埃达克岩研究现状     

孙宏伟  王海坡  张炯飞 《地质与资源》2003,12(1):61-63

埃达克岩是一套钙碱系列岩浆岩,其主要地球化学特征为SiO₂ ≥ 56%,Al₂O₃ ≥ 15%,MgO通常小于3%,低重稀土元素和Y(Y ≤ 18×10^-6,Yb ≤ 1.9×10^-6),高Sr(多数大于400×10^-6),无Eu异常或有轻微的负Eu异常,其成因主要有两类,一种为由俯冲板片的熔融形成,另一种由底侵玄武质下地壳熔融形成,埃达克岩具有重要的成矿意义。  相似文献   

机械光栅式测缝计应用于无砟轨道板上拱监测的可行性分析     

张利刚  高山 《测绘工程》2022,31(1):52-57

高速铁路轨道的稳定性和平顺性是高速铁路正常运营的关键,因此对运营期高速铁路的轨下结构持续地开展变形监测是十分必要的。当前我国对轨道板变形的检测主要是依靠人工肉眼观察式的现场检查和常规水准测量方式进行监测,效率低下,难以在有限的天窗时间内完成辖区内轨道结构的全覆盖检测。基于此,从理论分析和实验测试两方面探讨机械光栅式测缝计应用于无砟轨道板上拱自动化监测的可行性,结果表明机械光栅式测缝计能够抵抗高温、淋水和振动等不良条件的影响,满足轨道板上拱监测的精度要求。  相似文献   

Thermobarometric constraints on pressure variations across the Plattengneiss shear zone of the Eastern Alps: implications for exhumation models during Eoalpine subduction     

T. Eberlei  T. E. Johnson  R. W. White  C. Roffeis  K. Stüwe 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2014,32(2):227-244

Forward and inverse mineral equilibria modelling of metapelitic rocks in the hangingwall and footwall of the Plattengneiss, a major shear zone in the Eastern Alps, is used to constrain their tectonometamorphic evolution and assess models for their exhumation. Forward (pseudosection) modelling of two metapelitic rocks suggests a steep clockwise P–T path with a near‐isothermal decompression segment from a pressure peak at ~18–19 kbar and 670 °C to the metamorphic peak at 680–720 °C and 11–13 kbar. A subsequent decrease to 600–645 °C and 8–9 kbar is inferred from the late growth of staurolite in some samples. Conventional thermobarometric calculations (inverse modelling) on 18 samples with the inferred peak assemblage garnet + plagioclase + muscovite + biotite + quartz + rutile ± ilmenite ± kyanite are associated with large 2σ uncertainties, and absolute pressures calculated for all samples are statistically indistinguishable. However, calculations constraining relative pressure differences (ΔP) between samples sharing a common mineral assemblage are associated with much smaller uncertainties and yield pressure differences that are statistically meaningful. Although the overall pattern is complicated, the results suggest a pressure gradient of up to 3 kbar across the shear zone that is consistent with volume loss and a model of exhumation related to slab extraction for the Plattengneiss shear zone.  相似文献   

Lunar and solar daily variations of equivalent slab thickness at Delhi   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

P. K. Bhuyan  T. R. Tyagi 《Geophysical Journal International》1987,88(2):487-493

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西藏拉萨地体榴辉岩的地球化学特征和Sm-Nd、Rb-Sr同位素组成及其地质意义   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

李兆丽  杨经绥  罗立强  李天福  徐向珍  任玉峰 《地质学报》2008,82(7):941-2008-01-30

最近在青藏高原拉萨地体新发现了一条榴辉岩带,该榴辉岩带位于冈底斯岩浆岛弧带的北缘。对该带榴辉岩的岩石地球化学特征及SmNd、RbSr同位素组成研究表明： ① 该带榴辉岩的原岩主要是一套低钾的大洋拉斑系列玄武岩,其原岩类似于典型的NMORB,源于亏损地幔; ② 该带榴辉岩样品 （87Sr/86Sr）i＝0.70335~0.70457,变化范围较大,且与εNd（t）值及微量元素特征均没有好的对应关系,可能是由于该套岩石形成于大洋环境,形成后遭受了海水的蚀变作用;（3）该带榴辉岩全岩的SmNd等时线年龄为305.5±50Ma （2σ）,（143Nd/144Nd）i＝0.5126±0.00007 （2σ）,表明该带榴辉岩可能形成于早石炭－晚二叠世,在这一时期冈底斯北缘可能存在古特提斯洋盆及古特提斯洋盆深俯冲作用。  相似文献   

牡丹江和海拉尔台下方地幔间断面结构及推论   总被引：9，自引：6，他引：9       下载免费PDF全文

周元泽  臧绍先 《地球物理学报》2001,44(6):761-773

利用牡丹江(MDJ)和海拉尔(HIA)台1988-2000年的宽频带三分量数字地震记录,通过地幔间断面产生的P-SV转换波,研究台站下方地幔间断面的分布以及日本海俯冲带对660km间断面的影响.为了提高所得结果的可靠性,采用了线性-偏振滤波方法和修正的N次根倾斜叠加方法来提取P-SV转换波.前一方法通过实验选取适当的光滑平均和提出立体角的约束;对后一方法进行了震源深度校正和间断面倾斜的修正.结果表明,在MDJ和HIA台下方,除在660,410,220和520km深度附近均存有间断面外,在140,350,570,740和1080km深度附近也存在间断面,显示了地幔中径向分层的复杂性;另外,MDJ台下方660-840km之间的间断面结果比HIA台下方的复杂,似有分层结构,可能反映了俯冲带的影响.  相似文献   

拉萨地块北缘早白垩世晚期地壳生长:来自改则亚多～106Ma侵入岩的证据     

董瀚  苟国宁  齐玥  段凯  张志平  吴勇  焦世文  郝露露  陈福坤  王强 《大地构造与成矿学》2016,(6):1226-1238

北部拉萨地块晚中生代的地壳生长时间和机制存在争论。本文报道了北部拉萨地块的改则亚多侵入体的年代学、地球化学资料。改则亚多侵入体形成于早白垩世晚期(~106 Ma),其岩石类型包括二长闪长岩、闪长岩、花岗闪长斑岩、花岗斑岩。岩石属于钙碱性系列岩石,显示轻稀土富集,Nb和重稀土亏损,其中花岗闪长斑岩、花岗斑岩显示了埃达克质岩的地球化学特征。主体岩石样品具有一致的εNd(t)(2.65~1.42)和(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)i(0.7045~0.7049)。二长闪长岩、闪长岩由俯冲流体交代的地幔橄榄岩熔融产生的玄武质岩浆经过地壳混染和分离结晶作用形成。花岗闪长斑岩、花岗斑岩由增厚的新底侵玄武质下地壳熔融形成。早白垩世晚期(118~105 Ma),俯冲的班公湖–怒江特提斯洋岩石圈板片后撤过程中,诱发软流圈上涌,导致其上覆地幔熔融或其自身发生减压熔融,来自亏损地幔的岛弧岩浆连续底侵加入到北部拉萨地块的地壳或喷出地表,导致了该区在晚中生代的地壳生长。  相似文献   

混凝土联锁排应用于海底管线冲刷防护试验研究     

张宗峰  丁红岩  刘锦昆 《海洋工程》2015,33(2):77-83

海底管道冲刷防护是海管研究的热点之一,混凝土联锁排具有整体性好、易于机械化施工等优点在保滩护底工程中得到广泛应用。在易受意外荷载作用的近海冲刷区域,将"混凝土联锁排+土工布"防护型式引入海底管道冲刷防护中,针对裸露或悬空海底管线,探讨混凝土联锁块的防护机理,开展室内水槽试验,选取不同水深工况对比冲刷防护效果并验证了土工布的反滤防护作用,经过分析对比表明"混凝土连锁排+土工布"防护型式适用于海底管线的防护。  相似文献   

Lightning and special peat bog phenomena on Andøya,northern Norway     

《Norsk geografisk tidsskrift. Norwegian journal of geography》2012,66(4):291-295

In 1982 a c.5 m² slab of peat, c.25 cm thick, was discovered on a peat bog on the island of Andøya in northern Norway. The peat slab, which weighed c.1 ton, was found 4 m to 5 m from a hole having precisely the same shape. Investigations on Andøya to date have provided information on six quite similar phenomena with slab weights varying between 100 kg and 4 tons. Outside Andøya, five similar phenomena have been recorded in Norway, and pieces of earth displaced from their original locations have been reported in Britain, Germany and the United States. Lightning is hypothesized to have caused these phenomena.  相似文献   

Phase transformations in the earth's mantle and subducting slabs: Implications for their compositions, seismic velocity and density structures and dynamics   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Tetsuo  Irifune 《Island Arc》1993,2(2):55-71

Abstract Phase transformations in model mantle compositions and those in subducting slabs have been reviewed to a depth of 800 km on the basis of recent high-pressure experimental data. Seismic velocity and density profiles in these compositions have also been calculated using these and other mineral physics data. The nature of the seismic velocity and density profiles calculated for a pyrolite composition was found to generally agree with those determined by seismic observations (e.g. PREM). The locations of the seismic discontinuities at 400 and 670 km correspond almost exactly to the depths where the transformations of the olivine component to denser phases take place. Moreover, the steep gradients in the seismic velocity/density profiles observed between these depths are qualitatively consistent with those expected from the successive transformations in the complementary pyroxene-garnet component in the pyrolite composition. Further, the calculated seismic velocity and density values agree well with those observed in the upper mantle and mantle transition region within the uncertainties attached to these calculations and observations. Pyrolite or peridotite compositions are thus most likely to represent the composition of the mantle above 670 km depth, although some degrees of chemical heterogeneity may exist in the transition region. The observed sharp discontinuous increases of seismic velocities and density at this depth may be attributed either to the phase transformation to a perovskite-bearing assemblage in pyrolite or to chemical composition changes. Density profiles in subducted slabs have been calculated along adequate geotherms assuming that the slabs are composed of the former oceanic crust underlain by a thicker harzburgitic layer. It is shown that the former oceanic crust is substantially less dense than the surrounding pyrolite mantle at depths below 670 km, while it is denser than pyrolite in the upper mantle and the transition region. The subducted former oceanic crust may be trapped in this region, forming a geochemically enriched layer at the upper mantle-lower mantle boundary. Thick and cool slabs may penetrate into the lower mantle, but the chemically derived buoyancy may result in strong deformation and formation of megalith structures around the 670 km seismic discontinuity. These structures are consistent with those detected by recent seismic tomography studies for subduction zones.  相似文献