甘肃地区一维速度模型计算研究          下载免费PDF全文

尹欣欣  杨立明  陈继锋  王祖东  高永国 《地震工程学报》2017,39(1):154-159

采用2009年1月1日—2014年6月甘肃省境内所有地震的震相数据,分类拟合计算该地区一维速度模型,计算结果显示,利用少量震级较大地震数据来拟合的速度结果近似于用所有地震拟合结果。拟合得出新模型初步结果后,再从所有地震资料中选定台站包围好、震相标识规范的142个地震,利用Hyposat定位方法来计算莫霍面深度,参考其他模型的莫霍面深度,综合分析后在一定的扰动范围内通过Hyposat批处理程序进行迭代定位,对8 640次计算模型做残差对比,最终选取残差最小模型作为新模型,此模型除部分参数有较小的差别外与甘青模型基本一致。  相似文献   

A one‐dimensional process‐based approach to study reservoir sediment dynamics during management operations          下载免费PDF全文

Lucie Guertault  Benoit Camenen  André Paquier  Christophe Peteuil 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2018,43(2):373-386

A comprehensive understanding of the dynamics of erosion and sedimentation in reservoirs under different management conditions is required to anticipate sedimentation issues and implement effective sediment management strategies. This paper describes a unique approach combining fluvial geomorphology tools and morphodynamic modeling for analyzing the sediment dynamics of an elongated hydropower reservoir subjected to management operations: the Génissiat Reservoir on the Rhône River. Functional sub‐reaches representative of the reservoir morphodynamics were delineated by adapting natural river segmentation methods to elongated reservoirs. The segmentation revealed the link between the spatial and temporal reservoir changes and the variability of longitudinal flow conditions during reservoir management operations. An innovative modeling strategy, incorporating the reservoir segmentation into two sediment transport codes, was implemented to simulate the dynamics of erosion and sedimentation at the reach scale during historic events. One code used a bedload approach, based on the Exner equation with a transport capacity formula, and the other used a suspended load approach based on the advection–dispersion equation. This strategy provided a fair quantification of the dynamics of erosion and sedimentation at the reach scale during different management operations. This study showed that the reservoir morphodynamics is controlled by bedload transport in upper reaches, graded suspended load transport of sand in middle reaches and suspended load transport of fine sediments in lower reaches. Eventually, it allowed a better understanding of the impact of dam management on sediment dynamics. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

基于北京一号卫星影像的建筑阴影测量建筑高度的应用研究     

赵宏  张志华  胡新宇  丁琳 《北京测绘》2010,(2):38-40

在分析遥感影像建筑物阴影与实际高度关系的基础上,阐述了依据影像阴影估算城市建筑物高度的原理和方法,设计了一种基于影像建筑物阴影特征快速提取高程信息的技术方法。在使用北京一号影像数据的试验中,70%的有阴影楼房测量误差在4米以内。  相似文献   

四川地区一维地壳速度模型研究     

王宇航  唐淋  黄春梅  傅莺  蒋波  管勇 《四川地震》2019,(3):8-12

本文以四川地震台网2009~2014年的编目报告为基础,选择定位精度为1且记录台站数大于30的地震,筛选去除其中因定位深度误差或者空隙角偏大而造成的异常结果,验证了数据的合理性和稳定性;优选出47个地震,对其重新判读,结合折合走时调整以及Hyposat批处理方法,得到了适应四川地区地震的平均速度模型;并利用人工爆破事件、PTD方法的地震定位结果进行对比,分析使用不同模型时的结果差异。  相似文献   

硫酸盐渍土含水率单次递减条件下的盐胀特性     

曹亚鹏  文桃  米海珍  周凤玺  杨鹏 《岩土力学》2018,39(3):881-888

为探究硫酸盐渍土在含水率递减下的盐胀特性,通过自主设计的试验装置,在室内开展了11组含水率单次递减下的盐胀试验,共历时2 868 h。结果表明：在含水率单次递减下硫酸盐渍土的起胀含盐量约为1.2%。含盐量<1.2%时,土体干缩,干缩量与含盐量近似呈下凸的二次抛物线规律,且干缩峰值含盐量约为0.5%;含盐量≥1.2%时,土体膨胀,且盐胀率与含盐量近似呈线性增大规律。盐胀敏感含水率区间受含盐量影响很小,含盐量从1.5%增至4.0%,盐胀敏感含水率区间基本稳定。此外,含水率递减速率与含盐量呈负相关规律,同一含盐量的硫酸盐渍土,其含水率的递减速率随含水率的降低亦减慢。基于以上试验结果,进一步开展了4组单次降温下的盐胀对比试验,结果表明：含盐量升高时,起胀温度区间逐渐升高,盐胀敏感温度区间的区间范围逐渐扩大。单次降温下的盐胀率均高于含水率单次递减下的盐胀率,且随着含盐量的升高两试验条件下的盐胀率差值趋于一常数。研究结果对西北地区高含盐量的残余型硫酸盐渍土地基的盐胀性评价具有重要指导意义。  相似文献   

A study on one-dimensional consolidation of layered structured aquitard soils in a leakage system     

An-Feng Hu  Hao Wu  Kang-He Xie  Ling-Han Yan 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2017,35(3):318-329

Analytical solutions expressed using the hydraulic head for the one-dimensional consolidation of layered structured aquitard soils in a leakage system are deduced by transforming the n-layered structured soils into n + i (i = 1,2,…, n)-layered soils with gradually changing thicknesses, therein considering the behaviors of structured aquitard soils. The solutions are given in the case of instantaneous and linear decreasing confined aquifer water levels. By comparing three different examples, the effects of the structured behaviors on the consolidation characteristics are analyzed for the instantaneous decline of the confined aquifer water level.  相似文献   

一阶弹性波方程数值模拟中的混合吸收边界条件   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

任志明  刘洋 《地球物理学报》2014,57(2):595-606

Liu和Sen（2010和2012）在地震波场数值模拟中提出一种混合吸收边界条件. 该方法具有计算量小、容易实现及吸收效果好等优点. 但现有的混合吸收边界条件是针对二阶位移-应力方程设计的,存在稳定性问题. 本文首先推导了两种速度-应力单程波方程：二阶Higdon单程波方程和一阶Higdon单程波方程. 进而提出基于一阶弹性波方程的混合吸收边界条件方法. 在内部区域和边界之间引入一个过渡区域,通过单程波与双程波方程平滑过渡来消除人工边界反射. 为了改善混合吸收边界条件的吸收效果和稳定性,我们采用了能同时吸收纵、横波反射的一阶单程波方程和与变量位置有关的加权系数. 为了验证混合吸收边界条件的有效性,将其与常规分裂完全匹配层（PML）方法进行了比较. 数值模拟结果表明,与PML边界条件相比,混合吸收边界条件在耗用更小计算时间和存储量的前提下,可以获得更好的吸收效果. 另外,本文提出的两种混合吸收边界条件中,混合一阶Higdon吸收边界条件具有更好的稳定性.  相似文献   

渤南洼陷深层(沙三/沙四段)原油-水-岩石相互作用模拟实验研究   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

宫秀梅  曾溅辉  金之钧 《沉积学报》2005,23(3):420-428

为了能更好地研究地层温压条件下原油-水-岩石相互作用发生的化学变化及其对成藏条件特别是储层物性等的影响,结合渤南洼陷深层的成藏条件及流体动力系统等特征,进行物理实验模拟。结果表明:1)在一定的温压条件下(温度120℃、压力45MPa)岩石及实验后的原油化学成分及生物标志物均发生了变化。油样的饱和烃含量增加,沥青质+非烃含量明显降低;油砂的饱和烃含量沿实验装置从下到上逐渐增加,最高值达62.22%,沥青质+非烃含量由40.55%下降到12.78%。实验样品的生物标志物及族组成显示油沿着实验装置从下向上运移过程中发生了地质色层效应。2)原油-水-岩石相互作用以溶蚀作用为主,并随原油在实验本体内从下向上的运移而逐渐增强。溶蚀作用的结果改善了普遍以低孔低渗为特征的深部储层的物性,为深层油气的运移和保存提供了有效空间。  相似文献   

Behavior of soil plugs in open‐ended model piles driven into sands     

Kyu‐Ho Paik  Seung‐Rae Lee 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2013,31(4):353-373

Calibration chamber tests were conducted on open‐ended model piles driven into dried siliceous sands with different soil conditions in order to clarify the effect of soil conditions on load transfer mechanism in the soil plug. The model pile used in the test series was devised so that the bearing capacity of an open‐ended pile could be measured as three components: outside shaft resistance, plug resistance, and tip resistance. Under the assumption that the unit shaft resistance due to pile‐soil plug interaction varies linearly near the pile tip, the plug resistance was estimated. The plug capacity, which was defined as the plug resistance at ultimate condition, is mainly dependent on the ambient lateral pressure and relative density. The length of wedged plug that transfers the load decreases with the decrease of relative density, but it is independent of the ambient pressure and penetration depth. Under several assumptions, the value of earth pressure coefficient in the soil plug can be calculated. It gradually reduces with increase in the longitudinal distance from the pile tip. At the bottom of the soil plug, it tends to decrease with increase in the penetration depth and relative density, and to increase with the increase of ambient pressure. This may be attributed to (1) the decrease of friction angle as a result of increase in the effective vertical stress, (2) the difference in the dilation degree of the soil plug during driving with ambient pressures, and (3) the difference in compaction degree of soil plug during driving with relative densities. Based on the test results, an empirical equation was suggested to compute the earth pressure coefficient to be used in the calculation of plug capacity using one‐dimensional analysis, and it produces proper plug capacities for all soil conditions.  相似文献   

3S在耕地保护动态监管中的关键技术研究          下载免费PDF全文

李浩 《山东国土资源》2017,33(10)

随着3S技术的发展和逐渐成熟,应用也越来越多,该文主要利用RS技术快速获取遥感卫星影像数据,利用GPS技术获取动态监测数据,利用GIS的可视化技术和强大的空间分析功能,整合建立全省整治项目数据库,依托于省国土资源内网,遵循山东省国土资源系统"一个平台,两个市场"实施方案技术要求,充分利用现有网络、软硬件等基础设施,建立省、市、县三级国土资源耕地保护管理全业务、全流程的网上运行和全程监管机制,构建全省统一的耕地保护动态监管网络体系,实现了对耕地保护的动态监管,为耕地的"先补后占,占补平衡"提供了可靠的保障。  相似文献