基于模糊数学评价法优化凡纳滨对虾真空微波干燥工艺     

段少奇  吉宏武  张迪  董行  许佳音  宋文奎  刘书成  郝记明  苏伟明 《广东海洋大学学报》2021,(2)

【目的】探求真空微波干燥凡纳滨对虾的最佳工艺条件,以期为开发凡纳滨对虾即食食品提供技术参考。【方法】以新鲜凡纳滨对虾为原料,模糊数学感官评分为主要考察指标,在单因素试验基础上,选择载装量A、功率B、真空度C为自变量,利用响应面法和模糊数学评价法对真空微波干燥工艺进行优化。【结果】以感官评定为基础对真空微波干燥凡纳滨对虾的品质进行权重分析,得到权重集K=(色泽0.335,滋味0.305,香气0.215,组织质地0.145)。建立二次多项回归方程:Y=84.588+1.084A+1.409B+1.700C-7.353A²-8.793B²-13.860C²,显示载装量A、功率B、真空度C对感官评分有极显著影响(P<0.01)。通过响应面分析,得到真空微波干燥凡纳滨对虾的最佳工艺条件:载装量75 g,加热功率400 W,真空度0.08 MPa。在此条件下,真空微波干燥凡纳滨对虾品质良好,感官评分为(85.6±0.07)分,与预测值85.92分误差较小。【结论】响应面法优化凡纳滨对虾真空微波干燥工艺具有操作简单、优化条件精确、结果显示直观等优点;建立的回归方程能反映装载量等三个因素对指标的影响规律,并可进行实际预测。  相似文献   

中国人—野猪冲突时空特征及对生态系统“反服务”的启示     

王亚辉  杨遨郗  杨庆媛  孔祥斌  樊辉 《地理学报》2023,78(1):163-176

中国农村社会经济转型背景下,生态系统“反服务”现象频现,如何协同生态保护与社会经济发展面临巨大挑战。本文基于收集的733件典型人—野猪冲突（又称野猪“肇事”）事件资料,采用荟萃分析法研究了2000—2021年中国野猪“肇事”事件的时空分布、危害和驱动因素。在此期间,野猪“肇事”的数量、空间范围和危害程度均呈递增趋势,涉及省、市和区（县）数量分别由初期的18个、41个和67个增至近期的25个、147个和399个,相应增幅分别为39%、259%和496%。其中2005年以前野猪“肇事”集中在重庆市和湖北省中西部,之后向四周扩张,2015年以后集中在四川盆地、黄土高原、长江中下游以及长白山等丘陵山区,表现形式以破坏农作物、侵害家禽和致人伤亡为主,尤以对农作物的破坏并导致耕地撂荒最为普遍,并伴随致人伤亡事件的快速增加,约占“肇事”总数量的1/4(23.66%)。目前情况下,野猪“肇事”蔓延趋势和危害性是一种典型的生态系统“反服务”现象,这种现象的加剧是生态恢复、禁猎政策、农地与生态用地界线不清、野猪生存力强且缺少天敌等因素的综合作用结果,对撂荒地利用、农户生计改善以及区域生态安全维持已构成明显...  相似文献   

中国产业结构优化路径与碳排放趋势预测   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

朱永彬  王铮 《地理科学进展》2014,33(12):1579-1586

中国已进入产业结构深度调整时期,同时产业升级也是减排的主要途径之一.为此,本文通过构建分部门跨期优化模型,以需求驱动和产业部门供给为基础,假设中国的消费偏好模式不断向发达国家(如美国、欧盟和日本)趋近,对消费偏好导向下的产业结构优化方向及碳排放趋势进行了模拟研究.结果显示,中国的农业和衣食制造部门比重将呈下降趋势,其他服务业部门比重会不断提高.在中国当前消费偏好模式下,重工业、交通运输、化工和金属等高耗能部门的比重仍将增加,而转向美国消费偏好模式后,这些部门的比重都将下降.交通运输和化工部门比重在转向欧盟消费偏好模式后略有提高,转向日本偏好模式后交通运输部门比重将提高,而金属部门比重将下降.受产业结构调整和能源效率提高的影响,中国未来能源消费总量呈倒U型趋势:在中国、欧盟、日本和美国消费偏好模式驱动下,能源消费总量依次下降,对应的能源高峰在2810～2166 Mtoe之间,累积排放量在94～72.6GtC之间.美国的消费偏好模式由于倾向于低碳的服务业部门,因此更有利于节能减排.  相似文献   

A neighbor decay cellular automata approach for simulating urban expansion based on particle swarm intelligence   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Jiangfu Liao  Guofan Shao  Quanyi Qiu  Cuiping Wang  Shuanning Zheng 《International journal of geographical information science》2014,28(4):720-738

Simulation and quantitative analysis of urban land use change are effective ways to investigate urban form evolution. Cellular Automata (CA) has been used as a convenient and useful tool for simulating urban land use change. However, the key issue for CA models is the definition of the transition rules, and a number of statistical or artificial intelligence methods may be used to obtain the optimal rules. Neighborhood configuration is a basic component of transition rules, and is characterized by a distance decay effect. However, many CA models do not consider the neighbor decay effect in cellular space. This paper presents a neighbor decay cellular automata model based on particle swarm optimization (PSO-NDCA). We used particle swarm optimization (PSO) to find transition rules and considered the decay effect of the cellular neighborhood. A negative power exponential function was used to compute the decay coefficient of the cellular neighborhood in the model. By calculating the cumulative differences between simulation results and the sample data, the PSO automatically searched for the optimal combination of parameters of the transition rules. Using Xiamen City as a case study, we simulated urban land use changes for the periods 1992–1997 and 2002–2007. Results showed that the PSO-NDCA model had a higher prediction accuracy for built-up land, and a higher overall accuracy and Kappa coefficient than the urban CA model based on particle swarm optimization. The study demonstrates that there exist optimal neighborhood decay coefficients in accordance with the regional characteristics of an area. Urban CA modelling should take into account the role of neighborhood decay.  相似文献   

Gravitational field routing strategy considering the distribution of traffic flow     

Gang Liu  Yongshu Li  Jun Yang  Guolin Cai  Xiping Zhang 《International journal of geographical information science》2014,28(1):39-55

Traffic flow transmission is a constantly important aspect of complex networks, geographical information science, and other science and engineering fields. Previous studies have shown that vehicle flow is more strongly correlated with morphological properties of streets than those of axial lines. In addition, street-based topological representations are more suitable for vehicle flow prediction, as well as more memory-oriented and global in nature. In this study, we construct a dual graph to represent the street–street relationship and propose a routing strategy for networks on the basis of gravitational field theory. We aim to diminish traffic congestion and enhance the transmission performance of networks. We borrow from gravitational field theory in establishing a gravitational field stimulated by a node in packet transmission and in defining the corresponding gravitational field equation. On the basis of this study, we present a mathematical model and a routing strategy. Experimental results indicate that compared with the shortest path routing strategy, the proposed method considerably enhances network capacity and effectively balances network traffic flow, especially for congested networks. We achieve critical gravitation that can always maximize network capacity, regardless of the values of other parameters.  相似文献   

巢湖流域土地优化利用技术集成框架初探   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王秉义  陈龙乾  程从坤  刘瑞 《地理与地理信息科学》2014,30(6)

为实现湖泊资源合理、有效、可持续开发利用,优化岸线土地利用结构和空间配置,从土地管理实际需求出发,从方法论的视角构建了土地优化利用技术研发框架,提出了以多学科模型为基础的具有标准和向导两种交互模式的插件式集成框架,阐述了巢湖流域土地优化利用决策支持系统的总体架构、插件结构和工作原理。  相似文献   

珠海市旅游用地生态优化研究     

赵莹雪 《地理与地理信息科学》2014,30(5)

旅游用地生态优化是实现旅游用地持续利用与管理的重要途径。为弥补目前该领域关于时空布局和土地类型结构优化研究的不足,构建了基于生态适宜性和生态绿当量的ES-EGE(Ecological Suitability and Ecological Green Equivalent)旅游用地生态优化模型,包括时空优化配置模型和类型结构优化模型。借助3S技术,运用基于生态适宜性的旅游用地时空优化配置模型进行时空分析,得到珠海市旅游用地布局的生态适宜性分区图,未来依次布局西部生态适宜区内的康体休闲度假旅游用地项目、中部生态适宜区和生态较适宜区内的游乐、会展、游艇、高尔夫等特色旅游项目、东部生态较适宜区内特色岛屿的海洋休闲度假、运动游乐和生态休闲项目。现有旅游用地中,对已布局在生态非适宜区内的用地进行生态修复,将其中至少5.74%的建设用地调整为林地;运用基于生态绿当量的旅游用地类型结构优化模型分析计算,得出在土地利用类型结构方面,除将全部草地调整为林地外,还需将至少13.04hm2的建设用地调整为林地;综合时空优化配置模型和类型结构优化模型得出珠海市旅游用地生态优化结果空间分布图。建议生态非适宜区、生态较适宜区和生态适宜区建设用地所占比例分别不超过总用地面积的10.92%、15.13%%和52.48%。模型计算结果可为珠海市旅游用地生态优化与管理决策提供参考。  相似文献   

水下滑翔器整体外形设计及水动力性能分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

孟凡豪  严天宏  何波  徐新胜 《海洋工程》2014,32(2):61-71

对水下滑翔器的整体外形设计与水动力性能进行研究。在Slocum等几种典型水下滑翔器样机的基础上,对滑翔器的主体和附体进行一体化设计,得到阻力最小的新型水下滑翔器构型设计。利用CFD方法对水下滑翔器进行模拟仿真,通过分析对比五种主体构型,得到了比较合理的主体线型,然后用正交设计方法和曲线拟合法对附体进行了优选工作,最后得到了性能更优的整体载体外形。模拟仿真实验表明,滑翔器在8°左右攻角航行时,具有最大的升阻比;和Slocum等经典样机相比,新的载体具有更好的水动力性能。通过上述研究工作,也可以缩短水下滑翔器研制周期,降低设计成本,并为水下滑翔器的更优设计提供了有力的技术指导和参考。  相似文献   

Optimal Design of Equivalent Water Depth Truncated Mooring System Based on Baton Pattern Simulated Annealing Algorithm简   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

张火明  黄赛花  管卫兵 《中国海洋工程》2014,28(1):67-80

The highest similarity degree of static characteristics including both horizontal and vertical restoring force-displacement characteristics of total mooring system, as well as the tension-displacement characteristics of the representative single mooring line between the truncated and full depth system are obtained by annealing simulation algorithm for hybrid discrete variables （ASFHDV, in short）. A“baton” optimization approach is proposed by utilizing ASFHDV. After each baton of optimization, if a few dimensional variables reach the upper or lower limit, the boundary of certain dimensional variables shall be expanded. In consideration of the experimental requirements, the length of the upper mooring line should not be smaller than 8 m, and the diameter of the anchor chain on the bottom should be larger than 0.03 m. A 100000 t turret mooring FPSO in the water depth of 304 m, with the truncated water depth being 76 m, is taken as an example of equivalent water depth truncated mooring system optimal design and calculation, and is performed to obtain the conformation parameters of the truncated mooring system. The numerical results indicate that the present truncated mooring system design is successful and effective.  相似文献   

一株高效褐藻酸降解菌的筛选、鉴定及其发酵条件的优化   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

侯士昌  温少红  唐志红  崔玉琳  秦松 《海洋科学》2014,38(7):20-26

以褐藻酸钠为唯一碳源,从腐烂海带中筛选得到褐藻酸钠降解能力较强的菌株H4,经生理生化和16S rDNA序列分析鉴定该菌株属于交替单胞菌属(Alteromonas)。对菌株H4的发酵条件优化研究表明,H4的较优培养基组成为(w/v):褐藻酸钠0.6%、酵母粉0.5%、蛋白胨0.25%、NaCl 3%;较优培养条件为:培养温度28℃,初始pH7.5,接种量1.5%(v/v),培养时间48 h。Fe3+对交替单胞菌H4的产酶有明显的促进作用,这在其他褐藻酸裂解酶生产菌株中未见报道,而Cu2+对褐藻酸裂解酶的抑制作用高达45.78%。在优化后的培养条件下,粗酶液酶活达到146.45 U/mL,较优化前提高了39.4%。  相似文献