发生机理等。结果表明:降水过程云内存在着明显的“播种—供给”机制, 层状云中“播种—供给”机制相对简单。而对流云区中由于降水粒子可以发生上下多次的循环增长, “播种—供给”机制可在云的上下层间双向进行, 云中粒子群可以增长得更大。在积层混合云中, 在低层, 层状云中已有的水凝物粒子进入内嵌的积云块中, 而在高层水成物粒子又从积云中落到层云中, 积层混合云系充分发挥了积云和层云各自的优势, 从而降水效率较高。  相似文献   

Modelling the Zambezi River plume     

FPJ Nehama 《African Journal of Marine Science》2015,37(4):593-604

A model for the Zambezi River plume, the largest on the Indian Ocean coast of Africa, is presented and the results of experiments with different discharges and wind forcings are analysed. Although the river plays an important role in the southern African economy through power generation on large dams, artisanal fisheries, and frequent flooding events that impact greatly on local populations, the plume has not been well studied. Observations during the period 2004–2007, when the winds were mainly easterly or south-easterly, indicated that the plume waters can extend both downstream (equatorwards) and upstream (polewards) of the Zambezi Delta with a recirculating bulge near the river mouth. The model is constructed using the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS), with a 40-km long, 3-km wide river discharging into a rectangular coastal ocean with a linearly sloping bottom. When the model is forced only by a constant river discharge of 1 000?m³ s^?1 (typical of observed discharge amounts in summer), the Kelvin and Froude numbers for the resulting plume imply a ‘large-scale’ buoyant discharge with a coastal current that is close to being in geostrophic balance with the across-shore pressure gradient and a recirculating ageostrophic bulge near the mouth. The distributions of the bulge and plume waters are found to be relatively insensitive to the discharge amount. Under constant wind forcing, the plume distribution changes dramatically. Northerly and easterly winds produce the largest changes with the latter able to deflect the plume up to 180° due to Ekman drift. When sea breeze-like winds are imposed, accumulation of water in the bulge occurs with substantial spreading upstream. Stronger sea breezes lead to less downstream spreading of the plume than gentle winds. When the winds are mainly across-shore, Ekman drift dominates, but the dynamics become almost geostrophic when the winds are roughly aligned to the coast. These experiments suggest that the Zambezi River plume is sensitive to the winds on diurnal to synoptic time-scales.  相似文献   

频域技术应用于点云配准研究     

朱凌  杨红粉 《地理信息世界》2015,(3)

点云配准技术在国内外各个领域都在不断的发展并且受到广泛关注,不同的配准方法都有其优势与不足。本文针对地面激光扫描获取的多个测站的点云的拼接问题,提出了一种新的配准方法,即在频域中对点云数据进行配准。该方法使用傅里叶变换将点云从空间域变换到频域,利用傅里叶变换可以将旋转、缩放这两个参数与平移参数分离,即可以单独在频域求解旋转和缩放,之后再在此基础上求解平移参数,从而实现对点云的配准。这种方法具有很强的鲁棒性,而且在频域中,不受点云本身噪声点、密度,或者某些结构缺失的影响,且不需要平移的初始估计。最后的实验结果也表明,本文的算法在实现点云配准时与传统的算法相比具有一定的优势。  相似文献   

Waveform-based point cloud classification in land-cover identification     

《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2015

Full-waveform topographic LiDAR data provide more detailed information about objects along the path of a laser pulse than discrete-return (echo) topographic LiDAR data. Full-waveform topographic LiDAR data consist of a succession of cross-section profiles of landscapes and each waveform can be decomposed into a sum of echoes. The echo number reveals critical information in classifying land cover types. Most land covers contain one echo, whereas topographic LiDAR data in trees and roof edges contained multi-echo waveform features. To identify land-cover types, waveform-based classifier was integrated single-echo and multi-echo classifiers for point cloud classification.The experimental area was the Namasha district of Southern Taiwan, and the land-cover objects were categorized as roads, trees (canopy), grass (grass and crop), bare (bare ground), and buildings (buildings and roof edges). Waveform features were analyzed with respect to the single- and multi-echo laser-path samples, and the critical waveform features were selected according to the Bhattacharyya distance. Next, waveform-based classifiers were performed using support vector machine (SVM) with the local, spatial features of waveform topographic LiDAR information, and optical image information. Results showed that by using fused waveform and optical information, the waveform-based classifiers achieved the highest overall accuracy in identifying land-cover point clouds among the models, especially when compared to an echo-based classifier.  相似文献   

地面点云数据快速重建建筑模型的分层方法     

万怡平  习晓环  温奇  王成  王方建 《测绘工程》2015,(5):47-51

为了快速从地面激光扫描数据重建建筑物模型,避免数据处理中复杂的点云栅格化和面片分割,提出一种基于分层方法的建筑三维模型快速重建方法。利用直方图统计方法去除噪声,结合大多数建筑物自身特点,对点云数据进行分层并垂直投影至各层平均高度的平面,得到建筑物各层的边缘特征点,进而规则化,实现建筑物三维数字模型的快速重建。实验结果表明,方法可以快速提取建筑物边界点,简化传统点云数据在建筑物重建中的复杂过程和大量的数据处理运算,而且最终模型的精度可以得到保证,具有一定的普适性。  相似文献   

三维激光扫描点云混合像素的自动识别方法     

林欢  王成硕  王娟 《测绘工程》2015,(10):62-66

混合像素的存在会给点云后续处理与应用带来干扰,针对如何在原始扫描点云中自动识别混合像素的问题,从扫描仪的工作原理着手分析了混合像素的形成条件,结合扫描仪的内部光电转换机制与真实扫描数据论证混合像素的测距误差分布规律,据此设计混合像素的自动探测方法。利用真实原始扫描数据进行实验,结果证明,文中方法能够准确地识别出点云中的混合像素。  相似文献   

基于探测球的固定式扫描海量点云自动定向方法     

郭敬平 《测绘工程》2015,(10):11-14

地面固定式扫描点云首先要将自由坐标系的点云纳入国家坐标系,而单站扫描的点云数据量极大,无法在可视环境下进行拼接。针对现有方法对海量点云拼接的不足,提出一种基于探测球的固定式扫描海量点云自动定向方法,该方法通过数据关联技术读取海量点云、建立标靶搜索环、球拟合确定标靶候选点、全组合距离匹配法确定同名点及坐标转换参数解算等,完成点云的自动定向过程。通过实验验证文中算法的有效性及可行性。  相似文献   

工业构件密集点云数据与CAD模型的配准     

赵显富  张育锋  曹爽  赵轩 《测绘科学》2015,40(4):112-114

针对工业构件人工检测安装效率低的问题,该文提出基于三维激光扫描的点云数据与CAD模型的配准方法。该方法是预先在两模型中找出公共点进行粗配准,把粗配准后的两模型用迭代最近点(ICP)算法进行精确配准,并通过提取公共特征点进行匹配的精度检测。实验表明,通过该方法实现了点云与CAD模型的配准,有效地提高了工业逆安装效率。  相似文献   

地铁隧道三维激光扫描数据配准方法   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

谢秋平  于海洋  余鹏磊  卢小平  李珵 《测绘科学》2015,40(6)

针对传统的迭代最近点算法(ICP)用于多测站点云数据配准时计算效率低的问题,该文提出了一种基于特征点的ICP改进算法,该方法利用相邻两测站数据进行配准的实现。首先采用体素化格网方法对两点云数据集进行精简处理,并计算精简处理后每一点的法向量;然后利用kd-tree最近邻查询搜索特征点之间的对应关系;并通过估计出的最优变换矩阵更新至全局变换,以提高配准精度。实验结果表明,改进的ICP算法在地铁隧道点云数据配准中的效率高于其他的配准方法,为隧道变形监测工作的进行提供保证。  相似文献   

面向对象的车载LiDAR点云滤波方法     

房华乐  林祥国  段敏燕  张继贤 《测绘科学》2015,40(4):92-96

针对经典的机载LiDAR点云数据滤波方法不适用于车载LiDAR点云数据滤波的问题,该文提出了一种基于点云分割的不规则三角网渐进加密滤波方法。首先,剔除粗差;然后,进行点云分割;最后,以分割对象为基本判别单元,迭代地进行地面对象的识别。采用两个场景的车载LiDAR点云进行滤波实验。实验结果表明,本文滤波方法的总误差明显小于经典的不规则三角网渐进加密滤波方法。  相似文献