From regional seismic hazard to “scenario earthquakes” for seismic microzoning: A new methodological tool for the Celano Project     

B. Pace  P. Boncio  F. Brozzetti  G. Lavecchia  F. Visini 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2008,28(10-11):866

We present the results of a probabilistic seismic hazard assessment and disaggregation analysis aimed to understand the dominant magnitudes and source-to-site distances of earthquakes that control the hazard at the Celano site in the Abruzzo region of central Italy. Firstly, we calculated a peak ground acceleration map for the central Apennines area, by using a model of seismogenic sources defined on geological-structural basis. The source model definition and the probabilistic seismic hazard evaluation at the regional scale (central Apennines) were obtained using three different seismicity models (Gutenberg–Richter model; characteristic earthquake model; hybrid model), consistent with the available seismological information. Moreover, a simplified time-dependent hypothesis has been introduced, computing the conditional probability of earthquakes occurrence by Brownian passage time distributions.Subsequently, we carried out the disaggregation analysis, with a modified version of the SEISRISK III code, in order to separate the contribution of each source to the total hazard.The results show the percentage contribution to the Celano hazard of the various seismogenic sources, for different expected peak ground acceleration classes. The analysis was differentiated for close (distance from Celano <20 km) and distant (distance from Celano >20 km) seismogenic sources. We propose three different “scenario earthquakes”, useful for the site condition studies and for the seismic microzoning study: (1) large (M=6.6) local (Celano-epicentre distance 16 km) earthquake, with mean recurrence time of 590 years; (2) moderate (M=5.5) local (Celano-epicentre distance 7.5 km) earthquake, with mean recurrence time of 500 years; and (3) large (M=6.6) distant (Celano-epicentre distance 24 km) earthquake, with mean recurrence time of 980 years.The probabilistic and time-dependent approach to the definition of the “scenario earthquakes” changes clearly the results in comparison to traditional deterministic analysis, with effects in terms of engineering design and seismic risk reduction.  相似文献   

Composition and distribution of seabed and suspended sediments in north and central Torres Strait,Australia     

Andrew D. Heap  Laura Sbaffi 《Continental Shelf Research》2008

Widespread seagrass dieback in central Torres Strait, Australia has been anecdotally linked to the delivery of vast quantities of terrigenous sediments from New Guinea. The composition and distribution, and sedimentological and geochemical properties, of seabed and suspended sediments in north and central Torres Strait have been determined to investigate this issue. In northern Torres Strait, next to Saibai Island, seabed sediments comprise poorly sorted, muddy, mixed calcareous–siliciclastic sand. Seabed sediments in this region are dominated by aluminosilicate (terrigenous) phases. In central Torres Strait, next to Turnagain Island, seabed and suspended sediments comprise moderately sorted coarse to medium carbonate sand. Seabed sediments in this region are dominated by carbonate and magnesium (marine) phases. Mean Cu/Al ratios for seabed sediments next to Saibai Island are 0.01, and are similar to those found in New Guinea south coastal sediments by previous workers. Mean Cu/Al ratios for seabed sediments next to Turnagain Island are 0.02, indicating an enrichment of Cu in central Torres Strait. This enrichment comes from an exogenous biogenic source, principally from foraminifers and molluscs. We could not uniquely trace terrigenous sediments from New Guinea to Turnagain Island in central Torres Strait. If sediments are a factor in the widespread seagrass dieback in central Torres Strait, then our data suggest these are marine-derived sediments sourced from resuspension and advection from the immediate shelf areas and not terrigenous sediments dispersed from New Guinea rivers. This finding is consistent with outputs from recently developed regional hydrodynamic and sediment transport models.  相似文献   

储油罐气态污染物计算方法的选择及污染控制   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

洪冰 《气象与环境学报》2008,24(3):59-62

储罐无组织排放的定量估算是石化企业污染源核查的重要项目。通过对比分析美国国家环保局(EPA)、美国石油学会(API)及中国石油化工(CPCC)系统经验公式等3种常用定量方法的应用情况,选择储罐区预测大气污染物的最佳方法,进而确定对储油罐的油品蒸发损耗量。结果表明:采用浮顶罐可减少小呼吸损耗,设置油气回收设施可减少大呼吸损耗,EPA公式较适合轻质油品,CPCC公式较适合拱顶罐,并提出减少油品损耗量的防治措施。  相似文献   

重庆中坝遗址剖面磁化率异常 与人类活动的关系   总被引：11，自引：2，他引：9  

史威  朱诚  徐伟峰  关勇  孙智彬 《地理学报》2007,62(3):257-267

结合古器物推定及¹⁴C 测定年代、人类遗存遗迹和堆积物自然属性特征, 重庆中坝考 古遗址多剖面地层高分辨率采样的质量磁化率(SI) 综合对比研究表明: 磁化率分布表现异常, 在很大程度上已掩盖了气候变化、成土作用等因素对地层磁化率分布的贡献, 反映遗址堆积物曾受到人类长期异常强烈的改造。堆积物来源主要以文化器物碎片、人为带入的自然碎屑物和频繁的洪水沉积物为主。碎陶片集中(尤其红陶) 的文化层表现为高磁化率值, 其中多次异常高值的出现可能与此时高强度用火、大规模燃烧等事件致使土层磁性矿物增加有关; 而" 洪水扰动层" 则表现为低磁化率值。进一步分析曲线还可发现, 中坝地区新石器末至唐代是人类活动的活跃期, 宋以后人类活动有逐渐减弱的趋势, 其中新石器时代末、夏商中期、西周早中期、春秋时期、战国中晚期、六朝时期及唐代为活跃期中的旺盛阶段。新石器晚期、夏商早期、西周早期、春秋晚期、战国早期、宋代、明清和现代地层中洪水扰动明显, 推断 为洪水频发时代或此间曾出现过特大洪水。  相似文献   

Geochemical features of the geothermal CO2-water-carbonate rock system and analysis on its CO2 sources--Examples from Huanglong Ravine and Kangding, Sichuan, and Xiage, Zhongdian, Yunnan     

LIU Zaihua  YUAN Daoxian  HE Shiyi  ZHANG Meiliang  ZHANG Jiagui 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2000,43(6)

Taking Huanglong Ravine and Kangding, Sichuan, and Xiage, Zhongdian, Yunnan, as examples, the authors summarize the hydrogeochemical and carbon stable isotopic features of the geothermal CO2-water-carbonate rock system and analyze the CO2 sources of the system. It was found that the hydrogeochemical and carbon stable isotopic features of such a system are different from those of shallow CO2-water-carbonate rock system, which is strongly influenced by biosphere. The former has higher CO2 partial pressure, and is rich in heavy carbon stable isotope. In addition, such a geothermal system is also different from that developed in igneous rock. The water in the latter system lacks Ca2+, and thus, there are few tufa deposits on ground surface, but it is rich in light carbon stable isotope. Further analysis shows that CO2 of the geothermal CO2-water-carbonate rock system is a mixture of metamorphic CO2 and magmatic CO2.  相似文献   

湖北鄂州市石家湾水库淤积的物质来源探讨     

毛立音 《岩矿测试》2000,19(3):185-187

通过岩石矿物鉴定、Ｘ衍射分析及粒度分析等多种方法,研究了湖北鄂州石家湾水库淤积的物质成分及来源,提出了开发自然资源必须同时保护处然资源的思考。  相似文献   

阳澄湖入湖河道分类、污染特征分析及治理策略     

刘帅  谢茂嵘  吕文  宋娜  杨惠  杨文晶  姜宇  白瑞泉  沈逸  史书  杨金艳 《湖泊科学》2024,36(3):741-755

为进一步揭示阳澄湖入湖河道的污染物来源,提出相应的治理对策,以2017—2021年阳澄湖入湖河道水质监测数据为基础进行分析讨论。依据入湖水量选取10条主要入湖河道进行分析,其中位于阳澄湖东岸的白曲港在七浦塘拓浚工程建成之前主导流向为出湖,工程建成后,通过Pearson相关分析证实了其流向与七浦塘引水时的水力关系,因此白曲港被选为主要入湖河道。采用距平系数法、系统聚类法和物元分析法将阳澄湖主要入湖河道分为3个类别:第1类别包括白荡、蠡塘河、北河泾、永昌泾4条河道,第2类别包括渭泾塘、界泾和施家斗港3条河道,第3类别包括南消泾、七浦塘和白曲港3条河道。使用因子分析法进行因子分析,第1类别河道的因子为高锰酸盐指数(COD_Mn)、氨氮(NH₃-N)、溶解氧(DO)和总磷(TP),第2类别河道的污染因子为NH₃-N、总氮(TN)、pH、TP和DO,第3类别河道的污染因子为pH、TP、TN和DO。通过对上游河道水质情况分析、文件研究以及实地调查等方式得出第1类别河道区域的污染源主要为工业污染源和生活污染源,第2类别河道区域污染源主要为工业污染源与种植业污染源,第3类别河道污染源主要为陆地水产养殖污染源与种植业污染源。针对总体污染源情况,建议通过控制点源污染、削减面源污染、增强上游河道治理、开展生态治理修复以及加强巡查监管等方式对各类别河道区域进行针对性治理,以提高入湖河道水质,为阳澄湖的系统性和整体性治理打好基础。  相似文献   

上天、入地、下海:极端条件下矿物学研究     

束今赋 《地学前缘》2020,27(3):133-153

上天、入地、下海,进行极端条件下的矿物学研究,研究微矿物,发现新矿物。主要利用金刚石压机,结合使用国内外同步辐射X-光源、中子源,以及其他多种物理的、化学的、光学的测试手段(如岩石矿物化学分析,光薄片测定,电子探针,离子探针,扫描电镜,透射电镜,红外、紫外、拉曼光谱,激光加热等),对来自天外的陨石、陨石坑样品、地球深处地幔源矿物以及海底甲烷水合物进行了一些研究。模拟不同温度和压力下各种不同成分的矿物材料的晶体结构、物理和化学性质。文章着重研究从地球内核到地壳海底的各种不同组分在不同温度、压力极端环境下形成的各种各样的典型矿物:从金属固体内核和金属液体外核中的ε-Fe到核幔边界(CMB)地球D″层的后钙钛矿(Post-Perovskite)结构(ppv)镁铁硅酸盐(Mg,Fe)SiO₃,从下地幔中的铁磁性钙钛矿(Perovskite)结构(pv)镁铁硅酸盐布里奇曼石(Bridgmanite)(Mg,Fe)SiO₃、镁铁氧化物(Fe,Mg)O和后尖晶石(Post-Spinel)结构的含Fe³⁺毛河光矿(Maohokite)(HP-Mg$Fe^{3+}_{2}O_{4}$)到过渡带、上地幔和地壳中的镁铁硅酸盐、硅氧化物、铬铁氧化物和金刚石及其内含物以及甲烷水合物(CH₄·H₂O)等。进行高温高压极端条件下的矿物学研究,为探索地球结构性质、形成动力和发展历史提供了新的窗口。  相似文献   

扬子克拉通前寒武纪基底对中生代大面积低温成矿的制约     

胡瑞忠  陈伟  毕献武  付山岭  尹润生  肖加飞 《地学前缘》2020,27(2):137-150

大面积低温成矿主要见于扬子克拉通和美国中西部,且扬子克拉通比美国中西部具有更多的矿床类型,在全球极具特色,是建立大面积低温成矿理论的理想区域。前人对扬子克拉通中生代大面积低温矿作用进行了较系统的研究,在矿床地质特征、矿床物质组成、成矿流体特征、成矿时代和成矿动力学背景等方面,已取得重要进展。进一步的研究表明,扬子低温成矿域不同矿种的矿床组合(Pb-Zn、Au-Hg-Sb-As、Au-Sb等)在地理位置上是分区产出的,而这种不同矿床组合的分区对应着不同类型的前寒武纪基底。初步证据显示,扬子克拉通前寒武纪基底(含寒武纪)富含低温成矿元素,深循环流体浸取基底岩石中的成矿元素发生了大面积低温成矿,而基底岩石成矿元素组成的空间不均一分布则控制了不同区域矿床组合的差异。应指出的是,由于成矿金属元素来源示踪的复杂性,大面积低温成矿的物质基础尚需更系统的研究进一步证实。  相似文献   

中国东部海域表层沉积物稀土元素赋存特征及物源探讨          下载免费PDF全文

密蓓蓓  张勇  梅西  仇晓华  赵维娜  蓝先洪 《中国地质》2020,47(5):1530-1541

通过中国地质调查局近20年对中国东部海域的高精度调查取样,对渤海、黄海和东海表层沉积物中的稀土元素数据进行了系统总结,旨在揭示其赋存特征、分布规律及其控制因素。结果表明,整个中国东部海域大致可以划分为4个稀土含量富集区,分别位于渤海西部泥质区、南黄海中部泥质区、济州岛西南泥质区以及东海内陆架泥质区,富集区内的表层沉积物稀土含量普遍高于180 mg/g;稀土元素的球粒陨石配分模式和UCC配分模式显示出各海域较为一致的总体特征,与中国大陆的稀土元素分配曲线类似,指示了较强的陆源特征。通过对稀土元素各特征参数的相关性分析,发现与中国东部海域稀土元素含量相关性最强的是δEu,呈明显负相关,其次是沉积物的平均粒径,呈明显正相关。利用δEu-(La/Yb) n物源判别图对这4个稀土含量富集区的样品进行判别,结果表明渤海西部泥质区和南黄海中部泥质区的沉积物具有同源性;南黄海东南部的济州岛西南部泥质区除了有来自长江和黄河物质以外,朝鲜半岛东南部的河流输入作用也不可忽视;东海内陆架泥质区北端的沉积物基本来源自长江,而南端则表现出不同的稀土分馏特征,很可能与闽浙沿岸和台湾岛中小河流的输入有关。大型河流和中小河流带来的物源、沉积物粒度以及海域流系格局控制了中国东部海域表层沉积物稀土元素的地球化学特征。  相似文献