江苏镇江地区主要活动断裂及其晚第四纪活动性研究     

宗开红  宗雯  康从轩  白世彪 《地质力学学报》2016,22(3):439-453

镇江地区位于宁镇山脉东端,地质构造复杂,尤其断裂构造的活动性塑造了镇江地区如今的地形地貌格架。通过地质地貌调查、遥感影像解译、地球物理勘探、钻探、探槽等勘探手段,对镇江地区断裂构造两侧第四纪地层进行年代学研究,基本确定了断裂构造的活动机制、活动时间,结合镇江地区地震发生的规律及地应力场特征的研究,认为镇江地区断裂构造的最后活动时间在更新世,全新世活动较弱,并趋于稳定。   相似文献   

Travertine deposition and faulting: the fault-related travertine fissure-ridge at Terme S. Giovanni,Rapolano Terme (Italy)     

Andrea Brogi  Enrico Capezzuoli 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2009,98(4):931-947

In this paper we describe an example of travertine fissure-ridge development along the trace of a normal fault with metre displacement, located in the eastern margin of the Neogene–Quaternary Siena Basin, in the Terme S. Giovanni area (Rapolano Terme, Italy). This morphotectonic feature, 250 m long, 30 m wide and 10 m high, formed from supersaturated hot waters (39.9°C) flowing from thermal springs aligned along the trace of the normal fault dissecting travertines not older than Late Pleistocene (24 ± 3 ka). A straight, continuous fissure with a maximum width of 20 cm occurs at the top of the ridge, along its crest. Hot fluids flow from cones mainly located at the extremities of the ridge, where travertine is depositing. The travertine fissure-ridge shows an asymmetrical profile since it buries the fault scarp. The difference in height of slopes corresponds to the vertical displacement of the normal fault. Fissuring of the recent travertine deposits along the strike of the crestal fissure, as well as recent hydrothermal circulation, lead us to believe that the Terme S. Giovanni normal fault may be currently active. On the whole, the Terme S. Giovanni fissure ridge can be defined as a travertine fault trace fissure-ridge, adding a helpful example for studying the relationship between faulting and travertine deposition.  相似文献   

Centrifuge modeling of buried continuous pipelines subjected to normal faulting   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Majid Moradi  Mahdi Rojhani  Abbas Galandarzadeh  Shiro Takada 《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2013,12(1):155-164

Seismic ground faulting is the greatest hazard for continuous buried pipelines.Over the years,researchers have attempted to understand pipeline behavior mostly via numerical modeling such as the finite element method.The lack of well-documented field case histories of pipeline failure from seismic ground faulting and the cost and complicated facilities needed for full-scale experimental simulation mean that a centrifuge-based method to determine the behavior of pipelines subjected to faulting is best to verify numerical approaches.This paper presents results from three centrifuge tests designed to investigate continuous buried steel pipeline behavior subjected to normal faulting.The experimental setup and procedure are described and the recorded axial and bending strains induced in a pipeline are presented and compared to those obtained via analytical methods.The influence of factors such as faulting offset,burial depth and pipe diameter on the axial and bending strains of pipes and on ground soil failure and pipeline deformation patterns are also investigated.Finally,the tensile rupture of a pipeline due to normal faulting is investigated.  相似文献   

华北地块南部断裂体系新构造活动特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

许立青  李三忠  索艳慧  刘鑫  戴黎明  吴奇  王鹏程  张丙坤 《地学前缘》2013,20(4):75-87

根据野外观察、测量与分析,特别是综合华北地块南部断裂体系第四纪活动性质的构造和地貌标志,表明现今华北地块南部NWWNW向断裂活动最为显著,主要表现为左旋走滑性质;在前新生代构造基础上发育的三门峡-鲁山-舞阳断裂带和新构造期发育的新乡-商丘断裂带是具有走滑性质的新生代壳内活动断裂。地球物理资料表明,在介休-新乡-溧阳和巴东-泉州-台湾地震带西北部的深部存在两个NW向构造带,在地幔可能汇聚为一条构造带。综合这些断裂及其所控断陷盆地的展布特征,明确了该区的NE向、NW向及近EW向断裂的运动学关系。即在应力应变基底格局的制约下,两个NW向构造带强烈的左旋走滑拉分运动作用下导致华北地块南部发育拉分盆地,NW向新断裂的形成和先存NNE、NW及近EW向断裂的复活,控制了新生代复杂的断裂或断块构造格局的形成。  相似文献   

Paleocene large-scale normal faulting along the Median Tectonic Line, western Shikoku, Japan   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Yasu'uchi  Kubota  Toru  Takeshita 《Island Arc》2008,17(1):129-151

Abstract   The Median Tectonic Line (MTL) in southwest Japan, a major east–west-trending arc-parallel fault, has been defined as the boundary fault between the Cretaceous Sambagawa metamorphic rocks and Ryoke granitic and metamorphic rocks, which are unconformably covered by the Upper Cretaceous Izumi Group. The juxtaposition by faulting occurred after the deposition of the Izumi Group. Based on detailed fieldwork and previous studies, the authors reconstruct the kinematic history along the MTL during the Paleogene period, which has not been fully understood before. It is noted that although the strata of the Izumi Group along the MTL dip gently, east–west-trending north-vergent folds with the wavelength of ∼300 m commonly develop up to 2 km north from the MTL. Along the MTL, a disturbed zone of the Izumi Group up to 400 m thick, defined by the development of boudinage structures with the transverse boudin axis dipping nearly parallel to the MTL, occurs. Furthermore, east–west-trending north-vergent folds with the wavelength of 1–5 m develop within the distance up to 60 m from the MTL. The disturbed zone with the map-scale north-vergent folds along the MTL, strongly suggests that they formed due to normal faulting with a top-to-the-north sense along the MTL. Considering that the normal faulting is associated with the final exhumation of the Sambagawa metamorphic rocks, and its juxtaposition against the Izumi Group at depth, this perhaps occurred before the denudation of the Sambagawa metamorphic rocks indicated by the deposition of the Lower Eocene Hiwada-toge Formation. Dynamic equilibrium between crustal thickening at depth (underplating) and extension at shallow level is a plausible explanation for the normal faulting because the arc-normal extension suggests gravity as the driving force.  相似文献   

Constrains on stresses in isotropic homogeneous infinite half-spaces being in welded contact: 2D anti-plane and in-plane cases     

Kacper R. Rybicki  Teruo Yamashita 《Acta Geophysica》2008,56(2):286-292

Formulas are derived for two-dimensional problems relating stresses across a plane boundary that divides infinite homogeneous half-spaces being in welded contact. The calculations are made for both anti-plane and in-plane stress cases. The results obtained for the former case that involve only two stress components are useful in the analysis of fracture of strike-slip type. For the in-plane case, the relations that link stresses in one half-space with the corresponding homogeneous stresses in the other half-space are presented for arbitrarily oriented shear and normal stresses and for the center of compression (dilatation). The above relations provide a compete set of expressions that, among other things, make it possible to analyze stresses involved in faulting of deep-slip type in an inhomogeneous medium. The quantitative preliminary evaluations based on the results obtained demonstrate the great role of low rigidity media in fracture processes of all kinds within the Earth’s crust.  相似文献   

祁连山中段门源盆地新构造运动的阶段划分   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

马保起  李德文 《地质力学学报》2008,14(3):201-211

门源盆地是祁连山中段的山间盆地, 南北边缘均为断裂控制, 发育古近系白杨河组、第四纪冰碛物和冰水堆积物。地层变形、地貌发育和断裂活动分期的差异显示新生代以来门源盆地经历了4个构造运动阶段。新生代最早的构造运动开始于渐新世中期(约30MaB.P.), Ⅰ级夷平面解体, 盆地断陷形成并接收了白杨河组砂砾石沉积。第二阶段始于渐新世末期-中新世初(约23MaB.P.), 盆地结束了沉降过程, 白杨河组褶皱变形, 这一过程持续至中更新世初期。第三阶段始于中更新世中期(约460ka B.P.), 新的边界断裂形成, 盆地再次断陷, 堆积了厚度大于400m的冰碛或冰水堆积物, 边缘断裂强烈活动, 这一过程持续到晚更新世晚期(约30ka B.P.)。最新阶段始于30ka B.P., 盆地和两侧的山地整体抬升, 盆地面由此前的加积过程转变为侵蚀切割过程, 北缘断裂的活动由含走滑分量的逆冲性质转变为走滑性质, 但走滑速率明显降低。   相似文献   

Relationship between statistical thermal alteration index and vitrinite reflectance for sedimentary rocks in northern Japan with reference to effects for unconformity,faulting, and contact metamorphism     

Yoshihiro Ujiié 《Island Arc》2009,18(4):661-669

Two organic maturity indices, the statistical thermal alteration index (stTAI) and vitrinite reflectance (R_O), are used to gain insight into the geological histories of sequences of Tertiary and Upper Cretaceous sediments in northern Japan that contain an unconformity and which are affected by faulting and contact metamorphism. The stTAI is based on the brightness, or gray level, of fossil pollen of Pinus, Podocarpus, Abies, and Picea species. Pollen brightness is measured using a transmitted‐light microscope equipped with a computer‐driven digital image processor. The stTAI represents the mean value of the modes for the complete array of indigenous pollen in rock samples. The stTAI indicates the level of organic maturation for Neogene sedimentary rocks of Japan, from incipient diagenesis to early catagenesis (R_O ≤1.0%). With the progressive diagenesis and catagenesis of sedimentary rocks, stTAI values generally show a progressive decrease, whereas R_O values increase. The effects of an unconformity and faulting are more clearly recorded in stTAI trends than in R_O trends. During early stages of organic maturation (R_O ≤0.7%), stTAI shows a rapid decrease, while R_O shows a rapid increase during the mature and post‐mature stages (R_O ≥0.8%). The occurrence of a range in R_O values for a given level of organic maturity makes it difficult to determine the influence of the unconformity on the increasing R_O trend. R_O values show a progressive increase toward an igneous dyke, but this trend is not apparent in stTAI values. Measurements of Tertiary and Upper Cretaceous rocks in Japan reveal that stTAI is more sensitive to heating duration than R_O, although R_O is more sensitive to heating temperature.  相似文献   

Modeling coseismic displacements resulting from SAR interferometry and GPS measurements during the 1997 Umbria-Marche seismic sequence     

S. Salvi  S. Stramondo  M. Cocco  M. Tesauro  I. Hunstad  M. Anzidei  P. Briole  P. Baldi  E. Sansosti  G. Fornaro  R. Lanari  F. Doumaz  A. Pesci  A. Galvani 《Journal of Seismology》2000,4(4):479-499

In this study we analyse coseismic GPS displacements and DInSAR data to constrain a dislocation model for the three largest earthquakes of the 1997 Umbria-Marche seismic sequence. The first two events, which occurred on September 26 at 00:33 GMT (Mw 5.7) and 09:40 GMT (Mw 6.0) respectively, are investigated using both GPS displacements and DInSAR interferograms. We discuss and compare the results of previous studies which separately modeled a smaller subset of geodetic data. We provide a dislocation model for these two earthquakes which fits well both GPS and DInSAR data and agrees with the results of seismological and geological investigations. The first event consists of a unilateral rupture towards the southeast with a uniform dislocation. The strike, rake and dip angles are those resulting from the CMT solution. The second event consists of an unilateral rupture towards the northwest and a variable slip distribution on the fault plane. The strike and the rake are consistent with the CMT solution, but the dip angle has been slightly modified to improve the simultaneous fit of GPS and DInSAR data. While the second rupture (09:40 GMT) arrived very close to the surface, the fit to geodetic data shows that the first rupture (00:33 GMT) is deeper (2 km), despite the more evident surface geological effects. The analysis of new SAR interferograms allows the identification of a 5–6 cm additional displacement caused by the October 3 (Mw 5.2) and 6 (Mw 5.4) seismic events.We use data from a new DInSAR interferogram to model the displacement field of the Sellano earthquake of October 14, 1997. For this event significant GPS measurements were not available. We tested two different fault plane geometries: a blind, planar fault (top depth = 2.4 km), and a curved (listric) fault reaching the surface. The two models provide a generally similar fit to the data, and show that most of the slip was released at depths greater than 2.4 km along a gently dipping (40^°–45^°) fault surface. They also show that a unilateral rupture does not allow fitting the interferometric fringes since there is evident surface deformation to the northwest of the hypocenter. Moreover, we suggest that the concentration of high residuals in the southern part of our uniform slip model may in fact indicate a certain slip variability in this area.We conclude that, despite the moderate magnitudes and the lack of significant surface faulting, the space geodetic data allowed to constrain dislocation models giving new insights in the rupture process of the three largest events of the sequence.  相似文献   

半地堑盆地演化机制的粘弹塑数值模拟   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

汤良杰 《地学前缘》2000,7(4):441-448

利用新近完成的粘弹塑构造模拟软件包对盆地的动力学演化进行了一系列模拟。文中主要概述不同厚度的上地壳中由高角度平面正断层界定的半地堑盆地的演化模拟。模拟时上地壳被考虑成具有Byerlee型强度包络 ,并且位于无粘性基底之上 ,盆地中由密度比地壳密度小的沉积物充填。计算了以一定增量逐渐拉伸上地壳层时各个阶段的非静岩应力 (Nonlitho staticstress)、塑性破裂 (Plasticfailure)分布及挠曲剖面 (Flexureprofile)。塑性变形使得有效弹性厚度减小。到切穿破裂出现以前 ,断层断距一直增加 ,之后 ,断距基本停止增加。所以 ,地壳强度使沉降量和隆升量均有极限。上地壳层厚度和沉积物密度是控制盆地宽度和极限深度的两个重要因素 ,上地壳层厚度增加或者沉积物密度加大都使盆地宽度和深度增大。模拟结果可以解释一些大陆裂谷盆地的宽度和沉积深度。  相似文献