基于加卸载响应比理论的降雨型滑坡预警研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

邬凯  盛谦  张勇慧 《地震学刊》2011,(6):632-636

在建立边坡远程实时监测系统并获得变形与降雨量连续监测数据的基础上,运用加卸载响应比理论的基本原理,提出以一用为加卸载周期、将日降雨量及其变化作为边坡的加卸载参数、相应的日平均变形速率及其变化值为加卸载响应参数,建立了基于加卸栽响应比的降雨型滑坡短周期预警模型。以某公路边坡为例,运用加卸载响应比预测模型对边坡的2个监测点进行了加卸载响应比计算,发现2个点的加卸载响应比时序曲线与其稳定性动态演化规律相吻合。研究结果表明,可以运用该模型进行降雨型滑坡短周期预测预警。  相似文献   

金沙江水电站工程区典型单体滑坡风险评价探讨     

沈娜  唐川 《云南地理环境研究》2008,20(1):45-51

在对金沙江流域内的部分大型水电站工程区内的滑坡分析基础上,以两个滑坡为例,针对水电站工程区讨论了单体滑坡的风险评价方法。选取滑坡稳定性,规模和可能造成的涌浪高度3个指标进行危险性评价;并且定性地将大坝的易损性确定为高、中、低三个等级。在此基础上,对研究区的牛滚函滑坡和东岳庙滑坡进行了危险性分析和易损性评价,得出这两个单体滑坡的风险分析结果：牛滚函滑坡为低度风险,东岳庙滑坡为中度风险。研究成果为水电站工程区滑坡减灾防灾与风险管理提供了科学依据。  相似文献   

基于数值模拟的三峡库区典型堆积层滑坡变形预测方法     

晏鄂川  朱大鹏  宋琨  林云钿 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2012,42(2):422-429

目前对堆积层滑坡的变形预测大多基于数学模型或方法,忽略了引起滑坡位移显著变化的动力外因及滑坡自身的地质特征,因此,预报准确度和可信度较低。以三峡库区典型堆积层滑坡--鹤峰场镇滑坡为例,通过4组主要控制因素科学组合构建了滑坡的基本地质模型;以此为基础,重点考虑引起滑坡发生变形的库水作用动力因素,建立滑坡的数值-力学模型。通过实际监测点的变形监测结果与数值-力学模型中模型监测点的变形进行拟合分析,获取了实际时间与数值-力学模型中时步的等效关系;基于时间-时步等效关系及三峡水库设计水位调度曲线,得到了不同时步水位的波动特征;通过时步的外延,并在相应的时步段对数值-力学模型施加等效时间的库水作用,预测了滑坡在未来库水位变动条件下的变形。该预测方法既考虑了滑坡的工程地质模型又考虑了地下水作用效应,克服了纯数学方法预测的不足。  相似文献   

滑坡降雨阈值模型的应用     

何玉琼  徐则民  王志奇  张勇 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2012,42(4):1112-1118

在数字高程模型（DEM）的基础上,运用滑坡降雨阈值模型,以楚雄丁家坟一斜坡作为试验研究工点,结合现场勘察、监测数据以及斜坡岩土体主要特性、地形地貌、降雨强度与降雨持续时间、地下水位等因素,模拟斜坡单元产生潜在滑动时的临界降雨量,研究降雨对滑坡发生、分布的影响。研究结果表明：各斜坡单元产生潜在滑动时的临界降雨量各不相同,在不同的降雨量及地下水位条件下滑坡降雨阈值模型模拟的潜在滑坡位置主要位于楚勐公路下边坡处,与实际发生滑坡的位置吻合率达80%以上,滑坡降雨阈值模型可实现对斜坡稳定性进行可视化分析与预测,为降雨型滑坡提供一种有效的预测与分析方法。  相似文献   

Gigantic low-gradient landslides in the northern periphery of the Crimean Mountains (Ukraine)     

Tom&#x; Pnek  Jan Hradecký  Veronika Smolkov  Karel &#x;ilhn 《Geomorphology》2008,95(3-4):449-473

Large-scale, low-gradient ancient landslides estimated at 5.4–18.9 km² in area and  0.2–1.2 km³ in volume have been studied in the northern hilly periphery of the Crimean Mountains (Ukraine). They originated on slopes along wide water gaps of rivers (Belbek, Kacha, Alma and Biyuk–Karasu) crossing the cuestas of the northern foothills. The slopes generally consist of slightly northward tilting Miocene (mainly Sarmatian) limestones overlying weak, clay-rich Lower Neogene–Palaeogene substratum with a significant content of smectite. Although the region is characterised by the least active contemporary morphodynamics within the Crimean Mountains, the landslides which were studied are of the same size or even larger than various types of landslides occupying active geomorphic domains of the highest mountain range in the southernmost part of the peninsula. The landslides are generally a spreading type, but the sliding mechanics were probably very complex, involving toppling, rotational slides, gravitational folding and translational block slides. All the landslides which were studied are located in the vicinity of regional faults and three of them have headscarps aligned along faults. A common feature is also a location close (within several km) to the Mesozoic suture zone which is the most important tectonic feature in the northern periphery of the Crimean Orogene. This suture was formerly classified as aseismic; however, evidence of strong, low-frequency palaeoearthquakes was collected during the last decade within both the Mesozoic suture and the low-lying northern part of the Crimean Peninsula. Radiocarbon dating of deposits associated with the landslides has revealed at least two phases of increased landslide-activity during the Late Glacial chronozone and Holocene epoch. The main landslide phase presumably took place at some time between the Late Glacial and Atlantic chronozones. Minor reactivation of landslide toes occurred during the Subatlantic chronozone and some of them have been active up to recent times. The first major landslide phase was possibly triggered by an earthquake, whereas late Holocene activity can be attributed both to seismic and hydroclimatic factors.  相似文献   

激光雷达测量技术在地学中的若干应用   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

马洪超 《地球科学》2011,36(2):347-354

对激光雷达测量技术在全球冰川监测、局部断裂带提取、滑坡监测和稳定性评价以及海岸线提取和海岸侵蚀等方面的应用做了较为全面的综述.作为一种新型的对地观测手段,激光雷达(含星载、机载、车载和地面)的应用已经从传统的测绘扩大到包括文物保护在内的诸多其他应用领域.所综述的激光雷达技术在地学研究中的4个应用方面,是传统地学研究中与全球变化和人居环境最为密切的方向.分析表明,激光雷达技术在这些研究方向中的应用大有作为.   相似文献   

双排抗滑桩在三种典型滑坡的计算与受力规律分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨波  郑颖人  赵尚毅  李安洪 《岩土力学》2010,31(Z1):237-244

传统的抗滑桩计算方法存在很多问题,特别是双排抗滑桩更加无法计算,不能计算出作用在双排抗滑桩上的抗力和推力的分布规律,往往是凭借主观经验分析解决,常常会造成不合理的浪费。采用强度折减的有限元法,讨论了两排桩在3种不同类型滑坡中,在不同的折减系数下随排距的变化,两排桩的桩前抗力、桩后推力、实际承担推力等的变化规律,得出了一系列关于双排桩合理受力与设桩位置的建议。由于讨论了不同类型的情况,所以结论具有普遍性,能为工程设计提供依据。  相似文献   

Influence of anthropogenic land‐use change on hillslope erosion in the Waipaoa River Basin,New Zealand          下载免费PDF全文

Corina Cerovski‐Darriau  Joshua J. Roering 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2016,41(15):2167-2176

European settlement of the Poverty Bay Region resulted in deforestation and conversion of > 90% of the landscape to pastureland. The resulting loss of vegetation triggered a rapid increase in hillslope erosion as widespread landslide complexes and gully systems developed on weak lithologic units in the Waipaoa Basin. To quantify the rate and volume of historic hillslope degradation, we used a 1956–2010 sequence of aerial photographs for a ~16 km² catchment to map temporal changes in the spatial extent of active landslides. Then we created a ‘turf index’ based on the extent and style of pastoral ground disruption, which correlates with downslope velocity. Based on the movement of trees and other features, we assigned average velocities to the turf classes as follows: (1) minimal disrupted ground: 0.6 m/yr, (2) a mix of disrupted ground and intact blocks: 3.4 m/yr, and (3) no intact blocks or vegetation: > 6 m/yr. We then calculated the average annual sediment flux using these turf‐derived velocities, the width of the landslide‐channel intersection, and an average toe depth of 4.4 ± 1.3 m (mean ± standard deviation [SD]) from 37 field measurements. The resulting catchment averaged erosion rates are (mean ± SD): 29.9 ± 12.9 mm/yr (1956), 28.8 ± 13.7 mm/yr (1969), 13.4 ± 4.9 mm/yr (1979), 17.0 ± 6.2 mm/yr (1988), and 9.9 ± 3.6 mm/yr (2010). Compared with long‐term (post‐18 ka) erosion rates (1.6 mm/yr) and the long‐term uplift rate (~1 mm/yr) for this site, the 50‐year anthropogenically‐driven rate is an order of magnitude larger (~20 mm/yr). Previously, we measured an increase in erosion over the past 3.4 kyr (2.2 mm/yr), and here, we demonstrate this increase could be primarily due to human land‐use change – showing that a century of rapid erosion superimposed on the background geologic rate can profoundly skew the interpretation of erosion rates. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

天水市麦积区幅黄土滑坡发育分布特征及其孕灾因素分析     

田尤  杨为民  黄晓  刘廷  李浩  向灵芝  程小杰 《地质力学学报》2016,22(1):25-38

基于野外调查和室内资料综合整理, 对天水市麦积区幅范围内438处体积大于1×104 m3的黄土滑坡进行了分类统计对比分析。研究结果表明, 麦积区幅内黄土滑坡具有空间上发育不均衡, 时间上多期活动的特点, 表现为区域上黄土滑坡分布不均匀, 各区域滑坡体平均厚度差异大, 滑坡多沿沟谷呈不对称带状分布, 滑坡多发育在坡度为15°—30°斜坡上等。受地质构造、地形地貌、地层岩性等环境地质条件控制, 幅内滑坡主要是因地震和降雨诱发形成。   相似文献   

多排抗滑桩设计中的推力分担比模拟   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李云华  傅小茜  王珣 《岩土工程技术》2009,23(4):197-200,209

山区铁路修建过程中,大型滑坡常采用多排抗滑桩的工程措施进行加固治理。目前常规的计算方法无法准确计算出作用在每排抗滑桩上的推力大小以及分担比。以ANSYS大型数值有限元软件为手段,以六沾线曹家山滑坡为研究对象。通过进行数值计算的方式得到作用在每排抗滑桩上的推力大小,并统计出相应每排桩所承担的滑坡下滑推力比,该方法为抗滑桩的最终结构计算提供更为科学、合理的依据,从而避免了原方法存在的种种局限性,为多排抗滑桩的设计提供了一种行之有效的解决办法。  相似文献