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131.
Simulation experiments on the primary migration of oil were carried out on massive samples. The results proved that oil generated from source rocks was expelled in the form of an independent oil phase. High oil-expulsion efficiency was observed. It follows that the primary migration of oil is not directly dependent on the quantity of oil generated from the source rocks. Therefore, the oil-expulsion proportion was high though some source rocks yielded only a limited amount of oil. A great deal of gas was produced at the same time of oil-generation. Thus, it can be concluded that the main expulsion energy for oil primary migration came from these gases. 相似文献
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《国际泥沙研究》2020,35(5):431-443
In recent years, the damage caused to human settlements in Japan by large woody debris (LWD) has been increasing. For example, the 2013 Izu Oshima typhoon resulted in a large number of fatalities and missing persons, and the Kagoshima Typhoon Disaster and Northern Kyusyu torrential downpour caused vast infrastructure damage due to the associated LWD. Current countermeasures for preventing LWD are insufficient to maintain the safety of residential areas. One type of protective barrier, the open sabo dam, has been constructed in Japan during the past 30 years. The primary function of open sabo dams is to block the flow of boulders, thereby also reducing sediment flow by reducing the gap size. However, because Japanese open sabo dams are designed specifically for boulder-trapping, the ability of these dams to trap LWD remains uncertain. In particular, many problems have been reported with respect to sediment trapping by driftwood with roots in an open sabo dam setting. The objective of this study was to examine the trapping efficiency of open sabo dams for LWD and sediment. The experimental approach clarified the influence of driftwood, without and with roots, on sediment trapping for a straight-channel flume. The flexible roots of the driftwood were shown to have a significant effect on the sediment trapping efficiency of the dam. 相似文献
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岩溶断陷盆地不同海拔植物水分利用效率分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为探讨不同海拔高度的养分、环境要素与植物水分利用效率变化的关系,以岩溶断陷盆地云南小江流域的乔木、灌木、草本为研究对象,分析水分利用效率和叶片养分浓度随海拔的变化情况。结果表明:(1)研究区内海拔2 000 m处的草本植物的叶片δ13C值最高,2 200 m处的乔木的叶片δ13C值最低;(2)海拔高度对乔木、灌木的植物水分利用效率影响大于草本植物,草本植物的水分利用效率随海拔高度的变化甚微,两者之间的拟合度较小;高值区出现在海拔为2 200 m处的乔木;低值区出现在海拔为2 000 m处的草本植物;(3)不同海拔水分利用效率与叶片N、P浓度的相关性较弱(与叶片的N浓度呈弱正相关,与叶片的P浓度呈弱负相关);(4)不同海拔水分利用效率与各气候因子的相关性较弱,与多年平均气温、多年平均降雨量、多年平均日照时数均呈弱正相关。 相似文献
137.
可持续发展中的公平与效率问题 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
在传统增长方式中,公平与效率之间存在着巨大的冲突,由于可持续发展的出现,才第一次把两者纳入到可以相互补充、相互协调的框架之内,从而构成了整个社会得以生存与发展的必要张力。如何在公平的价值观念下效率,如何在有效的市场中保证公平,成为环境与发展问题相并列的当代经济理论、经济伦理思想以及可持续发展观的重要课题。 相似文献
138.
The sustainable development concept has generated a large body of literature. It has also divided economists into numerous
schools of thought. The neoclassical, London, and other schools are painted in broad strokes in the first part of this paper.
They debate the extent to which manufactured capital and “natural” capital are believed to be substitutes or complements in
a macroeconomics context. The problem stems from the difficulty to measure “natural” capital. The second part of the paper
looks at sustainable development in mining at the firm level. First, it is argued that the capital value of the mineral reserves
can be maintained by discovering reserves or by saving part of the rent. Second, we show that mine manager actions can be
induced to follow efficiency and equity principles when proper limits or constraints are imposed by the legislator. It is
concluded that a set of indicators need to be defined and calibrated to ensure that the economic, environmental, and social
limits imposed on the mine manager become a framework inside which he competes for the best interest of the firm. 相似文献
139.
本文根据定位参数M估计理论,导出了LP估计的影响函数,分析了LP估计的抗差能力,同时还推导了LP估计的渐近效率,综合抗差能力和效率,分析了LP估计的优劣性,明确指出,用现测数据中含有粗差扰动的数据和P为(1,1.25)的LP估计进行处理,结果较优,效率较高。 相似文献
140.
九华山铜矿床中伴生金已具综合利用价值。金以矿物态为主,金矿物主要为银金矿、含银自然金。金矿物粒度较细,大于200目者占24.34%,金矿物主要嵌布于黄铜矿粒间或裂隙中。金的理想回收率为66.30%,空间分布上,沿矿体走向金西低东高,倾向金北高南低,深度金随深度增加而增加。 相似文献