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41.
藏北比如县玛双布上三叠统波里拉组发育震积岩(A)、海啸岩(B)及背景沉积(C)3个沉积单元。它们组成A-B-C,A-C,B-C等3种类型的沉积序列。这些沉积序列分别代表地震—海啸—背景沉积(地震引发海啸)、地震—背景沉积(地震未引发海啸)、海啸—背景沉积(远离地震中心)的事件沉积序列。波里拉组地震事件沉积是特提斯洋进一步扩张的前兆和裂解的标志,也是劳亚—泛华夏大陆裂解的响应。 相似文献
42.
Soft-sediment Deformation Structures Related to Earthquake from the Devonian of the Eastern North Qilian Mts. and Its Tectonic Significance 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Devonian in the North Qilian orogenic belt and Hexi Corridor developed terrestrial molasse of later stage of foreland basin caused by collision between the North China plate and Qaidam microplate. The foreland basin triggered a intense earthquake, and formed seismites and earthquake-related soft-sediment deformation. The soft-sediment deformation structures of Devonian in the eastern North Qilian Mts. consist of seismo-cracks, sandstone dykes, syn-depositional faults, microfolds (micro-corrugated lamination), fluidized veins, load casts, flame structures, pillow structures and brecciation. The seismo-cracks, syn-depositional faults and microfolds are cracks, faults and folds formed directly by oscillation of earthquake. The seismic dykes formed by sediment instilling into seismic cracks. Fluidized veins were made by instilling into the seismo-fissures of the fluidized sands. The load casts, flame structures and pillow structures were formed by sinking and instilling caused from oscillation of earthquake along the face between sandy and muddy beds. The brecciation resulted from the oscillation of earthquake and cracking of sedimentary layers. The seismites and soft-sediment deformations in Devonian triggered the earthquake related to tectonic activities during the orogeny and uplift of North Qilian Mts. 相似文献
43.
The Yaojiachezhan (YJCZ) section and NGN1, Zk3389 and SK1-S wells, which are located in the southeastern part of the Songliao Basin, NE China, were used to analyse paleoseismic events recorded in the Upper Cretaceous first member of the Nenjiang Formation. Two representative seismic sequences are recognised in these lacustrine deposits. The seismic sequence observed in the YJCZ section, from the base to top, includes step micro-faulting, seismic fissures, liquefaction sandstone veins, brecelated structures, liquefied fold-deformed laminations and sand pillow structures. Whereas in NGN1 core, from the base to top, includes micro-faulting, seismic fissures, sand pillow structures, liquefied fold-deformed laminations and liquefaction sandstone veins. These two seismic sequences together reflect the processes resulting from a strong seismic event from initiation to culmination, then decline and recession. The occurrence of brecciated structures reflects the earthquake magnitude in the YJCZ section area probably reached M7.5, while liquefied fold-deformed laminations in the NGN1 core area reflects an earthquake magnitude of M7.0. Empirical relations between earthquake magnitude and the maximum distance of liquefaction deformation structure sites from the epicentres show that the longest distance between the earthquake source area for the YJCZ section and NGN1 well are <100?km, whereas the distance for the Zk3389 and SK1-S wells is >100?km. The trigger source area for this paleoseismic event is most likely the Yilan-Yitong Fault, meaning that the Yilan-Yitong Fault was active during the deposition of the first member of the Nenjiang Formation. 相似文献
44.
悉尼盆地位于澳大利亚东部,Lachlan褶皱带和New England褶皱带之间。悉尼盆地从晚石炭世末到中三叠世经历了弧后扩张到前陆盆地的不同阶段:弧后扩张阶段(石炭纪)、被动热沉降阶段(早、中二叠世Berry组)和挤压挠曲负载阶段(中二叠世Broughton组—三叠纪)。此时位于悉尼盆地东侧的New England褶皱带为岛弧背景。因此,二叠纪处于弧后盆地的南悉尼盆地受弧后扩张和东侧弧前海沟俯冲的影响地震活动强烈,发育一系列与地震有关的震积岩,形成多种类型的与地震活动有关的软沉积物变形构造。南悉尼盆地二叠系的软沉积物变形包括地裂缝、震褶层、液化脉、沙火山、负荷构造、火焰构造、枕状构造、球状构造、枕状层、滑塌构造、角砾岩化等。其中地裂缝、震褶层是地震颤动直接引起的断裂和褶皱;枕状层是地震颤动引起的砂层脱水、下沉形成的;液化脉、沙火山为液化的砂层穿入地震形成的裂隙形成的;负荷构造、火焰构造、枕状构造、球状构造是受地震颤动在砂、泥岩界面上由于砂层下沉、泥层上穿形成的;滑塌构造和角砾岩化是地震引起的重力滑塌或泥石流形成的。地裂缝、震褶层、液化脉、沙火山、负荷构造、火焰构造、枕状构造、球状构造、枕状层相当于原地震积岩,而滑塌构造和角砾岩化属于异地震积岩。 相似文献
45.
河北省白石山中元古代地震遗迹的发现 总被引：13，自引：3，他引：13
在河北省涞源县白石山构造峰林游览路线上,中元古界雾迷山组(距今10～14亿年间)第二段地层下部,发现“震动坍塌巨角砾岩”(震积岩)。“巨角砾岩”受两条同沉积期正断层控制,是由两侧断崖上坍塌的岩块瞬时地在水下形成的。这是目前所知最早的震积岩(古地震遗迹)。根据震积岩的规模与两条正断层的断陷程度推测,白石山古地震的强度大体相当里氏6级以上,是华北中元古代地震灾变事件濒发期的具体表现。白石山距古太行山深断裂不足10km,白石山震积岩、同沉积期正断层与古太行山断裂带均呈NNE向延伸,推断当时白石山地区处在古太行山断裂带活动的影响范围内。 相似文献
46.
Earthquake, as disastrous events in geological history, can be recorded as soft-sediment deformation. In the Palaeogene of
the East China Sea shelf, the soft-sediment deformation related to earthquake event is recognized as seismic micro-fractures,
micro-corrugated laminations, liquefied veins, ‘vibrated liquefied layers’, deformed cross laminations and convolute laminations,
load structures, flame structures, brecciation, slump structures and seismodisconformity. There exists a lateral continuum,
the wide spatial distribution and the local vertical continuous sequences of seismites including slump, liquefaction and brecciation.
In the Palaeogene of East China Sea shelf, where typical soft-sediment deformation structures were developed, clastic deposits
of tidal-flat, delta and river facies are the main background deposits of Middle-Upper Eocene Pinghu Formation and Oligocene
Huagang Formation. This succession also records diagnostic marks of event deposits and basinal tectonic activities in the
form of seismites. 相似文献
47.
鄂尔多斯盆地南缘中元古代处于拉张期,发育多裂谷系.分析鄂尔多斯盆地野外地质调查、物探和钻井等资料,划分沉积相剖面,研究沉积演化及相类型.结果表明:盆地南缘中元古代沉积陆相三角洲至海陆过渡相的长城系与滨浅海至深海盆地相的蓟县系,并于蓟县系中发现液化底劈构造、震褶岩、震裂岩、震浊积岩、津浪丘状层和风暴岩等震积岩序列单元;沉积水体逐渐加深,为裂谷非补偿型沉积,蓟县系中存在震积岩序列,反映该区中元古代盆地南缘处于裂谷带内,受裂陷作用持续影响.通过沉积相及震积岩序列划分耦合裂谷说,为区域构造研究提供佐证. 相似文献
48.
Earthquake imprints on a lacustrine deltaic system: The Kürk Delta along the East Anatolian Fault (Turkey) 
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下载免费PDF全文 Aurélia Hubert‐Ferrari Meriam El‐Ouahabi David Garcia‐Moreno Ulaş Avşar Sevgi Altınok Sabine Schmidt Nathalie Fagel M. Namık Çağatay 《Sedimentology》2017,64(5):1322-1353
Deltas contain sedimentary records that are not only indicative of water‐level changes, but also particularly sensitive to earthquake shaking typically resulting in soft‐sediment‐deformation structures. The Kürk lacustrine delta lies at the south‐western extremity of Lake Hazar in eastern Turkey and is adjacent to the seismogenic East Anatolian Fault, which has generated earthquakes of magnitude 7. This study re‐evaluates water‐level changes and earthquake shaking that have affected the Kürk Delta, combining geophysical data (seismic‐reflection profiles and side‐scan sonar), remote sensing images, historical data, onland outcrops and offshore coring. The history of water‐level changes provides a temporal framework for the depositional record. In addition to the common soft‐sediment deformation documented previously, onland outcrops reveal a record of deformation (fracturing, tilt and clastic dykes) linked to large earthquake‐induced liquefactions and lateral spreading. The recurrent liquefaction structures can be used to obtain a palaeoseismological record. Five event horizons were identified that could be linked to historical earthquakes occurring in the last 1000 years along the East Anatolian Fault. Sedimentary cores sampling the most recent subaqueous sedimentation revealed the occurrence of another type of earthquake indicator. Based on radionuclide dating (137Cs and 210Pb), two major sedimentary events were attributed to the ad 1874 to 1875 East Anatolian Fault earthquake sequence. Their sedimentological characteristics were determined by X‐ray imagery, X‐ray diffraction, loss‐on‐ignition, grain‐size distribution and geophysical measurements. The events are interpreted to be hyperpycnal deposits linked to post‐seismic sediment reworking of earthquake‐triggered landslides. 相似文献
49.
四川盆地东南部早三叠世地震事件沉积及其地质意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
四川盆地南部及东南部下三叠统飞仙关组和嘉陵江组中常发育有一系列宏观及微观的软沉积物变形、震积角砾岩块、板状砾屑、层内微断层等特殊的地震成因沉积构造。飞仙关组震积岩在重庆北碚白庙子剖面飞仙关组第一、二段中产出,嘉陵江组震积岩产于四川叙永龙洞湾嘉陵江组第二段及四川兴文、贵州习水等地的相同层位中,其沉积序列明显,反映了古地震从开始至平静的全过程。作者认为,早三叠世时,上扬子板块西缘以川西义敦弧的演化为代表的三江构造带活动强烈,可能与四川盆地早三叠世震积岩的形成有联系,随着三江构造带板块碰撞、洋壳俯冲消减,能在较大区域内引发地震活动、火山喷发。 相似文献
50.
滇西保山金鸡地区三叠系上统大水塘组震积岩的发现及意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以往认为保山地区三叠系上统大水塘组为浅海沉积,通过1∶5万金鸡村等幅区域地质调查,本文认为保山三叠系上统大水塘组的背景沉积主体为一套钙质浊积岩,主要由A、E段组成,中部夹薄层状硅质岩（饥饿沉积）,并伴有滑塌岩块,属斜坡-盆地环境,是永德-黑山裂谷（海槽）的一部分。笔者在大水塘组中首次发现了震积岩,包括振动液化卷曲变形构造、微同沉积断层、液化泥晶脉、震积不整合、地裂缝、液化角砾、液化眼球及由地震使沉积物液化流动形成的滑（流）积岩、滑（流）褶皱等资料,这些现象组合规律性极差,仅有少量有垂向组合层序,显示出地方性属种的色彩。微同沉积断层、液化泥晶脉几乎充满沉积的全过程。岩石遭敲击时,都会散发出极浓的油气味,显示出良好的烃源岩特征。因此,研究大水塘组震积岩的分布和形成对于恢复三叠系上统大水塘组古地理环境及寻找烃源岩都具有非常重要的现实意义。 相似文献