Using δN values in algal tissue to map locations and potential sources of anthropogenic nutrient inputs on the island of Maui, Hawai‘i, USA     

Meghan L. Dailer  Robin S. Knox  Jennifer E. Smith 《Marine pollution bulletin》2010,60(5):655-671

Macroalgal blooms of Hypnea musciformis and Ulvafasciata in coastal waters of Maui only occur in areas of substantial anthropogenic nutrient input, sources of which include wastewater effluent via injection wells, leaking cesspools and agricultural fertilizers. Algal δ¹⁵N signatures were used to map anthropogenic nitrogen through coastal surveys (island-wide and fine-scale) and algal deployments along nearshore and offshore gradients. Algal δ¹⁵N values of 9.8‰ and 2.0-3.5‰ in Waiehu and across the north-central coast, respectively, suggest that cesspool and agricultural nitrogen reached the respective adjacent coastlines. Effluent was detected in areas proximal to the Wastewater Reclamation Facilities (WWRF) operating Class V injection wells in Lahaina, Kihei and Kahului through elevated algal δ¹⁵N values (17.8-50.1‰). From 1997 to 2008, the three WWRFs injected an estimated total volume of 193 million cubic meters (51 billion gallons) of effluent with a nitrogen mass of 1.74 million kilograms (3.84 million pounds).  相似文献   

MODFLOW中两种模拟混合井流问题方法的耦合   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

王全荣  唐仲华  翟莉娟 《水文地质工程地质》2010,37(3):23-26

对于无(弱)水力联系的多含水层,混合井改变了含水层的结构,通过井筒将无(弱)水力联系的含水层联通。对于大区域井流问题数值模拟,MODFLOW中显式流量分配法和"High Kv in Wellblock"法的假设条件都很难得到满足,将两者耦合起来拓展其适用范围。采用质量守恒定理和Darcy定律计算井网格的平均等效渗透系数,结合显式流量分配法模拟混合井流问题。最后,通过两个典型算例来验证该方法的合理性,其中一个算例是非完整井穿透相邻的两个含水层,另一个算例是完整井穿透两个含水层,且中间有隔水层。将耦合法的计算结果与显式流量分配法对比,结果表明:只有在第一个例子中当水流达到稳定时,两种方法的计算结果几乎相同,且井网格的水头差很小;而其它情况两者的差别很明显,且采用流量分配法计算井网格的水头差大于耦合法计算井网格的水头差。根据Neville等的相关结论可知采用耦合法对于文中的两个例子都比较合理。  相似文献   

Improvement on the estimation of constant-rate drawdown in large-diameter wells     

Y.C. Chang  C.T. Wang 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(3):716-727

Abstract

Papadopulos and Cooper's (PC) solution can be used to describe the drawdown resulting from pumping with a constant rate at a large-diameter well. However, this solution is too complicated to be accurately evaluated due to the oscillatory nature of the Bessel functions. The PC approach resulted in tabulated values of dimensionless drawdown at the well with an accuracy of four or fewer digits for selected values of dimensionless storage coefficient versus dimensionless time. Some researchers have fitted the tabulated values with interpolation formulas that are easy to use in engineering applications. Those formulas may be more accurate if the tabulated values are computed with greater accuracy. In this study, we propose an efficient numerical procedure, including a root search scheme, to find the roots of the integrand, Gaussian quadrature for numerical integration, and Shanks transform to accelerate convergence of infinite series. The proposed procedure can evaluate the dimensionless drawdown with greater accuracy and is useful in practice if there is a need for high accuracy for the observation either at the well or in the aquifer at some distance from the pumping well

Editor D. Koutsoyiannis

Citation Chang, Y.C., Yeh, H.D., and Wang, C.T., 2013. Improvement on the estimation of constant-rate drawdown in large-diameter wells. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 58 (3), 716–727.  相似文献   

Horizontal rough fracture type curves for groundwater movement     

《水文科学杂志》2013,58(6):1125-1138

Abstract

Type curves are derived analytically for radial flow in rough horizontal fractures toward a well. The basic assumptions are that there is no turbulent flow near the borehole and the well storage is ignored. The basis of the methodology is to write explicit expressions for the continuity and cubic law flow equations, which are combined using a Boltzmann transformation leading to a simple ordinary differential equation for groundwater movement. Solutions are presented as a set of type curves for different fracture apertures. It is observed that the solutions provide a method of uniquely identifying fracture hydraulic parameters when the fracture is smooth, but pose ambiguity for rough fracture parameter estimations. However, large time portions of these type curves appear as straight lines on semi-logarithmic paper, which provides a unique way for rough fracture parameter determination. Identification of the fracture parameters, namely, the aperture and relative roughness, is possible in a unique manner with the use of these lines and the dimensionless time drawdown concept. The cubic law is the asymptotic behaviour, either for large times or large fracture apertures. Prior to this asymptotic part, there is a non-cubic portion which gives rise to systematic deviations from the cubic law. The technique presented is useful, especially for evaluating pumping tests from a single major fracture isolated by packers.  相似文献   

基岩水井水力分段压裂增水技术研究与应用          下载免费PDF全文

李小杰  叶成明  李炳平  解伟  潘德元 《探矿工程》2012,39(Z1):56-61

随着我国社会、经济的快速发展和人民生活水平的不断提高,水资源供需矛盾日益突出。特别近几年,我国西南、西北、华北等许多地区发生持续干旱,当地的人畜用水极度困难。抗旱找水打井工作十分迫切。针对我国基岩水井取水存在部分水井出水量偏低的状况,从基于水井压裂机理、压裂液、压裂工艺等方面开展了分段压裂增水技术研究工作,并进行了试验。成功探索出一套适合我国国情的水文水井用水力压裂技术,为我国合理开发和利用地下水资源,缓解基岩山区水资源紧张提供了技术支撑。  相似文献   

美国地下灌注井分类与管理法规介绍     

何庆成  李采 《上海国土资源》2012,33(2):11-15,53

经过几十年的探索与实践,地下灌注在美国已成为一种成熟、经济和有效技术,被广泛地应用于工农业废物处置与民用污水处理及油气开发。按灌注液体的性质与注入位置,美国地下灌注井分为六类。本文较为详细地介绍了每类灌注井的结构、灌注液体性质、作用及应用领域,随后简要介绍了这些灌注井的管理法规与技术要求,希望对我国地下灌注技术的发展与规范化管理提供一些参考。  相似文献   

“井水不犯河水”水文地质学含义初步探讨   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘元章  武强  刘久荣  林沛  邢立亭  刘守强 《地下水》2011,(6):122-127

利用水化学及同位素水文地质学的方法,对密云水库、潮白河及位于潮白河边的2个地下水分层专门监测井进行取样测试,并结合收集相关资料,从水位、水质及氚、氘、氧-18等同位素方面进行分析研究,对中国古语“井水不犯河水”的水文地质学方面的含义进行了一定的微观层次的分析探讨.得出研究点处潮白河水对50 m外的25 m深的浅井井水有...  相似文献   

单基站CORS系统在胜利油区石油天然气井位测量中的应用     

苏艳红  刘沙 《山东地质》2011,(5):30-32,38

随着GPS技术的飞速前进,利用网络RTK技术建立的连续运行卫星定位系统已成为GPS应用的发展热点之一。通过对胜利油田单基站CORS系统的组成、功能及在胜利油区石油天然气井位测量中的应用方式及精度分析的论述,对单基站CORS系统在石油天然气井位测量中的现实意义和应用前景进行了展望。  相似文献   

雄县地热田示踪试验的解释及分析     

庞菊梅  王树芳  孙彩霞  高小荣  刘久荣 《城市地质》2011,6(2):12-17

雄县地热田在2009--2010年地热回灌期间开展了示踪试验。示踪试验过程中没有从生产井和观测井群所取水样中检测到示踪剂,但是基于生产井和回灌井之间流动通道的若干假设,对示踪剂回收的浓度及峰值的出现时间进行了模拟预测,对通道的流体流速进行了估计。并且运用水平裂隙介质模型对由于长期地热采暖尾水回灌可能引起的热储冷却进行了预测,为回灌井和生产井的合理井间距的选择,提供一定的依据。  相似文献   

倾斜煤层中不同倾向多分支井产能预测模型     

孟伟东  王延斌  李玉魁  王志华 《煤田地质与勘探》2008,36(3):27-30

煤层气分支井产能预测对区块优选、经济评价和排采生产管理等都具有重要的指导意义。根据多分支井在倾斜煤层不同钻进方式引起的分支井段及末端压降特点,回避煤层气从基质、裂隙系统运移的复杂过程,结合达西定律,分别建立了下倾钻进和上覆钻进两种方式下分支井段内与末端的压降模型、解吸半径模型和产气量预测模型。计算结果表明:这些模型能较准确地预测多分支井产能趋势,且方法简便、快捷,对现场排采工作制度具有一定指导作用。   相似文献