Spatial Patterns of Seasonal Level Diurnal Variations of Ozone and Respirable Suspended Particulates in Hong Kong     

Zhen Liu  Shouraseni Sen Roy 《The Professional geographer》2013,65(1):17-27

In this study we analyzed the diurnal spatial patterns of cycles of ozone (O₃) and respirable suspended particulate (RSP) matter in Hong Kong between 2001 and 2011. We used harmonic analysis to reveal the diurnal cycle in the seasonal-level spatial patterns. The diurnal cycle of O₃ is stronger in the northeast rural areas of Hong Kong than in the urban center due to the lower titration effects of nitric oxide in the rural areas. For RSP, the southern sections show the strongest diurnal cycle and the northeastern sections show the weakest diurnal cycle, which could be explained by the heavy vehicular traffic in the southern urban areas and light vehicular traffic in the northeast rural areas. The diurnal patterns of O₃ and RSP both show stronger cycles in the summer months, which might be related to the diurnal rainfall pattern. The time of maximum for O₃ is around 1400 Local Standard Time (LST) in the afternoon in summer, whereas a wider range in the time of maximum, between 1100 and 1400 LST, was observed in winter. The spatial pattern of the time of maximum for RSP showed a gradual progression from the center of the city to the west, between 1300 and 1700 LST, which is consistent with rush hour traffic.  相似文献   

Air Quality,Climate, and Policy: A Case Study of Ozone Pollution in Tucson,Arizona     

《The Professional geographer》2013,65(4):469-491

This article addresses the need to better understand the complex interactions between climate, human activities, vegetation responses, and surface ozone so that more informed air-quality policy recommendations can be made. The impacts of intraseasonal climate variations on ozone levels in Tucson, Arizona from April through September of 1995 to 1998 are determined by relating variations in ozone levels to variations in atmospheric conditions and emissions of ozone's precursor chemicals, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and nitrogen oxides (NO_x), and by determining month-specific atmospheric conditions that are conducive to elevated ozone levels. Results show that the transport of ozone and its precursor chemicals within the Tucson area causes the highest ozone levels to be measured at a downwind monitor. The highest ozone levels occur in August, due in part to the presence of the North American monsoon. Atmospheric conditions conducive to elevated ozone concentrations differ substantially between the arid foresummer (May and June) and the core monsoon months ( July and August). Transport of pollution from Phoenix may have a substantial impact on elevated ozone concentrations during April, May, and June, while El Paso/Ciudad Juarez –derived pollution may contribute significantly to elevated ozone concentrations in August and September. Two broad policy implications derive from this work. Regional pollutant transport, both within the U.S. and between the U.S. and Mexico, is a potential issue that needs to be examined more intensively in future studies. In addition, spatiotemporal variations in sensitivities of ozone production require the adoption of both NO_x and VOC control measures to reduce ozone levels in the Tucson area.  相似文献   

Identification and Apportionment of Sources of Ozone‐forming Potential for Proper Reduction Strategies     

Selami Demir  Arslan Saral 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2013,41(2):107-112

In this study, results of source identification and apportionment for ambient volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from a previous work were used to estimate ozone‐forming potentials (OFPs) of effective sources for developing proper strategies for reduction of tropospheric ozone pollution. The source identification and apportionment of ambient VOC pollution within Yildiz Technical University's Davutpasa Campus (Istanbul, Turkey) was done by positive matrix factorization (PMF). The results suggested five effective source groups with the emissions related with paint use and solvent use having the highest contributions (36.8 and 28.2%). The results from PMF were used along with maximum incremental reactivities to estimate potentials of individual sources for ozone formation. It was found that biogenic emissions (3.78) and traffic related emissions (gasoline and diesel vehicle exhaust) (3.83 and 3.15, respectively) have the highest potential for ozone formation in terms of grams O₃/g VOC emitted. The results were used to suggest proper source‐based reduction strategies for OFP.  相似文献   

河北沧州市臭氧质量浓度与气象因子的关系分析     

熊险平  沈瑞珊  索春男  李二杰  张唯 《干旱气象》2022,40(1):108-113

利用2014—2020年河北沧州逐小时气象与环境监测数据,对沧州市臭氧(O_(3))污染加剧现状及其与气象因子的关系进行分析。结果表明:(1)沧州地区O_(3)污染呈加剧态势,且O_(3)已上升为该地区首要污染物;O_(3)污染集中出现在5—9月,O_(3)质量浓度日变化呈单峰单谷型,最大浓度出现在16:00前后;(2)5—9月O_(3)日最大8 h平均质量浓度(简称“O_(3)-8 h”)所处时段,平均气温、最高气温、相对湿度、总辐射辐照度与O_(3)质量浓度的相关性较好,本站气压、水汽压和平均风速与O_(3)质量浓度的相关性未通过显著性检验;(3)5—9月O_(3)-8 h时段,当同时满足8 h平均气温高于30.9℃、最高气温高于32.7℃、平均相对湿度低于42.1%、平均总辐射辐照度高于505.8 W·m^(-2)时,出现O_(3)污染的概率达84%;(4)气象因子不是O_(3)小时质量浓度快速增长的充分条件。  相似文献   

Record Arctic Ozone Loss in Spring 2020 is Likely Caused by North Pacific Warm Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies     

Yan XIA  Yongyun HU  Jiankai ZHANG  Fei XIE  Wenshou TIAN 《大气科学进展》2021,38(10):1723-1736

Record ozone loss was observed in the Arctic stratosphere in spring 2020. This study aims to determine what caused the extreme Arctic ozone loss. Observations and simulation results are examined in order to show that the extreme Arctic ozone loss was likely caused by record-high sea surface temperatures(SSTs) in the North Pacific. It is found that the record Arctic ozone loss was associated with the extremely cold and persistent stratospheric polar vortex over February–April, and the extremely cold vortex was a result of anomalously weak planetary wave activity. Further analysis reveals that the weak wave activity can be traced to anomalously warm SSTs in the North Pacific. Both observations and simulations show that warm SST anomalies in the North Pacific could have caused the weakening of wavenumber-1 wave activity, colder Arctic vortex, and lower Arctic ozone. These results suggest that for the present-day level of ozone-depleting substances, severe Arctic ozone loss could form again, as long as certain dynamic conditions are satisfied.  相似文献   

近30a北极平流层臭氧的季节和年际变化特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘姝媛  朱彬  苏继峰  朱晓欣  得力格尔 《南京气象学院学报》2011,34(5):538-546

综合利用1978-2011年TOMS（Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer）和OMI（Ozone Monitoring Instrument）臭氧总量资料,MLS（Microwave Limb Sounder）臭氧廓线资料以及NCEP/NCAR再分析气象场资料,对比研究了近30a南北极臭氧总量的年际变化和季节变化差异,重点分析了2010/2011年冬末春初北极臭氧出现的异常损耗现象,探讨北极春季臭氧低值产生的原因。结果表明：与南极地区一年四季都保持一个臭氧低值中心明显不同,北极臭氧总量的减少则是伴随着整个春夏季（4-8月）,在秋季（10月）达到最低值,冬季（11月-次年2月）北极臭氧快速恢复,这主要是由于南北半球极地地区环流差异和温度差异造成的。南北两极年均O3总量呈下降趋势,两极地区O3总量年际变化最大的季节是春季。近30a,北极在1997和2011年春季（3-4月）分别达到极低值355DU和361DU,但近年来两极臭氧年际变化趋势不明显。2011年春季,北极地区出现的较严重臭氧低值现象从3月中旬至4月中旬持续了近1个月,2010/2011年冬春季平流层低温和臭氧低值对应关系很好。  相似文献   

A neurocomputing approach to the forecasting of monthly maximum temperature over Kolkata, India using total ozone concentration as predictor     

Syam Sundar De  Goutami Chattopadhyay  Bijoy Bandyopadhyay  Suman Paul 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2011,343(10):664-676

The association between the monthly total ozone concentration and monthly maximum temperature over Kolkata (22.56° N, 88.30° E), India, has been explored in this paper. For this, the predictability of monthly maximum temperature based on the total ozone as predictor is investigated using Artificial Neural Network. The presence of persistence and similar cyclic patterns are revealed through autocorrelation and cross-correlation coefficients. Common cycles of length 12 and 6 have been identified through periodogram. Hence, a predictive model has been generated by Artificial Neural Network in the form of Multi Layer Perceptron (MLP) using scaled conjugate gradient learning with sigmoid non-linearity. After training and testing the network, an MLP with total ozone of month n as predictor and maximum temperature of month (n + 1) as the target output is found as the best model. Performance of the model has been judged statistically. Finally, the MLP model has been compared with linear and non-linear regressions and the efficiency of MLP has been established over the regression models.  相似文献   

The Impact of the Numbers of Monitoring Stations on the National and Regional Air Quality Assessment in China During 2013–18     

Hongyan LUO  Xiao TANG  Huangjian WU  Lei KONG  Qian WU  Kai CAO  Yating SONG  Xuechun LUO  Yao WANG  Jiang ZHU  Zifa WANG 《大气科学进展》2022,39(10):1709-1720

China national air quality monitoring network has become the core data source for air quality assessment and management in China. However, during network construction, the significant change in numbers of monitoring sites with time is easily ignored, which brings uncertainty to air quality assessments. This study aims to analyze the impact of change in numbers of stations on national and regional air quality assessments in China during 2013–18. The results indicate that the change in numbers of stations has different impacts on fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) and ozone concentration assessments. The increasing number of sites makes the estimated national and regional PM_2.5 concentration slightly lower by 0.6?2.2 μg m^?3 and 1.4?6.0 μg m^?3 respectively from 2013 to 2018. The main reason is that over time, the monitoring network expands from the urban centers to the suburban areas with low population densities and pollutant emissions. For ozone, the increasing number of stations affects the long-term trends of the estimated concentration, especially the national trends, which changed from a slight upward trend to a downward trend in 2014?15. Besides, the impact of the increasing number of sites on ozone assessment exhibits a seasonal difference at the 0.05 significance level in that the added sites make the estimated concentration higher in winter and lower in summer. These results suggest that the change in numbers of monitoring sites is an important uncertainty factor in national and regional air quality assessments, that needs to be considered in long-term concentration assessment, trend analysis, and trend driving force analysis.  相似文献   

A New Way to Study Water-Vapor Absorption Coefficient     

周良明郭佩芳  谭映宇 《海洋通报(英文版)》2005,7(2):67-71

In the visible spectrum, the atmospheric attenuations to sunlight mainly include aerosol scattering, atmospheric molecule Rayleigh scattering and ozone absorption, while in the near-infrared spectrum （from 650 nm to 1 000 nm）, we must take water-vapor absorption into account. Based on the atmospheric correction theory, using spectrum irradiance data measured by Instantaneous Ground spectrometer, ozone content measured by Microtops Ⅱ ozone monitor, water-vapor content and aerosol optical thickness measured by sun photometer, we give a new way to study water-vapor absorption to sunlight, and the result shows that the main peak values of water-vapor absorption coefficients are 0.025 cm^-1, 0.073 cm^-1, 0.124 cm^-1, 0.090 cm^-1, 0.141 cm^-1 and 0.417 cm^-1, which respectively lie at 692 nm, 725 nm, 761 nm, 818 nm, 912 nm and 937 nm.  相似文献   

长江三角洲地区对流层臭氧的变化趋势   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6       下载免费PDF全文

徐晓斌  林伟立  王韬  孟昭阳  王瑛 《气候变化研究进展》2006,2(5):211-216

根据TOR卫星数据分析,我国长江三角洲地区对流层O3柱含量的长期变化就全年和大多数月份而言均为增长趋势,1978-2000年间其年均值的增长趋势为0.82 DU/10 a。这种长期变化趋势所引起的气候效应及其对大气氧化性的影响值得进一步研究。结果表明,长江三角洲地区对流层O3柱含量的季节变化与该地区的临安区域大气本底站的地面O3季节变化有着显著的相关关系,临安站的观测数据具有区域代表性。  相似文献