Farmland Abandonment Research Progress: Influencing Factors and Simulation Model     

SONG Wei  ZHANG Ying 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2019,10(4):345-352

Farmland abandonment is a global problem and considered one of the most important areas in land use change research. Farmland abandonment research currently focuses on understanding the factors that affect farmland abandonment and developing scientific models to simulate farmland abandonment. The study reviewed the natural and political factors driving farmland abandonment and summarized the main models for farmland abandonment simulation together with their advantages and disadvantages. We discuss the main ecological effects of farmland abandonment and propose farmland abandonment research directions. The study found that: (1) the influence of labor cost change and ageing labor force on farmland abandonment needs further investigation, (2) simulation models for farmland abandonment must include the decision-making mechanism of individual farmers and focus on macro large-scale abandonment prediction models, and (3) the influence of farmland abandonment on landscape culture must be investigated in detail.  相似文献   

Temporal Variations and Driving Factors of Cultivated Land Use Intensity in Shandong Province from 1980 to 2015     

LI Zijun  YU Yuanhe  JIANG Aixia 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2019,10(3):265-274

Based on the cost-income data of agricultural products and relevant statistical data, taking major grain crops and economic crops in the process of cultivated land use as study cases, we studied characteristics of the temporal variation of cultivated land use intensity and its composition in Shandong Province from 1980 to 2015, and then analyzed its main driving factors. The results showed that: (1) The total intensity of major crops in Shandong Province showed a rising trend from 919.73 Yuan ha^-1 in 1980 to 3285.06 Yuan ha^-1 in 2015, and the average annual intensity of economic crops was higher than that of grain crops. The labor cost and material cost of major crops both showed an increasing trend, but the material input was much higher than labor input for grain crops, while the labor input was much higher than material input for economic crops. (2) The labor intensity of major crops in Shandong Province showed a decreasing trend from 501.75 man-day ha^-1 in 1980 to 161.93 man-day ha^-1 in 2015. The labor intensity of grain crops was lower than that of economic crops and its decline rate was fast. On the contrary, the capital intensity showed an increasing trend from 518.33 Yuan ha^-1 in 1980 to 1159.95 Yuan ha^-1 in 2015. In the internal composition of capital intensity, the proportion of yield-increasing inputs such as seed, farmyard manure, fertilizer, pesticide and drainage and irrigation decreased gradually, while the proportion of labor-saving inputs such as agricultural machinery increased significantly. (3) The cultivated land use intensity in Shandong Province had significant negative correlations with the amount of agricultural labor and cultivated land area per capita. The primary direct driving factor was the net income per unit cost of major crops, but the time response lagged by 1-3 years. The main indirect driving factor was the reform of agricultural policy.  相似文献   

Modelling of the passive turning of a turret moored vessel in conditions of compact ice     

《Applied Ocean Research》2019

The concept of the offshore oil and gas field development using floating ship-shaped platforms, frequently named floating production units (FPU further), with turret mooring is widely used in the world, including regions with harsh environment. The direct transfer of this concept to the Arctic seas is not possible, mostly due to the difficulties of maintaining a weathervaning, or passive turning regime in heavy ice conditions. The main danger relates to the fact that the expected FPU rotation under the action of high ice loads can be accompanied by a translational displacement of the FPU away from the mooring point. As a result, the mooring system may reach an overloaded state until the FPU turns to a favourable position relative to the ice drift direction. In the paper, we are focused on the investigation of a mathematical model of the passive FPU turning on a spot under the assumption that the ice cover is described by a rigid-plastic continuum. The study is performed both analytically and by numerical simulations. A number of specific FPU motion patterns are analytically derived from the model in quasi-static approximation in the form of successive limit states of the system FPU – ice continuum. Some results of the corresponding numerical simulation are presented that confirm the existence of similar solutions in the full dynamic setting of the problem. A partial parametric analysis of the problem is also performed.  相似文献   

Wave energy conversion under constrained wave-by-wave impedance matching with amplitude and phase-match limits     

《Applied Ocean Research》2019

This paper investigates an approach to limit the fullness of ‘tuning’ provided by wave-by-wave impedance matching control of wave energy devices in irregular waves. A single analytical formulation based on the Lagrange multiplier approach of Evans [1] is used to limit the velocity amplitude while also limiting the closeness of the phase match between velocity and exciting force. The paper studies the effect of the present technique in concurrently limiting the device velocity and the required control/actuation force. Time domain application requires wave-profile prediction, which here is based on a deterministic propagation model. Also examined in the time domain is the effect of possible violation of the displacement constraint, which for many designs implies impacts at hard stops within the power take-off mechanism. Time domain simulations are carried out for a 2-body axisymmetric converter (with physical end-stops) in sea states reported for a site off the US east coast. It is found that the approach leads to effective power conversion in the less energetic sea states, while as desired, considerable muting of the optimal response is found in the larger sea states. Under the assumptions of this work, the end-stop collisions are found to have a minor effect on the power conversion. The present approach could be used to guide the design of power take-off systems so that their displacement stroke, maximum force, and resistive and reactive power limits are well-matched to the achievable performance of a given controlled primary energy converter.  相似文献   

日照港30万吨油码头船舶泊稳物理模型试验研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王世江 《海岸工程》2006,25(4):25-30

日照港拟在岚北港区建设30万吨级原油码头,通过实验测定了船舶在风、浪、流作用下对码头结构的作用力、船舶运动量最大值、最大缆绳拉力、船舶对护舷撞击能量和撞击力,为工程结构设计和操船规程的制定提供可靠依据。  相似文献   

中国西北半干旱区土地景观变化成因--以榆林市为例   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

郭丽英  任志远  刘彦随 《地理学报(英文版)》2006,16(2):192-198

1 Introduction Landscape change is a result of the complex interactions between physical, biological, political, economic and social driving forces (Moody and Woodcock 1995; Apan et al., 2002). Landscape in arid and semi-arid China is extremely vulnerabl…  相似文献   

木本植被覆盖岸坡上波浪爬升过程的数值模拟研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

徐海珏  胡萍  白玉川  杨波 《海洋学报》2020,42(3):10-24

近岸木本植物构成的生态缓冲带作为新型的海岸软防护结构,兼具功能性和生态友好性,在沿海工程建设中愈发受到关注,如何深入开展其防护效果的机理研究是目前亟待解决的问题。本文采用数值模拟方法,在N-S方程中分别考虑树枝和树干的拖曳力影响,提出了木本植被作用下波浪沿斜坡爬升的表面波衰减的连续介质等效模型,并采用MAC法来跟踪自由曲面上的水颗粒轨迹。本文以波浪沿1/30的斜坡爬升为算例,对比讨论了有无植被作用下波浪的传播过程,并将算例结果与以往试验结果规律进行对照,验证了数值模型的有效性。最后,分别讨论了植物枝干的高度、密度、树枝倾斜角度等植被特性和波浪因素对植被消浪效果的影响,得到植被消浪的基本规律。文中的计算结果也可为实际的护岸工程和生态景观设计提供参考。  相似文献   

中国城市信息网络结构演变特征及驱动因素分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

梅大伟  修春亮  冯兴华 《世界地理研究》2020,29(4):717-727

信息流能够客观反映城市社会经济联系,对城市网络研究具有重要价值。基于2011、2014和2017年中国城市间信息关注度数据,利用社会网络分析法,从网络密度、中心度、城市联系等方面分析中国城市网络结构的演变特征及其驱动因素,研究表明：1）城市信息网络结构明显拓展但网络总体联系强度仍较低;省域内部信息联系强度高于跨区域联系,信息联系仍受行政区划的影响较大。2）网络节点中心度显著提高,热点区主要集中在东部沿海三大城市群;中西部部分区域核心城市如重庆、成都、郑州等成长为全国性核心城市,但中西部地区城市信息发展仍与东部地区差距较大。3）信息联系层级分布特征明显,并呈现局部区域联系紧密、区域一体化特征;核心网络由以北京、上海为核心的“轴-辐”结构演变为以“北京-上海-广深-成渝”为核心的“菱形”结构。4）信息化水平、经济发展基础、城市职能等互补性因素,网络营销、大事件效应等介入性因素及信息技术变革、城市群建设等高效性因素相互作用,共同促进信息网络结构优化重组。  相似文献   

土地利用视角下城市交通事故驱动机理的研究进展     

王成  谢波 《地理科学进展》2020,39(9):1597-1606

城镇化与机动交通的快速发展,引发了城市土地利用与交通系统的重塑,导致城市交通安全问题日益严峻。为了优化土地利用布局并改善交通安全,需要从土地利用视角开展交通事故的驱动机理研究。国内外该方面研究形成了以交通流量和交通速度为主要中介因素联系土地利用与交通事故的经典理论框架,却忽略了源于土地利用并深刻影响交通安全的交通需求因素,导致缺乏“土地利用—交通需求—交通事故”完整路径链的研究。论文通过综述该领域文献,在归纳总结城市交通事故影响因素的基础上,揭示土地利用视角下交通事故的驱动机理并探讨未来研究方向。研究指出,土地利用的多维属性特征对交通事故具有重要影响,土地利用与交通系统的动态匹配关系及其对出行行为的影响是揭示交通事故驱动机理的关键突破口,对于构建交通安全导向的城市土地利用模式具有重要的理论与实践意义。  相似文献   

一种多层特征融合的道路场景实时分割方法     

周继苗  李必军  陈世增 《测绘通报》2020,(1):10-15

道路场景理解是自动驾驶领域中重要模块之一,它可以提供关于道路更丰富的信息,对于建立高精度地图和实时规划都具有重要作用。其中,语义分割可以为图像每个像素赋予类别信息,是自动驾驶场景理解中最常用的方法。但是,目前常用的语义分割算法在速度和精度上大都不能达到很好的平衡。本文在MobileNetV2的基础上,提出了一种多层次特征融合的方法,使得网络可以在实时运行的同时保证精度满足实际应用的需求,并在Cityscapes数据集上进行了试验验证和分析。  相似文献