On the use of geochronology of detrital grains in determining the time of deposition of clastic sedimentary strata     

Peter Copeland 《Basin Research》2020,32(6):1532-1546

Placing geologic events in a temporal framework is essential to telling the story of Earth history. However, clastic sedimentary rocks can be difficult to date in an absolute reference because they are made up of grains that are older than the rock in which they are now found, and some clastic rocks do not contain fossils that allow precise reference to the Geologic Timescale. For such rocks, the isotopic dating of detrital minerals can be used to estimate the time of deposition; the clastic rock must be younger than the youngest grain analysed. However, many researchers eschew this simple and straightforward approach in favour of schemes that estimate the maximum allowable depositional age as the weighted mean of the age of several grains, chosen by a variety of selection criteria. This is a mistake; in the absence of a geochemical resemblance apart from the similarity of their age, detrital grains should not be assumed to have originated in the same system and therefore any averaging or other manipulation of such data is statistically invalid and produces results without geologic significance. In the absence of interbedded volcanic rocks or index fossils, dating of detrital minerals can be an important aid in understanding the time of deposition of clastic rocks, but the best estimate will come from taking note of the youngest single grain and not by inappropriately averaging data.  相似文献   

台西南盆地地质构造特征及油气远景   总被引：7，自引：3，他引：7  

杜德莉 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》1991,11(3):21-33

本文从盆地的基本地质特征入手,分析了台西南盆地的地层、沉积、构造特征及油气条件,在进行盆地的定性分析的基础上,对盆地内的次级构造单元进行了类比,对盆地的含油气远景进行了评价,提出了该盆地的油气勘探方向。  相似文献   

南沙海域区域地质构造   总被引：24，自引：1，他引：24  

金庆焕  李唐根 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2000,20(1):1-8

以多年来在南沙海域的海洋地质－地球物理综合考察所取得的资料为基础,分析研究了区内的地球物理场特征、深部地壳结构、基底性质、断裂构造等,其中断裂构造划分出正断裂、逆冲断裂和走滑断裂３个系统,区域上划分出３大块体和６个地块。叠置在不同地壳类型和基底之上或不同构造部位的１３个主要的大中型新生代盆地,具有沉积厚度大、盆地类型多、规模大的特点,是多种盆地原型的叠覆盆地,也是油气资源的重要场所。  相似文献   

东海陆架外缘区构造特征及其成因机制     

尚鲁宁  张勇  张训华  曹瑞  孙治雷 《海洋与湖沼》2018,49(6):1178-1189

东海陆架边缘的构造特征记录了有关冲绳海槽张裂过程的关键信息,对于进一步理解海槽的形成演化以及弧后张裂与弧-陆碰撞之间的相互作用至关重要。本文基于多道地震和重磁资料,分析了东海陆架边缘的地形和构造特征,并对冲绳海槽早期张裂过程、北西向断裂带的分隔控制作用、钓鱼岛隆起带南北构造差异和冲绳海槽的向西前展等问题进行了探讨。结果表明,冲绳海槽西侧陆坡存在的分段性,各分段在地形地貌、地层展布和构造特征等方面的不同,体现了其构造演化和现今构造活动性的差异。冲绳海槽中—北段的张裂始于陆架前缘坳陷,在晚中新世向东扩展至整个海槽,晚中新世至今以分散式张裂为主。北西向断裂带对东海陆架边缘不同分段的构造特征和构造活动起到了分隔控制和转换协调作用,控制了不同类型陆坡的形成和发育。受冲绳海槽在全宽度上向西前展的影响,钓鱼岛隆起带南段的基底隆起及其支撑的陆架边缘发生了破坏和沉降,形成基底起伏较大、地形崎岖不平的陆坡。  相似文献   

中国西南特提斯构造演化—幔柱构造控制   总被引：26，自引：1，他引：26  

侯增谦  卢记仁  李红阳  王登红  吕庆田 《地球学报》1996,17(4):439-453

基于对中国西南特提斯巨型造山系的时空结构和构造－岩浆事件分析研究提出．泥盆－石炭纪时期出现于昌都－思茅陆块两侧的热幔柱导致了金沙江洋和澜沧江洋成对打开，热幔柱岩浆作用沿洋脊产出苦橄玄武岩和洋岛玄武岩，并造成区域地球化学异常。二叠纪末期出现于昌都－思茅－印支中央陆块下的冷幔柱导致了两大洋向该陆块下俯冲消减，陆块两缘发育沟－弧－盆体系，构成冷幔柱的洋壳板片在２００Ｍａ时期堆积沉落，诱发板块后继俯冲，产生滞后型孤火山－岩浆岩。发育于冈瓦纳大陆北缘的德干热幔柱在株罗纪导致怒江洋和雅鲁藏布江洋相继打开，在白垩纪末期（６６Ｍａ）形成德干玄武岩省。发育于劳亚大陆南缘的峨眉热幔柱在二叠纪，导致峨眉火成岩省的形成，在早中三叠世使甘孜－理塘断裂带扩张成洋。冷幔柱的持续发生，决定了雅鲁藏布江洋和甘孜－理塘向昌都－思茅陆块方向的俯冲消减，以及来自冈瓦纳大陆和劳亚大陆陆块分别向昌都－思茅陆块南北两侧拚贴和碰撞。  相似文献   

Seabed morphology and gas venting features in the continental slope region of Krishna–Godavari basin,Bay of Bengal: Implications in gas-hydrate exploration     

P. Dewangan  T. RamprasadM.V. Ramana  A. MazumdarM. Desa  F.K. Badesab 《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2010

Increased oil and gas exploration activity has led to a detailed investigation of the continental shelf and adjacent slope regions of Mahanadi, Krishna–Godavari (KG) and Cauvery basins, which are promising petroliferous basins along the eastern continental margin of India. In this paper, we analyze the high resolution sparker, subbottom profiler and multibeam data in KG offshore basin to understand the shallow structures and shallow deposits for gas hydrate exploration. We identified and mapped prominent positive topographic features in the bathymetry data. These mounds show fluid/gas migration features such as acoustic voids, acoustic chimneys, and acoustic turbid layers. It is interesting to note that drilling/coring onboard JOIDES in the vicinity of the mounds show the presence of thick accumulation of subsurface gas hydrate. Further, geological and geochemical study of long sediment cores collected onboard Marion Dufresne in the vicinity of the mounds and sedimentary ridges shows the imprints of paleo-expulsion of methane and sulfidic fluid from the seafloor.  相似文献   

Salt tectonics in the Cap Boujdour Area,Aaiun Basin,NW Africa     

Ian Davison  Paul Dailly 《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2010

Seismic reflection data indicate the Moroccan salt basin extends to the Cap Boujdour area in the Aaiun Basin. Two salt diapir structures have been identified and several areas of collapsed strata indicate probable salt removal at the shelf edge. The presence of salt in this area correlates to the conjugate southern George's Bank Basin and the Baltimore Canyon area, and it is suggested that the salt extends southward from the known salt diapir province in the George's Bank Basin southward to the Great Stone Dome. The paucity of salt diapirs is attributed to the thick carbonate and anhydrite sequence, which was deposited soon after salt deposition that inhibited halokinesis. The presence of salt along this large segment of the Atlantic margin should increase its hydrocarbon potential with traps created around salt diapirs and provision of migration pathways from deep potential source rocks in the early Cretaceous and Jurassic strata to shallower levels.  相似文献   

墨西哥湾南部晚侏罗纪主力烃源岩的形成条件   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

龚建明  文丽  李慧君  王文娟  杨传胜 《海洋地质前沿》2010,26(3)

通过对墨西哥湾不同时代可采储量的分布特征和油源对比资料的分析认为,晚侏罗纪烃源岩是墨西哥湾南部最主要的烃源岩。资料显示,晚侏罗纪优质烃源岩形成的主控因素是稳定的构造和沉积条件以及超咸的还原环境,其中,"世界顶级"的晚侏罗纪提塘阶烃源岩主要形成于超咸的碳酸盐岩和/或蒸发岩沉积环境,属半深海还原环境,有机质以藻类为主,推测烃源岩中的有机质可能与极端干旱气候条件下的藻类勃发有关。  相似文献   

Tectonic evolution of the Cape and Karoo basins of South Africa   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Anthony Tankard  Herman Welsink  Peter Aukes  Robert Newton  Edgar Stettler 《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2009,26(8):1379-1412

The Cape and Karoo basins formed within the continental interior of Gondwana. Subsidence resulted from the vertical motion of rigid basement blocks and intervening crustal faults. Each basin episode records a three-stage evolution consisting of crustal uplift, fault-controlled subsidence, and long periods of regional subsidence largely unaccompanied by faulting or erosional truncation. The large-scale episodes of subsidence were probably the result of lithospheric deflection due to subduction-driven mantle flow. The early Paleozoic Cape basin records the combined effects of a north-dipping intra-crustal décollement (a late Neoproterozoic suture) and a right-stepping offset between thick Rio de la Plata craton and Namaqua basement. Following the Saldanian orogeny, a suite of small rift basins and their post-rift drape formed at this releasing stepover. Great thicknesses of quartz sandstone (Ordovician–Silurian) and mudstone (Devonian) accumulation are attributed to subsidence by rheological weakening and mantle flow. In contrast, the Karoo basin is a cratonic cover that mimics the underlying basement blocks. The Permian Ecca and lower Beaufort groups were deposited in a southward-deepening ramp syncline by extensional decoupling on the intra-crustal décollement. Reflection seismic and deep-burial diagenetic studies indicate that the Cape orogeny started in the Early Triassic. Deformation was partitioned into basement-involved strike-slip faults and thin-skinned thrusting. Uplift of the Namaqua basement resulted in erosion of the Beaufort cover. East of the Cape fold belt, contemporaneous subsidence and tilting of the Natal basement created a late Karoo transtensional foreland basin, the Stormberg depocentre. Early Jurassic tectonic resetting and continental flood basalts terminated the Karoo basin.  相似文献   

Interactions between submarine channel systems and deformation in deepwater fold belts: Examples from the Levant Basin, Eastern Mediterranean sea   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Ian R. Clark  Joseph A. Cartwright 《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2009,26(8):1465-1482

Submarine channel levee systems form important hydrocarbon reservoirs in many deep marine settings and are often deposited within a structurally active setting. This study focuses on recent submarine channels that developed within a deepwater fold and thrust belt setting from the Levant Basin, eastern Mediterranean Sea. Compressional deformation within the study area is driven by the up-dip collapse of the Nile cone above the ductile Messinian Evaporites. Structures such as folds and strike slip faults exert a strong control on channel location and development over time. From this study four end-member submarine channel–structure interactions can be defined: Confinement, diversion, deflection and blocking. Each of these channel–structure interactions results in a distinct submarine channel morphology and pattern of development compared to unconfined channel levee systems. Each interaction can also be used to assess timing relationships between submarine channel development and deformation.  相似文献