华北平原冬小麦根系在土壤中的分布研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

廖荣伟  刘晶淼  白月明  安顺清  梁宏  卢建立  乐章燕  曹玉静 《气象与环境学报》2014,30(5):83-89

小麦根系在土壤中的分布是准确量化植被与气候相互作用不可缺少的参数,也是小麦生产的科学管理和节水农业发展的重要科学依据。利用中国气象局固城生态环境与农业气象试验站大型根系观测系统,观测冬小麦“济麦-22”的根系参数,对根长、根长密度、根重密度和根系粗度在土壤中的垂直分布进行分析。结果表明：垂直方向上,冬小麦的根量（根长和根干重）随土壤深度增加呈减少分布。重旱、轻中旱、适宜和偏湿4种处理的根长垂直分布与自然对照的相关系数分别为0.91、0.29、0.90和0.86,其中重旱与自然对照的相关性最好,轻中旱较差。土壤水分可以影响冬小麦根系的生长。土壤水分充足时,有利于根系生长,使表层根系量增多,根干物质量增加;土壤水分亏缺时,则相反。轻度干旱有利于中下层根系的延伸生长。冬小麦的根长密度与根重密度的相关系数呈显著的正相关,根系粗度随土壤深度的增加减少。  相似文献   

边坡虹吸排水管内空气积累原因及应对措施     

孙红月  熊晓亮  尚岳全  蔡岳良 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2014,44(1):278

坡体地下水位上升是诱发滑坡的重要因素,实时排出地下水是防治边坡地质灾害的有效手段。虹吸排水具有免动力和流动过程由液位变化自动控制的物理特性,可满足实时排出坡体地下水的需要,但虹吸管中空气积累会导致虹吸过程中断,制约了边坡虹吸排水技术的推广应用。溶解于水的空气因虹吸管内压力降低而释出是形成气泡的物理基础。实验结果表明,虹吸进水口水面以上垂直高度3.5 m以上就会出现大量气泡,经过虹吸顶点后,气泡发生强烈的兼并形成大气泡。当虹吸管的进出水口的水头差较大时,气泡间的水弹容易推动气泡从出水口排出。当虹吸管直径大于5 mm时,缓慢的虹吸流动,会发生管内气泡的积累,最终破坏虹吸过程;虹吸管的直径小于4 mm时,可以形成基本稳定的弹状流。因此,为保持边坡虹吸过程长期有效,经常性降雨并且坡体地下水丰富的地区可选用直径为5 mm的虹吸管,非经常性降雨的地区应选择小于等于4 mm的虹吸管。  相似文献   

Reproductive biology of horse mackerel Trachurus capensis and Trachurus trecae in Namibia and Angola     

《African Journal of Marine Science》2013,35(2):141-150

Harvest control measures for Namibia and Angola are defined using reference points for spawning biomass, which requires knowledge of spawning potential and dynamics of fishery stocks. The reproductive biology of two species of horse mackerel, Trachurus capensis and Trachurus trecae, in these waters was investigated for spawning distribution in time and space. Samples were collected during two scientific cruises conducted in February and July/August 2007 off the coast of Namibia and Angola. A total of 396 fish ovaries was examined to determine the spawning dynamics of the two species. The ovaries were histologically analysed and their oocyte distributions mapped. The length (TL)–weight relationships of the two species differed significantly. The observed development of oocyte recruitment and absence of a hiatus in the oocyte distribution indicated that these species are indeterminate spawners. Analyses of the data from the NatMIRC database (2001–2004) indicated annual changes in gonadosomatic index (GSI) for T. capensis at different latitudes, but these changes were small. GSI also fluctuated between years and areas, but there were no clear spatial or temporal trends, with averages ≤4.0% at all stations. The GSI of both species was not indicative of the histologically determined development of gonad maturity. Oocyte maturation for T. capensis indicated that smaller and younger fish spawn first. Batch fecundity (F) for T. trecae was best described by F = 4 986 TL (cm) – 99 645 (r ² = 0.83). This study provided the first analyses of oocyte development in time and space for the two species in the region.  相似文献   

水母伞径和饵料密度对海月水母(Aurelia sp.1)捕食率的影响     

王楠  李超伦 《海洋与湖沼》2012,43(3):480-485

海月水母在全球范围内大量暴发,严重危害海洋生态系统的健康以及鱼类资源的可持续利用。本文以卤虫无节幼体为饵料,初步研究了水母伞径和饵料密度对海月水母个体捕食率的影响以及海月水母的昼夜捕食节律。研究结果表明,海月水母的伞径对其捕食率的影响极显著(P<0.01),在1—8cm范围内,随着伞径的增加个体捕食率线性增加,两者之间的关系式为y=0.044x+0.125(R2=0.9036)。饵料密度对海月水母捕食率的影响显著(P<0.05),在0.25—26.11mgC/L范围内,随饵料密度的增加个体捕食率呈线性增加趋势,关系式为y=0.508x(R2=0.958)。在饵料充足时,海月水母没有昼夜捕食节律。在高饵料密度下海月水母出现过剩捕食,但是捕食行为依然活跃。上述结果既为量化评估海月水母对浮游动物群体的捕食压力提供了基础参数,同时水母过剩捕食行为说明依据生物量和代谢率的推算结果可能低估自然海域水母队浮游动物的捕食压力。  相似文献   

山东平邑石膏矿矿难大口径救援钻孔施工技术          下载免费PDF全文

杨涛  杜兵建 《探矿工程》2017,44(5):19-23

2015年“12.25”平邑矿难钻孔救援是我国首例通过钻孔救生的成功案例。由于地层不断坍塌变形,导致了复杂地层条件的产生,给救援钻孔的施工带来极大困难。针对这一特殊情况,采用空气反循环钻井工艺技术,处理钻孔事故时采用气举反循环工艺技术。总结了大口径钻孔施工经验,对今后施工大口径救援钻孔提出有待改进的问题和建议。  相似文献   

小口径岩心钻探海上施工安全风险管控   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

孙宏晶  刘治 《探矿工程》2017,44(10):88-89,92

小口径岩心钻探海上施工不同于陆地,要借助海上钻探平台作为实施场地进行施工。因其施工环境中风、浪等自然因素所占影响比例较大,其交通运输、施工过程、人员安全防护等都较陆地施工有很大区别。为保证海上岩心钻探施工安全,通过对比分析海上与陆地施工的危险源异同,经过危险源辨识、评价、控制等3个步骤,从技术与管理2个角度,就平台搭建及拆除、施工过程、海上交通、人身防护等方面对海上施工风险进行系统化管理,确保安全施工。  相似文献   

Channel change at Toudaoguai Station and its responses to the operation of upstream reservoirs in the upper Yellow River     

RAN Lishan  WANG Suiji  FAN Xiaoli 《地理学报》2010,20(2):231-247

The application of dams built upstream will change the input conditions, including water and sediment, of downstream fluvial system, and destroy previous dynamic quasi-equilibrium reached by channel streamflow, so indispensable adjustments are necessary for downstream channel to adapt to the new water and sediment supply, leading the fluvial system to restore its previous equilibrium or reach a new equilibrium. Using about 50-year-long hydrological, sedimentary and cross-sectional data, temporal response processes of Toudaoguai cross-section located in the upper Yellow River to the operation of reservoirs built upstream are analyzed. The results show that the Toudaoguai cross-section change was influenced strongly by upstream reservoir operation and downstream channel bed armoring thereafter occurred gradually and extended to the reach below Sanhuhekou gauging station. Besides, median diameter of suspended sediment load experienced a three-stage change that is characterized by an increase at first, then a decrease and an increase again finally, which reflects the process of channel bed armoring that began at Qingtongxia reservoir and then gradually developed downstream to the reach below Sanhuhekou cross-section. Since the joint operation strategy of Longyangxia, Liujiaxia and Qingtongxia reservoirs was introduced in 1986, the three-stage change trend has become less evident than that in the time period between 1969 and 1986 when only Qingtongxia and Liujiaxia reservoirs were put into operation alone. In addition, since 1987, the extent of lateral migration and thalweg elevation change at Toudaoguai cross-section has reduced dramatically, cross-sectional profile and location tended to be stable, which is beneficial to the normal living for local people.  相似文献   

电力隧道超大直径顶管施工扰动特性研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

丁文其  袁森林  高小庆  谢东武 《岩土力学》2010,31(9):2901-2906

由于顶管工程在经济方面的优势以及控制周围环境水平的提升,而得到广泛应用,但目前顶管扰动特性方面的研究多数限于中小顶管,未考虑超大直径顶管的特殊性。对上海世博电力电缆隧道顶管施工进行了现场监测,并主要分析了水-土压力变化曲线,测试结果反映了超大直径顶管顶进5阶段的扰动特性。工程经验表明,超大直径长距离顶进成功的主要作用因素有3个：泥浆套作用、开挖面控制和姿态动态调整。最后对泥浆套在顶管中的形成过程以及扰动作用机制进行了研究,泥浆套在注入、泥膜形成以及整体发挥作用的过程中具备填充、支承、隔阻、润滑等作用。  相似文献   

大直径盾构隧道扩挖地铁车站的力学性能研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

丁德云  鲁卫东  杨秀仁  刘维宁  颜莓 《岩土力学》2010,31(Z2):281-287

日益复杂的地铁建设环境使得地铁线路布置困难、施工风险加大,同时对施工方法也提出了更为严格的要求。采用大直径盾构建造地铁单洞双线区间并在盾构隧道基础上小规模扩挖形成车站是解决复杂环境下地铁建设的一种新思路。以北京地铁14号线高家园站为背景,提出了在外径10 m的大直径盾构隧道基础上采用CRD(Cross Diaphragm)法扩挖地铁车站的两种方案,利用“地层-结构”相互作用有限元法模拟了车站扩挖施工过程,研究了结构体系的受力转换规律。结果表明：在扩挖施工中,结构受力转换频繁;结构体系的最大轴向应力位置由管片环转移到初期支护,最大剪应力位置转移到封顶块管片;管片环由受压状态为主转向受剪状态为主,初期支护、中隔板、梁柱及临时支撑以受压状态为主;封顶块管片和顶梁上部翼缘处的应力较大,应对这些位置进行加强处理。  相似文献   

梧桐庄矿大直径排水孔工程钻探施工技术     

和新  尹丽  吴云莺 《探矿工程》2009,36(5):33-35

介绍了梧桐庄矿区孔深646m、终孔直径526mm两口排水孔的钻探施工技术。该2口排水孔深度大,孔径大,垂直度要求高,地层软硬互层变化较大,易缩径,穿层钻进时易形成孔斜,施工难度大,通过采用先用小径钻进、后扩孔的施工方法,并采取合理的钻具组合和泥浆,制定有效的防斜技术措施等,顺利完成排水孔施工,施工质量满足设计要求。  相似文献