末次冰消期以来白令海盆的冰筏碎屑事件与古海洋学演变记录   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

陈志华  陈毅  王汝建  黄元辉  刘欣德  王磊  邹建军 《极地研究》2014,26(1):17-28

通过对白令海盆中部BR02岩芯高分辨率的颜色、粒度和元素地球化学地层的研究发现:(1)该岩芯较为完整地记录了末次盛冰期结束以来(约16.3 ka BP)的多期冰筏碎屑事件,包括H1、OD、YD和北方2期,其中以H1和YD最为显著,反映了末次冰消期以来该地区海冰/冰山以及区域性冰川的消长变化;(2)BR02岩芯上部17—25 cm段出现富Mn、富Ba的氧化型沉积,说明在全新世高海面时期,白令海与北太平洋、北冰洋之间的水体交换达到极点,白令海环流加强,海盆底层水含氧状况明显改善,并引发海洋生产力增加;(3)CaO、Na2O、Sr、Zr及Na2O/K2O比值的分布说明,海盆冰筏碎屑主要来自富碳酸盐的育空河流域,其次为阿拉斯加半岛和阿留申群岛等火山岩区;岩芯上部Na2O/K2O比值的递增暗示10 ka BP以来与火山物质输运有关的北太平洋入流(阿拉斯加流)可能增加。  相似文献   

Redox and pH conditions in the water column and in the sediments of an acidic mining lake     

T. M. Bachmann  K. Friese  D. W. Zachmann   《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》2001,73(2)

Physico-chemical parameters of the acidic mining lake (ML) 111 in the Lusatian region (Germany) were determined in April and August 1997 using a multiparameter probe for the water column and punch-in pH and Eh electrodes for the sediment, respectively. Samples of the sediment profile were taken by a gravity corer. Besides determination of the physico-chemical parameters, grain size and water contents were determined after sediment slicing.Differences in the redox state of the water body, deduced from oxygen saturation between April and August, could not be inferred. However, a shift in pH to lower values was apparent. Data support the conclusion that the enhanced oxygen content was consumed for oxidation of ferrous iron to ferric iron (oxides/hydroxides) coupled with the release of protons.In the sediment, different buffer systems of iron compounds could be detected within separate zones with values below and above pH 3. At higher pH values, the redox conditions are controlled and stabilized by the presence of Fe-oxide-hydroxides and possibly Fe-sulfates.  相似文献   

钼及钼同位素地球化学——同位素体系、测试技术及在地质中的应用   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

徐林刚  Bernd Lehmann 《矿床地质》2011,30(1):103-124

多接收电感耦合等离子体质谱(MC-ICP-MS)的广泛应用使过渡金属元素同位素地球化学的研究近年来获得蓬勃发展.利用元素双稀释剂法对钼同位素值进行校正,目前可以获得±0.1‰(2σ)的测试精度.自然界中钼同位素分馏δ98/95Mo可达～3‰,其分馏机制与环境的氧化-还原状态有关.在氧化环境下钼以MoO2/4-的形式与锰...  相似文献   

Phase equilibria for graphitic metapelite including solution of CO2 in melt and cordierite: implications for dehydration,partial melting and graphite precipitation     

X. Chu  J. J. Ague 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2013,31(8):843-862

When graphite is present, carbon‐bearing species dissolve in the C‐O‐H fluid and lower the activity of water (). Accordingly, metamorphic reactions that involve water, namely dehydration and partial melting reactions, adjust their P–T positions to accommodate the change of . In this modelling study, pseudosections are calculated for graphite‐bearing systems that are either closed or that progressively lose fluid and/or melt. The diagrams incorporate a new model of CO₂ solubility in felsic melts that we derived to be compatible with a recently published melt model. As the result of the lowered in the carbon‐bearing systems, the temperature displacements of the solidus can be as large as 50 °C at low pressures in cordierite‐bearing zones (<4 kbar), but are smaller than 15 °C at mid‐pressure P–T conditions (4–9 kbar). In the supersolidus region, the phase relations among silicate minerals + melt are very close to those in carbon‐free systems. The fluid CO₂ content increases as temperature increases in the supersolidus assemblages. The CO₂‐rich fluid can be stable in granulite facies conditions in an oxidized system. In graphitic systems, melt and/or cordierite dominate the CO₂ budget of high‐grade rocks. During cooling, the fluid that exsolves from such crystalizing melt is CO₂‐rich. In addition to the phase relations, the pseudosections presented in this study enable researchers to quantitatively investigate the evolution of phase modes, including graphite, along specific metamorphic P–T paths. At low pressures in the cordierite stability field, graphite is predicted to precipitate as the pressure increases or temperature decreases in the subsolidus assemblages, or temperature increases in the region of melt + fluid coexistence. On the other hand, the graphite abundance remains nearly constant along the mid‐pressure P–T series, but the graphite mode in the supersolidus region may increase due to residual enrichment if the melt is extracted. The modelling results show that metamorphic processes in closed systems lead to only small changes in graphite mode (a few tenths of a per cent). This strongly suggests that open‐system behaviours are required for large amounts of graphite deposition, including fluid infiltration and mixing or residual enrichment processes in high‐grade rocks. In addition to P–T pseudosections, P/T–X_O diagrams (X_O = O/(H + O) in the fluid) illustrate the thermodynamic features of internal buffering from another perspective, and explore the dependence of phase relations on the externally imposed redox state. If the system is equilibrated with CO₂ or CH₄‐rich infiltrating fluid, the temperature displacements of metamorphic reactions can be larger than 50 °C, compared with carbon‐free systems.  相似文献   

Reply to D. F. Lascelles. Discussion on ‘Microplaty hematite—its varied nature and genesis’ by R. C. Morris and ‘Genesis modelling for the Hamersley BIF-hosted iron ores of Western Australia: a critical review’ by R. C. Morris and M. Kneeshaw     

R. C. Morris  M. Kneeshaw 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(8):1145-1150

Abstract

The third (Es₃) member of the Eocene Shahejie Formation is the main hydrocarbon source rock interval in the Raoyang Sag of the Bohai Bay Basin. The lower Es₃ (Es₃^L) and upper Es₃ (Es₃^U) submembers display clear differences in source rock quality. The formation mechanisms of the source rocks are investigated via geochemical methods using 60 samples from three wells to reconstruct the paleo-environment during deposition. The major element parameters exhibit changes in paleoclimate from humid to arid. Indicators such as Sr/Ba, B/Ga, the gammacerane index and isotopic data suggest fresh–brackish and hydrological open lakes with unstable water column stratification likely occurred during deposition of the Es₃^L submember and saline and hydrologically closed lakes with stable water column stratification likely during deposition of the Es₃^U submember. Carbon isotope values of organic matter, trace elements and biomarker parameters suggest that the Es₃^L submember had moderate productivity, with a significant contribution from terrigenous organic matter whereas the Es₃^U submember had slightly enhanced productivity, with no or minor contributions from terrigenous organic matter. Furthermore, the pristane/phytane ratio and the enrichment of Mo and U indicate that the euxinic bottom-water conditions (sulfidic) of the lakes during deposition of the Es₃^U submember were best for preserving organic matter. Comparison of the models of source rock deposition of the Es₃^L and Es₃^U submembers indicates that the redox conditions play an important role in the formation of organic-rich source rocks in the Raoyang Sag.  相似文献   

Heterogeneous oxygenation of wetland soils with increasing inundation: Redox potential,water depth,and preferential flow paths     

Chayan Lahiri  Gregg R. Davidson 《水文研究》2020,34(6):1350-1358

Saturated wetland soils are typically depleted in oxygen due to rapid consumption by biological processes. Fine-grained sediments limit the vertical flux of oxygenated surface water. In forested wetlands potential exists for advective transport along preferential flow pathways created by decomposing roots or tree remains, resulting in isolated zones of oxygenated pore water. This potential is enhanced in wetlands that are perched above the regional water table, where increases in surface-water depth create significant downward hydraulic gradients. Along the Mississippi River floodplain, many wetlands are now perched as a result of groundwater mining. This study was conducted at Sky Lake, MS, through a growing season, with high temporal-resolution monitoring of redox potential as a proxy for the delivery of oxygenated surface water at 30 and 60 cm depths at six locations. Results showed reducing conditions at all locations under moderate inundation, but redox potential rose significantly at a subset of locations when surface-water exceeded one meter in depth. Rising redox potential is argued to represent localised advective transport of oxygen in excess of the rate of biological consumption. Wetland plants growing in perennially saturated soils may benefit from periodic increases in water depth and subsequent increase in the flux of oxygen along preferential flow paths.  相似文献   

莓状黄铁矿:环境与生命的示踪计     

杨雪英  龚一鸣 《地球科学》2011,36(4):643-658

莓状黄铁矿这一奇妙的微晶(0.1~1 μm)矿物集合体(5~50 μm)自科学家首次发现(1923年)和冠名(1935年)至今一直是不同学科竞相研究的热点.主要从莓状黄铁矿的形成机制、莓状黄铁矿与环境的关系等方面回顾了莓状黄铁矿的生物成因说(1923-1969年)、非生物成因说(1969-2000年)和多元成因说(2000-现今)各研究阶段取得的进展和存在的问题,指出莓状黄铁矿作为表层生物圈、深部生物圈和地外环境与生命示踪计具有巨大潜力,提出从地球科学、生命科学、材料科学、化学和纳米科技以及凝聚态物理学融合的角度加强对莓状黄铁矿研究的建议.   相似文献   

青岛潮间带趋磁细菌的垂直分布特征及与环境因子的关系     

张蕊  陈一然  周克  张文燕  肖天  吴龙飞 《海洋科学》2013,37(10):24-31

趋磁细菌是一类能够沿着磁力线运动的革兰氏阴性细菌, 主要生活在淡水和海洋的有氧-无氧过渡区。本调查通过对青岛汇泉湾潮间带沉积物柱状样分层样品中趋磁细菌的计数和沉积物理化因子的分析, 研究了趋磁细菌的垂直分布特征及其与环境因子的关系。结果显示趋磁细菌以趋北型的趋磁球菌占优势, 主要分布环境的氧化还原电位为179.7～-107.0 mV, 为弱还原-还原性质, 最大丰度(94～169个/cm³)出现在氧化还原跃层(表层下5～9cm黄-黑沙界面处), 暗示有氧-无氧过渡区; 趋磁细菌的垂直变化趋势与粒径、含水率、硫酸盐的变化趋势基本一致。  相似文献   

松辽盆地南部油页岩微量元素特征及其成矿期古环境恢复     

常思阳  郭巍 《地质与资源》2016,25(5):464-469

油页岩成矿期的古环境控制着油页岩有机质类型与丰度,而油页岩的有机质类型和丰度对于研究油页岩成因及富集规律具有重要的意义.松辽盆地南部含油页岩层段总体为深湖-半深湖相稳定沉积,微量元素特征对古环境的变化敏感,可利用油页岩微量元素含量的测试及其比值分析的方法恢复油页岩成矿期的古环境.通过对松辽盆地南部油页岩样品中20余种微量元素含量的测试及其比值的分析,恢复了青山口组与嫩江组油页岩成矿期的古环境.研究结果表明,油页岩成矿期的古气候为温暖湿润-半湿润半干热的气候,水介质为微咸水-半咸水的还原环境.青山口期相对嫩江期气候和盐度变化较稳定,气候略为干热,盐度也略高.  相似文献   

云贵交界地区中上三叠统之交地球化学特征及其环境意义   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

曾雄伟  程龙  王建坡  危凯  杨梅 《古地理学报》2014,16(4):503-516

中国西南部云贵交界地区中上三叠统海相地层以拥有丰富的海生爬行动物化石为特色的古生物群落而闻名。近期,笔者在云贵交界地区发现了一个完整的中上三叠统竹杆坡组至上三叠统小凹组剖面,即云南罗平江底剖面。在该剖面中,分别在竹杆坡组纹层灰岩段顶部及小凹组上部发现了典型的兴义动物群及关岭生物群生物组合。为了研究中晚三叠世之交生物群落演化的环境背景,对采集的97件地球化学样品进行了常量、微量及稀土元素测试与分析。微量和稀土元素的分析结果表明,竹杆坡组纹层灰岩段及小凹组处于缺氧环境,产兴义动物群及关岭生物群的地层含氧量相对增加,而两生物群落之间的竹杆坡组瘤状灰岩段主要为贫氧环境。中晚三叠世之交的海水含氧量的变化规律与生物群落的演替较为吻合,说明该时期海水含氧量的变化对生物演替具有一定的控制作用。  相似文献